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• Journal article
  RECOVERY Collaborative Group, 2025,

  Molnupiravir or nirmatrelvir-ritonavir plus usual care versus usual care alone in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial.

  , Lancet Infect Dis, Vol: 25, Pages: 1000-1010

  BACKGROUND: Molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir-ritonavir are oral antivirals that have shown efficacy in preventing disease progression in outpatients with COVID-19. We aimed to evaluate these treatments for patients hospitalised with COVID-19 pneumonia, for whom data on these antivirals are scarce. METHODS: The RECOVERY trial is a randomised, controlled, open-label, adaptive platform trial testing treatments for COVID-19. In this study we report the molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir-ritonavir comparisons from the RECOVERY trial. In each comparison, participants aged 18 years and older were randomly allocated (1:1) to the relevant antiviral (5 days of molnupiravir 800 mg twice daily or 300 mg nirmatrelvir and 100 mg ritonavir twice daily) in addition to usual care, or to usual care alone. The molnupiravir comparison was conducted at 75 hospitals in the UK, two in Nepal, and two in Indonesia; the nirmatrelvir-ritonavir comparison was conducted at 32 hospitals in the UK. Participants could take part in both comparisons. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality, and secondary outcomes were time to discharge alive from hospital and progression to invasive ventilation or death. Analysis was by intention to treat. Both comparisons were stopped because of low recruitment. This study is registered with ISRCTN, 50189673, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04381936. FINDINGS: From Jan 24, 2022, to May 24, 2023, 923 participants were recruited to the molnupiravir comparison (445 allocated to molnupiravir and 478 to usual care), and from March 31, 2022, to May 24, 2023, 137 participants were recruited to the nirmatrelvir-ritonavir comparison (68 allocated to nirmatrelvir-ritonavir and 69 to usual care). More than three-quarters of participants were vaccinated and had antispike antibodies at randomisation, and more than two-thirds were receiving other SARS-CoV-2 antivirals. In the molnupiravir comparison, 74 (17%) participants allocated to molnupiravir and 79 (17%) allocated to usual care died w

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• Journal article
  Alkemade JA, Hawkins NJ, Baraldi E, Buddie AG, Cockerton HM, Corkley I, Fraaije BA, Gaya E, Gifford DR, Hartig F, Kanyuka K, Koch A, Sanchez JN, Preston GM, Seidl MF, Spanu PD, Werner BT, Lyu J, Barraclough TGet al., 2025,

  Learning from fungicide resistance: Evolutionary insights to guide RNAi-based control of fungal crop pathogens

  , FUNGAL BIOLOGY REVIEWS, Vol: 53, ISSN: 1749-4613
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  • Citations: 1
• Journal article
  Leavy OC, Goemans AF, Hernandez-Beeftink T, Stockwell AD, Allen RJ, Guillen-Guio B, Adegunsoye A, Booth HL, Fahy WA, Fingerlin TE, Virk HS, Hall IP, Hart SP, Hill MR, Hirani N, Kaminski N, Ma S-F, McAnulty RJ, Sheng XR, Millar AB, Molina-Molina M, Navaratnam V, Neighbors M, Parfrey H, Saini G, Sayers I, Strek ME, Tobin MD, Whyte MKB, Zhang Y, Maher TM, Molyneaux PL, Oldham JM, Yaspan BL, Flores C, Martinez F, Reynolds CJ, Schwartz DA, Noth I, Jenkins RG, Wain LVet al., 2025,

  Sex-specific genetic effects on susceptibility to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

  , ERJ Open Res, Vol: 11, ISSN: 2312-0541

  BACKGROUND: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic lung condition that is more prevalent in males than females. The reasons for this are not fully understood; differing environmental exposures due to historically sex-biased occupations and diagnostic bias are possible explanations. To date, over 20 independent genetic association signals have been reported for IPF susceptibility, but these have been discovered when combining males and females. The objectives of the present study were to assess whether there is a need to consider sex-specific effects when evaluating genetic risk in clinical prediction models for IPF and to test for sex-specific associations with IPF susceptibility. METHODS: We performed a genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-by-sex interaction study meta-analysis of IPF risk in six independent case-control studies comprising 4561 cases (1280 females, 3281 males) and 22 888 controls (8360 females, 14 528 males) of European genetic ancestry. We used polygenic risk scores (PRSs) comprising common (minor allele frequency >1%) autosomal variants to assess differences in genetic risk prediction between males and females. RESULTS: The predictive accuracy of the PRSs were similar between males and females, regardless of whether using combined or sex-specific association results. Three new independent genetic association signals were identified (p<1×10-6). CONCLUSIONS: The predictive accuracy of common autosomal SNP-based PRSs did not vary significantly between males and females. We prioritised three genetic variants whose effect on IPF risk may be modified by sex. These findings would not account for the differences in prevalence between males and females. Future studies should ensure adequate representation of both sexes.

