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• Journal article
  Chalmers JD, Haworth CS, Flume P, Long MB, Burgel P-R, Dimakou K, Blasi F, Herrero-Cortina B, Dhar R, Chotirmall SH, Ringshausen FC, Altenburg J, Morgan L, Nigro M, Crichton ML, Van Meel C, Sibila O, Timothy A, Kompatsiari E, Hedberg T, Vandendriessche T, McShane PJ, Tonia T, Winthrop K, Loebinger MR, Lorent N, Goeminne P, Shteinberg M, Polverino E, Aliberti Set al., 2025,

  European Respiratory Society clinical practice guideline for the management of adult bronchiectasis.

  , Eur Respir J, Vol: 66

  BACKGROUND: Bronchiectasis is a common lung condition associated with wide range of infectious, immunological, autoimmune, allergic and genetic conditions. Exacerbations and daily symptoms have the largest impact on patients and healthcare systems, and they are the key focus of treatments. Current practice is heterogeneous globally, and bronchiectasis has historically been a neglected disease. Here, we present evidence-based international guidelines for the management of adults with bronchiectasis. METHODS: A European Respiratory Society (ERS) Task Force, comprising global experts, a methodologist and patient representatives, developed clinical practice guidelines in accordance with ERS methodology and the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations) approach. Systematic literature searches, data extraction and meta-analysis were performed to generate evidence tables, and recommendations were formulated using the evidence-to-decision framework. A total of eight PICO (Patients, Intervention, Comparator, Outcomes) questions and three narrative questions were developed. RECOMMENDATIONS: The Task Force recommendations include strong recommendations in favour of airway clearance techniques for most patients with bronchiectasis, and pulmonary rehabilitation for those with impaired exercise capacity. We issue a strong recommendation for the use of long-term macrolide treatment for patients at high risk of exacerbations and a strong recommendation in favour of long-term inhaled antibiotics in patients with chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection at high risk of exacerbation. Conditional recommendations support the use of eradication treatment or mucoactive drugs in specific circumstances. We suggest not to routinely use long-term oral, non-macrolide antibiotic treatment or inhaled corticosteroids. Additional guidance is also provided on testing for underlying causes, managing exacerbations and managing the deteriorating patient. CONCLUSION: T

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• Journal article
  Narayana JK, Ling YKW, Mac Aogain M, Chotirmall SHet al., 2025,

  Characterising research trends in bronchiectasis through AI-powered analytics

  , EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL, Vol: 66, ISSN: 0903-1936
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• Journal article
  Ryerson CJ, Adegunsoye A, Piciucchi S, Hariri LP, Khor YH, Wijsenbeek MS, Wells AU, Sharma A, Cooper WA, Antoniou K, Borie R, Fabre A, Inoue Y, Johannson K, Johkoh T, Kawano-Dourado L, Kazerooni E, Maher TM, Molyneaux PL, Protti R, Ravaglia C, Renzoni EA, Saito-Koyama R, Sverzellati N, Walsh SLF, Wolters P, Yang S-R, Travis W, Nicholson AGet al., 2025,

  Update of the international multidisciplinary classification of the interstitial pneumonias: an ERS/ATS statement.

  , Eur Respir J, Vol: 66

  BACKGROUND: The 2013 American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society statement on the classification of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias described six major and two rare subtypes of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, as well as recognising unclassifiable disease. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this statement is to update the 2013 classification of interstitial pneumonia. METHODS: Five co-chairs identified a committee of 32 experts in the field, as well as two individuals with lived experience. Creation of the document was supported by a series of video meetings, first including the full committee and then subgroups assigned to draft specific sections of the document. The classification scheme was developed by consensus. RESULTS: The multidisciplinary committee of experts identified four major advances to the classification of interstitial pneumonia: 1) expansion beyond idiopathic interstitial pneumonias to also include secondary causes; 2) identification of new subcategories and updated terms, including addition of bronchiolocentric interstitial pneumonia as a major pattern as well as changing from acute interstitial pneumonia to idiopathic diffuse alveolar damage and desquamative interstitial pneumonia to alveolar macrophage pneumonia; 3) subclassification of interstitial and alveolar filling disorders, with interstitial disorders further subclassified as fibrotic versus non-fibrotic; and 4) consideration of diagnostic confidence in patient evaluation and management. The committee also provided a comprehensive update on the status of potential molecular tools and identified future research priorities. CONCLUSIONS: This update builds upon the previous classification approach by describing major advances in the classification of interstitial pneumonia over the past decade.

