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  • Journal article
    Tidd AN, Vermard Y, Marchal P, Pinnegar J, Blanchard JL, Milner-Gulland EJet al., 2015,

    Fishing for Space: Fine-Scale Multi-Sector Maritime Activities Influence Fisher Location Choice

    , PLOS ONE, Vol: 10, ISSN: 1932-6203
  • Journal article
    Didham RK, Barker GM, Bartlam S, Deakin EL, Denmead LH, Fisk LM, Peters JMR, Tylianakis JM, Wright HR, Schipper LAet al., 2015,

    Agricultural Intensification Exacerbates Spillover Effects on Soil Biogeochemistry in Adjacent Forest Remnants

    , PLOS ONE, Vol: 10, ISSN: 1932-6203
  • Journal article
    Gossa C, Fisher M, Milner-Gulland EJ, 2015,

    The research-implementation gap: howpractitioners and researchers from developing countries perceive the role of peer-reviewed literature in conservation science

    , ORYX, Vol: 49, Pages: 80-87, ISSN: 0030-6053
  • Journal article
    Johnson LR, Ben-Horin T, Lafferty KD, McNally A, Mordecai E, Paaijmans KP, Pawar S, Ryan SJet al., 2015,

    Understanding uncertainty in temperature effects on vector-borne disease: a Bayesian approach

    , ECOLOGY, Vol: 96, Pages: 203-213, ISSN: 0012-9658
  • Journal article
    Frost CM, Didham RK, Rand TA, Peralta G, Tylianakis JMet al., 2015,

    Community-level net spillover of natural enemies from managed to natural forest

    , ECOLOGY, Vol: 96, Pages: 193-202, ISSN: 0012-9658
  • Journal article
    Banks-Leite C, Pardini R, Tambosi LR, Pearse WD, Bueno AA, Bruscagin RT, Condez TH, Dixo M, Igari AT, Martensen AC, otherset al., 2015,

    Response to Comment on “Using ecological thresholds to evaluate the costs and benefits of set-asides in a biodiversity hotspot”

    , Science, Vol: 347, Pages: 731-731
  • Journal article
    Gill RJ, Raine NE, 2014,

    Chronic impairment of bumblebee natural foraging behaviour induced by sublethal pesticide exposure

    , Functional Ecology, Vol: 28, Pages: 1459-1471, ISSN: 0269-8463

    Insect pollination is a vital ecosystem service that maintains biodiversity and sustains agricultural crop yields. Social bees are essential insect pollinators, so it is concerning that their populations are in global decline.Although pesticide exposure has been implicated as a possible cause for bee declines, we currently have a limited understanding of the risk these chemicals pose. Whilst environmental exposure to pesticides typically has non‐lethal effects on individual bees, recent reports suggest that sublethal exposure can affect important behavioural traits such as foraging. However, at present, we know comparatively little about how natural foraging behaviour is impaired and the relative impacts of acute and chronic effects.Using Radio‐Frequency Identification (RFID) tagging technology, we examined how the day‐to‐day foraging patterns of bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) were affected when exposed to either a neonicotinoid (imidacloprid) and/or a pyrethroid (λ‐cyhalothrin) independently and in combination over a four‐week period. This is the first study to provide data on the impacts of combined and individual pesticide exposure on the temporal dynamics of foraging behaviour in the field over a prolonged period of time.Our results show that neonicotinoid exposure has both acute and chronic effects on overall foraging activity. Whilst foragers from control colonies improved their pollen foraging performance as they gained experience, the performance of bees exposed to imidacloprid became worse: chronic behavioural impairment. We also found evidence, suggesting that pesticide exposure can change forager preferences for the flower types from which they collect pollen.Our findings highlight the importance of considering prolonged exposure (which happens in the field) when assessing the risk that pesticides pose to bees. The effects of chronic pesticide exposure could have serious detrimental consequences for both colony survival and also the pollination ser
  • Journal article
    Tuck SL, Phillips HRP, Hintzen RE, Scharlemann JPW, Purvis A, Hudson LNet al., 2014,