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• Journal article
  Yuen ELH, Savage Z, Prazak V, Liu Z, Adamkova V, King F, Vuolo C, Ibrahim T, Wang Y, Jenkins S, Zhou Y, Tumtas Y, Erickson JL, Prautsch J, Balmez A, Stuttmann J, Duggan C, Rivetti F, Molinari C, Gaboriau DCA, Carella P, Zhuang X, Schattat M, Bozkurt TOet al., 2025,

  Membrane contact sites between chloroplasts and the pathogen interface underpin plant focal immune responses

  , PLANT CELL, Vol: 37, ISSN: 1040-4651
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  • Citations: 2
• Journal article
  Montero-Bullón JF, Martín-González J, Ledesma-Amaro R, Jiménez A, Buey RMet al., 2025,

  Pioneering microbial synthesis of gangliosides in the filamentous fungus Ashbya gossypii

  , Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts, Vol: 18

  Gangliosides are essential glycosphingolipids critical in neurodevelopment and cell signaling. Traditionally sourced from animal tissues, their production raises ethical concerns and faces challenges in scalability and cost. Chemoenzymatic methods have emerged as alternatives but lack flexibility and broad industrial applicability of microbial systems. However, complete microbial biosynthesis remains challenging due to the complexity of reconstructing the biosynthetic pathway in non-native hosts. We report the first successful complete microbial synthesis of gangliosides by engineering the industrial filamentous fungus Ashbya gossypii. Using modular metabolic engineering, we heterologously expressed human and yeast enzymes to reconstruct a functional ganglioside biosynthetic pathway. Pathways for producing activated N-acetylneuraminic acid, lactosylceramide, and sialylated intermediates were integrated, yielding GM3 and GD3 at milligram-per-liter levels. These titers were further enhanced by introducing a heterologous Leloir pathway for galactose metabolism. This work represents a foundational advance in microbial glycoengineering, offering a scalable, animal-free microbial platform for ganglioside production with broad applications.

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• Journal article
  Ryerson CJ, Adegunsoye A, Piciucchi S, Hariri LP, Khor YH, Wijsenbeek MS, Wells AU, Sharma A, Cooper WA, Antoniou K, Borie R, Fabre A, Inoue Y, Johannson K, Johkoh T, Kawana-Dourado L, Kazerooni E, Maher TM, Molyneaux PL, Protti R, Ravaglia C, Renzoni EA, Saito-Koyama R, Sverzellati N, Walsh SLF, Wolters P, Yang S-R, Travis W, Nicholson AGet al., 2025,

  Update of the International Multidisciplinary Classification of the Interstitial Pneumonias: An ERS/ATS Statement.

  , Eur Respir J

  BACKGROUND: The 2013 American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society Statement on the classification of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias described 6 major and 2 rare subtypes of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, as well as recognising unclassifiable disease. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this statement is to update the 2013 classification of interstitial pneumonia. METHODS: Five co-chairs identified a committee of 32 experts in the field as well as two individuals with lived experience. Creation of the document was supported by a series of video meetings, first including the full committee and then subgroups assigned to draft specific sections of the document. The classification scheme was developed by consensus. RESULTS: The multidisciplinary committee of experts identified four major advances to the classification of interstitial pneumonia: (1) expansion beyond idiopathic interstitial pneumonias to also include secondary causes; (2) identification of new subcategories and updated terms, including addition of bronchiolocentric interstitial pneumonia as a major pattern as well as changing from acute interstitial pneumonia to idiopathic diffuse alveolar damage and desquamative interstitial pneumonia to alveolar macrophage pneumonia; (3) subclassification of interstitial and alveolar filling disorders, with interstitial disorders further subclassified as fibrotic versus non-fibrotic; and (4) consideration of diagnostic confidence in patient evaluation and management. The committee also provided a comprehensive update on the status of potential molecular tools and identified future research priorities. CONCLUSIONS: This update builds upon the previous classification approach by describing major advances in the classification of interstitial pneumonia over the last decade.

