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  • Journal article
    Desai SR, Wells AU, 1999,

    Functional-morphological relationships in cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis

    , Imaging, Vol: 11, Pages: 31-38, ISSN: 0965-6812

    · The relationships between the abnormal morphology of CFA and physiology are ideally investigated using CT; the extent and severity of different CT patterns may be quantified. · The methods used for the quantification of CT patterns and the statistical tests employed in analysis are crucial. · In patients with CFA, the extent of lung involvement on CT is an important determinant of prognosis. · The percent predicted DLco is the best single lung function parameter which reflects global disease extent. However, whether a combination of physiological indices would be better has not been established. · The relationship between DLco and disease extent is perturbed by coexistent emphysema.

  • Journal article
    Desai SR, Wells AU, Rubens MB, Evans TW, Hansell DMet al., 1999,

    Acute respiratory distress syndrome: CT abnormalities at long-term follow-up

    , RADIOLOGY, Vol: 210, Pages: 29-35, ISSN: 0033-8419
  • Journal article
    Cookson WO, 1999,

    Disease taxonomy--polygenic.

    , Br Med Bull, Vol: 55, Pages: 358-365, ISSN: 0007-1420

    The practice of medicine depends on the recognition and classification of disease. Correct diagnosis is the cornerstone of correct treatment. The past century has seen the classification of disease move from a reliance on symptoms and signs to the use of more and more sophisticated measurements of human structure and function. However, although most diseases have now have names and schemes of classification, these names still may hide a fundamental lack of understanding of the causes of the disease. The extraordinary progress in molecular genetics in the last 20 years now means that a complete understanding of the constitutional predisposition to disease is possible. All disease results from the interaction between adverse environmental events and constitutional (genetic) resistance or susceptibility. Genetic resistance is modified by ageing. The study of genetics is the process of linking polymorphism in the genetic material to polymorphism or variation in the function or appearance of an organism. The extent to which this becomes clinically useful will be determined by the strength of the genetic effects influencing the disease. Oligogenic disorders, in which just a few genes are impacting on the disease, are more likely to be classifiable by genetic polymorphism than true polygenic disorders, in which a multiplicity of small effects give incremental risks of developing disease. Nevertheless, an improved understanding of the aetiology of disease will in all probability identify previously unrecognised yet distinct subsets of disease.

  • Journal article
    Taylor JW, Jacobson DJ, Fisher MC, 1999,

    The evolution of asexual fungi: Reproduction, speciation and classification

    , ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY, Vol: 37, Pages: 197-246, ISSN: 0066-4286
  • Journal article
    Burton PR, Tiller KJ, Gurrin LC, Cookson WO, Musk AW, Palmer LJet al., 1999,

    Genetic variance components analysis for binary phenotypes using generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) and Gibbs sampling.

    , Genet Epidemiol, Vol: 17, Pages: 118-140, ISSN: 0741-0395

    The common complex diseases such as asthma are an important focus of genetic research, and studies based on large numbers of simple pedigrees ascertained from population-based sampling frames are becoming commonplace. Many of the genetic and environmental factors causing these diseases are unknown and there is often a strong residual covariance between relatives even after all known determinants are taken into account. This must be modelled correctly whether scientific interest is focused on fixed effects, as in an association analysis, or on the covariances themselves. Analysis is straightforward for multivariate Normal phenotypes, but difficulties arise with other types of trait. Generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) offer a potentially unifying approach to analysis for many classes of phenotype including multivariate Normal traits, binary traits, and censored survival times. Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods, including Gibbs sampling, provide a convenient framework within which such models may be fitted. In this paper, Bayesian inference Using Gibbs Sampling (a generic Gibbs sampler; BUGS) is used to fit GLMMs for multivariate Normal and binary phenotypes in nuclear families. BUGS is easy to use and readily available. We motivate a suitable model structure for Normal phenotypes and show how the model extends to binary traits. We discuss parameter interpretation and statistical inference and show how to circumvent a number of important theoretical and practical problems that we encountered. Using simulated data we show that model parameters seem consistent and appear unbiased in smaller data sets. We illustrate our methods using data from an ongoing cohort study.

  • Journal article
    Bismarck A, Wuertz C, Springer J, 1999,

    Basic Surface Oxides on Carbon Fibers

    , Carbon, Vol: 37, Pages: 1019-1027
  • Journal article
    Bismarck A, Springer J, 1999,

    Characterization of Fluorinated PAN-based Carbon Fibers by Zeta-Potential Measurements

    , Colloids and Surfaces A-Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, Vol: 159, Pages: 331-339
  • Journal article
    Ng CS, Desai SR, Rubens MB, 1999,

    Visual quantitation and observer variation of signs of small airways disease at inspiratory and expiratory CT

    , Journal of thoracic …
  • Journal article
    Fotheringham T, Chabat F, Hansell DM, Wells AU, Gckel C, Desai SR, Padley SPG, Gibson M, Yang GZet al., 1999,

    A comparison of methods for enhancing the detection of areas of decreased attenuation on CT caused by airways disease

    , Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography, Vol: 23, Pages: 385-389
  • Journal article
    Dizier MH, James A, Faux J, Moffatt MF, Musk AW, Cookson W, Demenais Fet al., 1999,

    Segregation analysis of the specific response to allergens: a recessive major gene controls the specific IgE response to Timothy grass pollen.

    , Genet Epidemiol, Vol: 16, Pages: 305-315, ISSN: 0741-0395

    Segregation analysis of the specific response to allergens (SRA) was performed in a sample of 234 randomly selected Australian families using the regressive models. Various SRA phenotypes were considered using broad and narrow definitions of these phenotypes, according to the type of test used, skin test or RAST test, and the specificity of the response to allergen. Strong evidence for familial dependencies among blood relatives was shown for most SRA phenotypes, especially when using a broad definition. There was no evidence for a Mendelian factor accounting for the familial transmission of these broadest phenotypes, which may involve multiple factors preventing the clear detection of a major effect with Mendelian transmission. However, segregation of a Mendelian recessive major gene was detected for one SRA sub-phenotype, the IgE response to a single allergen, Timothy grass pollen, measured by the RAST test. Identification of a specific SRA phenotype controlled by a major gene may have important implications for further linkage studies.

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