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• Journal article
  Ryerson CJ, Adegunsoye A, Piciucchi S, Hariri LP, Khor YH, Wijsenbeek MS, Wells AU, Sharma A, Cooper WA, Antoniou K, Borie R, Fabre A, Inoue Y, Johannson KA, Johkoh T, Kawano-Dourado L, Kazerooni E, Maher TM, Molyneaux PL, Protti R, Ravaglia C, Renzoni EA, Saito-Koyama R, Sverzellati N, Walsh SLF, Wolters PJ, Yang S-R, Travis WD, Nicholson AGet al., 2025,

  Reply: Bronchiolocentric interstitial pneumonia is a morphological term used for lung biopsy and chest imaging pattern and is not a substitute for hypersensitivity pneumonitis

  , EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL, Vol: 66, ISSN: 0903-1936
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• Journal article
  Piciucchi S, Adegunsoye A, Travis WD, Nicholson AG, Wells AU, Cooper WA, Khor YH, Wijsenbeek MS, Sharma A, Hariri LP, Antoniou K, Borie R, Fabre A, Inoue Y, Johannson KA, Johkoh T, Kawano-Dourado L, Kazerooni E, Maher TM, Molyneaux PL, Protti R, Ravaglia C, Renzoni EA, Saito-Koyama R, Sverzellati N, Walsh SLF, Wolters PJ, Yang S-R, Ryerson CJet al., 2025,

  Reply: The rationale for distinguishing RB-ILD and AMP

  , EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL, Vol: 66, ISSN: 0903-1936
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• Journal article
  Czerniewska A, Borman A, Abdolrasouli A, Budd EL, Fisher MC, Barton R, Bates KA, Lambourne J, Demirjian A, Muller-Pebody B, Brown CS, Saavedra-Campos M, Manuel Ret al., 2025,

  Rapid emergence of Trichophyton indotineae (Trichophyton mentagrophytes ITS genotype VIII) observed in the United Kingdom, up to August 2025.

  , Euro Surveill, Vol: 30

  Trichophyton indotineae is an emerging dermatophyte increasingly detected in the United Kingdom, often with antifungal resistance. We identified 363 cases between January 2017 and August 2025, with 310 cases (85%) since January 2023. Cases were mostly concentrated in major urban centres and most affected individuals were working-age adults, frequently reporting South Asian ethnicity. The importance of international importation vs domestic transmission remains unclear. Implementing enhanced surveillance would help to identify risk factors and transmission routes to focus prevention efforts.

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• Journal article
  Meldrum OW, Tiew PY, Xu H, Low DY, Ivan FX, Narayana JK, Jaggi TK, Ching J, Chotirmall SHet al., 2025,

  Integrated multi-omics profiling for risk stratification in Asians with COPD.

  , Respir Res, Vol: 27

  BACKGROUND: Comorbidity-based risk stratification in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) incompletely captures inherent biological heterogeneity, particularly in Asian populations that demonstrate high-risk clinical phenotypes including prior pulmonary tuberculosis. We investigated whether integrated sputum multi-omics could improve risk stratification in an Asian COPD cohort. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, multicenter assessment of N = 56 Asians with established COPD, classified as high- (N = 25; cardiovascular or ex-tuberculosis) or low-risk (N = 31; diabetic or low-comorbidity) based on established co-morbidity phenotyping. Sputum was subjected to mucus analysis (MUC5AC, MUC5B, mucus solids, rheology), metabo-lipidomics (LC-MS/MS) and microbiome assessment (shotgun metagenomics). Multivariate statistics was employed to integrate datasets. RESULTS: High-risk Asian COPD demonstrates abnormal mucus biochemistry characterized by elevated MUC5AC; extensive metabo-lipidomic alterations characterized by dysregulated tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism and lipid remodeling with enrichment of lysophosphatidylcholines and triacylglycerols. Microbial networks are disrupted in high-risk patients, typified by antagonistic interactions driven by K. pneumoniae, H. influenzae and Neisseria spp. Integrative assessment combining all datasets partitioned the cohort into two clusters: SNF 1 (N = 34) and SNF 2 (N = 22), the former representing an unfavorable group characterized by exacerbations, hospitalizations, mucus dysfunction, microbial pathogens and dysregulated metabo-lipidomic pathways. Remarkably, 42% (N = 13 of 31) of the originally classified low risk COPD exhibited the unfavorable SNF 1 endotype, distinguished by more severe exacerbations (hospitalizations), K. pneumoniae and elevated hypoxanthine, creatine, spermine and phosphatidylcholines. CONCLUSION: Integrative multi-omics