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• Journal article
  Carty L, Dobra R, Francis J, Puckey M, Bush A, Davies JCet al., 2025,

  Qualitative Experiences and Depression/Anxiety Scores in Parents of Children With Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Related Metabolic Syndrome

  , PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY, Vol: 60, ISSN: 8755-6863
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• Journal article
  Youn T, Ehsan M, Hariharan P, Li X, Moon Y, Ahmed W, Byrne B, Liu X, Guan L, Chae PSet al., 2025,

  Tailoring butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol-based maltosides (BTMs) via group-swapping and detergent unsymmetry: new detergent design strategies for membrane protein studies

  , Journal of Materials Chemistry B, Vol: 13, Pages: 12569-12578, ISSN: 2050-750X

  Membrane proteins are essential bio-macromolecules involved in numerous critical biological processes and serve as therapeutic targets for a wide range of modern pharmaceuticals. Small amphipathic molecules, called detergents or surfactants, are widely used for the isolation and structural characterization of these proteins. A key requirement for such studies is their ability to maintain membrane protein stability in aqueous solution, a task where conventional detergents often fall short. While many new detergents have been developed based on novel molecular scaffolds, comparatively little effort has been made to enhance detergent performance through rational modification of existing structures, largely due to the limited availability of guiding design principles and strategies. In this study, we refined previously developed butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol based maltosides (BTMs), using two structural modification strategies, head/tail group-swapping and the introduction of hydrophobic unsymmetry. The resulting group-swapped (GS)-BTMs exhibited distinctive physical properties compared to the original BTM, including differences in water-solubility (∼7 to >10 wt%), critical aggregation concentration (5 to 15 μM), and self-assembly size (7.6 to 34.2 nm). When evaluated using model membrane proteins, including the human adrenergic receptor (β2AR), symmetric GS-BTMs (e.g., GS-BTM-C11 and GS-BTM-C12) showed superior performance relative to the original BTM-C11 and benchmark detergents (DDM and LMNG). The unsymmetric variants, such as GS-BTM-C14,10 and GS-BTM-C15,9, further improved protein stability. These findings highlight group-swapping and hydrophobic unsymmetry as effective strategies for enhancing detergent performance. This work demonstrates how minimal structural modifications can impact detergent properties and efficacy, providing valuable insights for the development of improved detergents from existing molecular frameworks.

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• Journal article
  Cholsaktrakool P, Kawang K, Sangpiromapichai N, Thongsuk P, Anuntakarun S, Kunadirek P, Chuaypen N, Nilgate S, Kueakulpattana N, Rirerm U, Chatsuwan T, Jauneikaite E, Davies F, Pratanwanich PN, Sriswasdi S, Nilaratanakul Vet al., 2025,

  Inference of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) from a whole genome database outperforming AMR gene detection

  , iScience, Vol: 28, ISSN: 2589-0042

  This study focuses on the rapid detection of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Klebsiella pneumoniae. The "Align-Search-Infer" pipeline aligned query sequences from 24 urine samples against a curated genome database of 40 Klebsiella isolates, searched for the best matches, and inferred their antimicrobial susceptibility. Carbapenem resistance inference achieved 77.3% accuracy (95%CI: 59.8–94.8%) within 10 minutes using whole-genome matching, and 85.7% accuracy (95%CI: 70.7–100.0%) within 1 hour using plasmid matching—both surpassing the 54.2% accuracy (95%CI: 34.2–74.1%) of AMR gene detection at 6 hours. The proposed method requires less bacterial DNA and is suitable for low-load clinical samples. Our small local database performed comparably to large public databases. This study supports the integration of pathogen-specific genome databases into clinical workflows to enable rapid and accurate antimicrobial susceptibility prediction. Further research is needed to validate and refine the method using larger genomic-phenotypic datasets across diverse pathogens and sample types.

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• Journal article
  Sabanadzovic S, Abergel C, Ayllón MA, Botella L, Canuti M, Chiba Y, Claverie J, Coutts RHA, Daghino S, Donaire L, Forgia M, Hejna O, Jia J, Jiang D, Kotta-Loizou I, Krupovic M, Lang AS, Legendre M, Marzano S-YL, Mu F, Neri U, Nerva L, Pénzes J, Poimala A, Rigou S, Sato Y, Shamsi W, Sutela S, Suzuki N, Turina M, Urayama S-I, Vainio EJ, Xie Jet al., 2025,

  Erratum: Summary of taxonomy changes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) from the Fungal and Protist Viruses Subcommittee, 2025

  , Journal of General Virology, Vol: 106, ISSN: 0022-1317
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