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• Journal article
  Peñalva MA, Arst HN, 2002,

  Regulation of gene expression by ambient pH in filamentous fungi and yeasts.

  , Microbiol Mol Biol Rev, Vol: 66, Pages: 426-446, ISSN: 1092-2172

  Life, as we know it, is water based. Exposure to hydroxonium and hydroxide ions is constant and ubiquitous, and the evolutionary pressure to respond appropriately to these ions is likely to be intense. Fungi respond to their environments by tailoring their output of activities destined for the cell surface or beyond to the ambient pH. We are beginning to glimpse how they sense ambient pH and transmit this information to the transcription factor, whose roles ensure that a suitable collection of gene products will be made. Although relatively little is known about pH signal transduction itself, its consequences for the cognate transcription factor are much clearer. Intriguingly, homologues of components of this system mediating the regulation of fungal gene expression by ambient pH are to be found in the animal kingdom. The potential applied importance of this regulatory system lies in its key role in fungal pathogenicity of animals and plants and in its control of fungal production of toxins, antibiotics, and secreted enzymes.

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• Journal article
  Harris RS, 2002,

  Acute respiratory distress syndrome: imaging of the injured lung.

  , Clin Radiol, Vol: 57, ISSN: 0009-9260
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• Journal article
  Ito K, Caramori G, Lim S, Oates T, Chung KF, Barnes PJ, Adcock IMet al., 2002,

  Expression and activity of histone deacetylases in human asthmatic airways

  , AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE, Vol: 166, Pages: 392-396, ISSN: 1073-449X
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  • Citations: 250
• Journal article
  Waring MJ, Ben-Hadda T, Kotchevar AT, Ramdani A, Touzani R, Elkadiri S, Hakkou A, Bouakka M, Ellis Tet al., 2002,

  2,3-bifunctionalized quinoxalines: Synthesis, DNA interactions and evaluation of anticancer, anti-tuberculosis and antifungal activity

  , MOLECULES, Vol: 7, Pages: 641-656, ISSN: 1420-3049
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  • Citations: 99
• Journal article
  Cookson WOCM, Harper JI, Moffatt MF, 2002,

  Genetics of atopic dermatitis

  , Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America, Vol: 22, Pages: 199-209, ISSN: 0889-8561

  Even though the comprehension of the genetics of AD is at an early stage, further studies offer the promise of a greater understanding. The preliminary findings emphasize the importance of the skin as a barrier and suggest that the atopy that accompanies AD might be as much a secondary phenomenon as a primary phenomenon. The barrier function of the skin is not merely passive, and the skin maintains a specific immunologic environment, referred to as the skin immune system [76]. The skin immune system is characterized by the presence of a dense network of dendritic, antigen-presenting cells (Langerhan's cells) in the epidermis and perivascular localization of T lymphocytes that are activated even in the skin of normal individuals [76,77]. The polymorphic nature of genes and gene families expressed in the skin suggest a polyvalent response to a number of different stimuli, including infections. It is possible that some of these proteins might have unrecognized anti-infective properties. The recognition of the importance of genetic effects to AD, together with advances in the understanding and technology of complex genetics, will result in a new understanding of AD.

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  • Citations: 3
• Journal article
  Fisher MC, Rannala B, Chaturvedi V, Taylor JWet al., 2002,

  Disease surveillance in recombining pathogens: Multilocus genotypes identify sources of human <i>Coccidioides</i> infections

  , PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Vol: 99, Pages: 9067-9071, ISSN: 0027-8424
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  • Citations: 41
• Journal article
  Ito K, Lim S, Caramori G, Cosio B, Chung KF, Adcock IM, Barnes PJet al., 2002,

  A molecular mechanism of action of theophylline: Induction of histone deacetylase activity to decrease inflammatory gene expression

  , PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Vol: 99, Pages: 8921-8926, ISSN: 0027-8424
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  • Citations: 395
• Journal article
  van Hage-Hamsten M, Johansson E, Kronqvist M, Loughry A, Cookson WOCM, Moffatt MFet al., 2002,

  Associations of FcεR1-β polymorphisms with immunoglobin E antibody responses to common inhalant allergens in a rural population

  , CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY, Vol: 32, Pages: 838-842, ISSN: 0954-7894
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  • Citations: 15
• Journal article
  Davies JC, 2002,

  Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis: pathogenesis and persistence.

  , Paediatr Respir Rev, Vol: 3, Pages: 128-134, ISSN: 1526-0542

  Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the major pathogen in the cystic fibrosis (CF) lung. Prevalence is high and, once acquired, chronic infection will almost always ensue. Several hypotheses related to the underlying molecular defects in CF have been suggested to explain this high rate of prevalence. These include abnormalities of airway surface liquid leading to impaired mucociliary clearance or malfunction of antibacterial peptides, increased availability of bacterial receptors, reduced ingestion of pathogens by CF cells and impaired defence related to low levels of molecules such as nitric oxide or glutathione. Further work is needed to identify which of these mechanisms is important in the early stages of infection. Once the organisms have gained a foothold in the CF airway they have a wide array of properties that enhance their survival and allow them to evade host defences and antibiotic agents successfully. Conversion to mucoidy and the formation of biofilms are two of the main mechanisms by which this is achieved. Understanding the steps involved in both initial infection and in establishing chronicity may help in the development of new treatment strategies.

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• Journal article
  Uehara Y, Iida T, Ito KJ, Iwami M, Ushioda Set al., 2002,

  Optical observation of single-electron charging effect in metallic particles - art. no. 155408

  , PHYSICAL REVIEW B, Vol: 65, ISSN: 2469-9950
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  • Citations: 7

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