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• Journal article
  Hess J, Burden M, Isaksen TMB, Ebi KL, Errett NA, Gridley-Smith C, Kramer CB, McCarthy C, McLaughlin O, Patel R, Reed A, Smith MH, Wheat S, Sherr Ket al., 2025,

  Pilot randomized controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of a heat risk reduction decision support platform and barriers and facilitators of its implementation

  , IMPLEMENTATION SCIENCE COMMUNICATIONS, Vol: 6
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• Journal article
  Liu Z, Chen M, Kotta-Loizou I, Coutts RHA, Kong L, Aboushedida H, Sari RK, Moriyama H, Xu Wet al., 2025,

  A novel partitivirus confers dual contradictory effects to its host fungus: growth attenuation and virulence enhancement

  , Journal of Virology, ISSN: 0022-538X

  Mycoviruses possess a potential role for biological control due to their ability to reduce both virulence and vegetative growth in some phytopathogenic fungi. However, mycoviruses that enhance fungal pathogenicity have been poorly studied and characterized. In this study, a novel double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) fungal virus, tentatively named Sinodiscula camellicola partitivirus 1 (ScPV1), was identified in the phytopathogenic fungus Sinodiscula camellicola, isolated from tea leaves. ScPV1 possesses two genomic components of 1,835 bp and 1,697 bp in length, each containing an open reading frame (ORF) encoding a putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) and coat protein (CP), respectively, as confirmed by mass spectrometry. Phylogenetic analysis of the amino acid sequences of the RdRPs from ScPV1 and related mycoviruses placed ScPV1 within a newly proposed genus, Epsilonpartitivirus, in the family Partitiviridae. The virus was purified using ultracentrifugation, and transmission electron microscopy revealed that ScPV1 dsRNA genomes are encapsidated in virus particles ca. 31 nm in size, ranging from 24.9 to 36.8 nm, together with the RdRP protein, which was of an unexpected size. Transfection with purified virions generated transfectants with significantly reduced growth rates but with increased virulence, indicating that ScPV1 confers unusual effects on its host fungus. This finding represents a significant advancement in understanding the complex interactions between mycoviruses and their host fungi.

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• Journal article
  Hewitt R, Chakravarty P, Perez-Lloret J, Banchero M, Berg M, van den Berge M, Traves W, Yates L, Walker S, Gaboriau D, Rice A, Nicholson A, Devaraj A, Kemp S, Molyneaux P, Puttur F, Byrne A, Maher T, Nawijn M, O'Garra A, Lloyd Cet al., 2025,

  Single-cell RNA-seq reveals aberrant airway epithelial- immune cell crosstalk in pulmonary fibrosis

  , ERJ Open Research, ISSN: 2312-0541

  BackgroundEpithelial-immune cell interactions are crucial in the regulation of pulmonary immune responses. Emerging evidence suggests that cell populations lining the airways may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a disease characterised by progressive scarring of the lung parenchyma. We profiled the cellular landscape of the airway mucosal niche in incident cases of IPF to understand early-stage events contributing to disease development.MethodsSingle-cell RNA-sequencing was used to explore cellular heterogeneity in proximal airway brushings from seven healthy controls and nine patients with newly diagnosed IPF. In-depth bioinformatics analysis was used to interrogate changes in cell populations and cell-cell communication in IPF patients compared to controls.ResultsWe show a relative increase in the abundance of airway macrophage subsets in IPF compared to healthy controls, and disease-specific changes in their transcriptional profile. Increased frequency of airway macrophages and proliferating macrophages was associated with more extensive disease at baseline quantified by the composite physiological index and radiological severity of traction bronchiectasis. Monocyte-derived macrophages were significantly enriched at baseline in IPF patients who had disease progression at 12 months. Using CellChat we exposed differences in cell-cell communication between airway epithelial cells, airway macrophages and T cells in IPF. We identified dysregulation in signalling pathways such as SEMA3, ANXA1 and DESMOSOME which modulate airway epithelial-macrophage interactions, potentially driving disease pathology.ConclusionsAirway epithelial cells and macrophages may play a key role in orchestrating the early immunopathology of IPF, and these data support further exploration of novel, airway-focused therapeutic targets in IPF.

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