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  • Journal article
    Bidartondo MI, Bruns TD, 2002,

    Fine-level mycorrhizal specificity in the Monotropoideae (Ericaceae): specificity for fungal species groups.

    , Molecular Ecology, Vol: 11, Pages: 557-569, ISSN: 0962-1083

    The Monotropoideae (Ericaceae) are non-photosynthetic angiosperms that obtain fixed carbon from basidiomycete ectomycorrhizal fungi. In previous work, we showed that each plant species is associated with a single genus or a set of closely related genera of ectomycorrhizal fungi. Here we show that the level of specificity is much higher. We used a molecular phylogenetic approach to contrast specificity patterns among eight plant lineages and three fungal genera. We relied on fungal nuclear internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) sequence data obtained from 161 basidiocarps and 85 monotropoid roots representing 286 sampled plants screened using restriction length polymorphisms. From the phylogenetic placement of fungal symbionts in fungal phylograms, we found that three basal (Sarcodes, Pterospora, Pleuricospora) and one derived lineage (Allotropa) of plants target narrow clades of closely related species groups of fungi, and four derived lineages (Monotropa hypopithys species group, Pityopus) target more distant species groups. Within most plant lineages, geography and photobiont association constrain specificity. Specificity extended further in Pterospora andromedea, in which sequence haplotypes at the plastid trn L-F region of 73 plants were significantly associated with different fungal species groups even in sympatry. These results indicate that both the macro- and microevolution of the Monotropoideae are tightly coupled to their mycorrhizal symbionts.
  • Journal article
    Leaves NI, Bhattacharyya S, Wiltshire S, Cookson WOCMet al., 2002,

    A detailed genetic map of the chromosome 7 bronchial hyper-responsiveness locus

    , EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS, Vol: 10, Pages: 177-182, ISSN: 1018-4813
    • Cite
    • Citations: 14
  • Journal article
    Bismarck A, Menner A, Kumru ME, Saraç AS, Bistritz M, Schulz Eet al., 2002,

    Poly(carbazole-co-acrylamide) electrocoated carbon fibers and their adhesion behavior to an epoxy resin matrix

    , JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE, Vol: 37, Pages: 461-471, ISSN: 0022-2461
  • Journal article
    Yu DFQC, Desai SR, 2002,

    Lung complications in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation

    , Imaging, Vol: 14, Pages: 272-277, ISSN: 0965-6812

    • Pulmonary complications are common following bone marrow transplantation. • Infectious complications are the most problematic; aspergillus is the most common fungal pathogen to cause pneumonia and usually occurs in the first 100 days following transplantation. • Pulmonary oedema also occurs early in the post-transplantation period and may be cardiogenic or non-cardiogenic. • Cytomegalovirus pneumonitis tends to occur in the early phase and is associated with high mortality. • The incidence of significant Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia has decreased because of the early institution of prophylactic chemotherapy. • Constrictive obliterative bronchiolitis (a manifestation of chronic graft-versus-host disease in the lungs) can be particularly problematic; there may be severe airflow limitation leading in some patients, to respiratory failure and death. © 2002 The British Institute of Radiology.
  • Journal article
    Chambers RJ, Tibballs J, Shaw AS, Ryan SM, Sidhu PS, Baxter GM, Moss JG, Edwards RD, Yu DFQC, Desai SRet al., 2002,

    Picture quiz

    , Imaging, Vol: 14, ISSN: 0965-6812
  • Journal article
    Cookson W, Moffatt M, 2002,

    Immunological and genetic mechanisms of asthma

    , Annales Nestle, Vol: 60, Pages: 56-65, ISSN: 0517-8606
  • Book chapter
    Willis-Owen SA, 2002,

    Asthma: Genetics.

    , Encyclopedia of Life Sciences (ELS)., Chichester, Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
  • Book chapter
    Zhang Y, Cookson W, 2002,

    Case study of QTL analysis in a mouse model of asthma.

    , Quantitative Trait Loci: Methods and Protocols, Editors: Camp, Cox, Publisher: Springer, Pages: 253-279, ISBN: 978-0-89603-927-8

    Asthma is the most common childhood disease. It is characterized by inflammation of the small airways of the lung that produces intermittent narrowing of the respiratory bronchioles, airflow limitation, and the symptoms of wheezing, chest tightness, and breathless ness. The most common form is allergic asthma, also known as atopic asthma. The atopic state is distinguished by the strength of the immunoglobulin E (IgE) response to commonly inhaled proteins, known as allergens.
  • Journal article
    Bruns TD, Bidartondo MI, 2002,

    Molecular windows into the below-ground interactions of ectomycorrhizal fungi

    , Mycologist, Vol: 16, Pages: 47-50, ISSN: 0269-915X

    Over the past decade the use of molecular techniques has provided new ways to study old questions about how ectomycorrhizal fungi interact with each other and their environment. In their simplest form, these methods enable researchers to identify vegetative stages of fungi that would be difficult, slow, or impossible to identify by morphological or culture-based methods. This has resulted in quantitative views of complex fungal communities, which in turn have revealed new and unexpected patterns in community structure. In addition, molecular methods have been used to identify individual genotypes of fungi. This information has provided insights into the way that particular species of ectomycorrhizal fungi spread in nature. In this article we will mention the basic techniques and briefly discuss some of the findings that have resulted. Advances in this field have recently been comprehensively reviewed for scientific audiences, and we refer readers that have a more technical interest or a need to access the current literature to these reviews (Dahlberg, 2001; Horton & Bruns, 2001).
  • Journal article
    Ito K, Adcock IM, 2002,

    Histone acetylation and histone deacetylation

    , Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology Part B Molecular Biotechnology, Vol: 20, Pages: 99-106, ISSN: 1073-6085

    Regulation of inflammatory gene transcription is controlled, at least in part, by the degree of local unwinding of nucleosomal DNA. This unwinding is regulated by histone acetylation - increased acetylation results in a more loosely wound structure allowing access of basal transcription factors and RNA polymerase II. In contrast hypoacetylation of histones leads to tighter winding of DNA and reduced gene transcription. In this article we describe methods for measuring the histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and deacetylase (HDAC) activity of A549 cells. We initially describe methods examine whole cell HAT and HDAC activities and subsequently describe a technique for examining HAT activity associated with a specific co-activator CBP isolated by immunoprecipitation. These methods can also be applied to protein extracts from primary cells and from biopsy samples.

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