    MODISTools - downloading and processing MODIS remotely sensed data in R

    , ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION, Vol: 4, Pages: 4658-4668, ISSN: 2045-7758
  • Journal article
    Hudson LN, Newbold T, Contu S, Hill SLL, Lysenko I, De Palma A, Phillips HRP, Senior RA, Bennett DJ, Booth H, Choimes A, Correia DLP, Day J, Echeverria-Londono S, Garon M, Harrison MLK, Ingram DJ, Jung M, Kemp V, Kirkpatrick L, Martin CD, Pan Y, White HJ, Aben J, Abrahamczyk S, Adum GB, Aguilar-Barquero V, Aizen MA, Ancrenaz M, Arbelaez-Cortes E, Armbrecht I, Azhar B, Azpiroz AB, Baeten L, Baldi A, Banks JE, Barlow J, Batary P, Bates AJ, Bayne EM, Beja P, Berg A, Berry NJ, Bicknell JE, Bihn JH, Boehning-Gaese K, Boekhout T, Boutin C, Bouyer J, Brearley FQ, Brito I, Brunet J, Buczkowski G, Buscardo E, Cabra-Garcia J, Calvino-Cancela M, Cameron SA, Cancello EM, Carrijo TF, Carvalho AL, Castro H, Castro-Luna AA, Cerda R, Cerezo A, Chauvat M, Clarke FM, Cleary DFR, Connop SP, D'Aniello B, da Silva PG, Darvill B, Dauber J, Dejean A, Diekoetter T, Dominguez-Haydar Y, Dormann CF, Dumont B, Dures SG, Dynesius M, Edenius L, Elek Z, Entling MH, Farwig N, Fayle TM, Felicioli A, Felton AM, Ficetola GF, Filgueiras BKC, Fonte SJ, Fraser LH, Fukuda D, Furlani D, Ganzhorn JU, Garden JG, Gheler-Costa C, Giordani P, Giordano S, Gottschalk MS, Goulson D, Gove AD, Grogan J, Hanley ME, Hanson T, Hashim NR, Hawes JE, Hebert C, Helden AJ, Henden J-A, Hernandez L, Herzog F, Higuera-Diaz D, Hilje B, Horgan FG, Horvath R, Hylander K, Isaacs-Cubides P, Ishitani M, Jacobs CT, Jaramillo VJ, Jauker B, Jonsell M, Jung TS, Kapoor V, Kati V, Katovai E, Kessler M, Knop E, Kolb A, Koroesi A, Lachat T, Lantschner V, Le Feon V, LeBuhn G, Legare J-P, Letcher SG, Littlewood NA, Lopez-Quintero CA, Louhaichi M, Loevei GL, Lucas-Borja ME, Luja VH, Maeto K, Magura T, Mallari NA, Marin-Spiotta E, Marshall EJP, Martinez E, Mayfield MM, Mikusinski G, Milder JC, Miller JR, Morales CL, Muchane MN, Muchane M, Naidoo R, Nakamura A, Naoe S, Nates-Parra G, Navarrete Gutierrez DA, Neuschulz EL, Noreika N, Norfolk O, Noriega JA, Noeske NM, O'Dea N, Oduro W, Ofori-Boateng C, Oke CO, Osgathorpe LM, Paritsis J, Parra-H Aet al., 2014,

    The PREDICTS database: a global database of how local terrestrial biodiversity responds to human impacts

    , ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION, Vol: 4, Pages: 4701-4735, ISSN: 2045-7758
  • Journal article
    Batsaikhan N, Buuveibaatar B, Chimed B, Enkhtuya O, Galbrakh D, Ganbaatar O, Lkhagvasuren B, Nandintsetseg D, Berger J, Calabrese JM, Edwards AE, Fagan WF, Fuller TK, Heiner M, Ito TY, Kaczensky P, Leimgruber P, Lushchekina A, Milner-Gulland EJ, Mueller T, Murray MG, Olson KA, Reading R, Schaller GB, Stubbe A, Stubbe M, Walzer C, Von Wehrden H, Whitten Tet al., 2014,

    Conserving the World's Finest Grassland Amidst Ambitious National Development

    , CONSERVATION BIOLOGY, Vol: 28, Pages: 1736-1739, ISSN: 0888-8892
  • Journal article
    Clements T, Suon S, Wilkie DS, Milner-Gulland EJet al., 2014,

    Impacts of Protected Areas on Local Livelihoods in Cambodia

    , WORLD DEVELOPMENT, Vol: 64, Pages: S125-S134, ISSN: 0305-750X
  • Journal article
    Ahmed SE, Lees AC, Moura NG, Gardner TA, Barlow J, Ferreira J, Ewers RMet al., 2014,

    Road networks predict human influence on Amazonian bird communities

    , PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, Vol: 281, ISSN: 0962-8452
  • Journal article
    Milner-Gulland EJ, Baillie J, Washington H, Waterman Cet al., 2014,

    A framework for evaluating the effectiveness of conservation attention at the species level

    , Oryx, ISSN: 1365-3008

    It is essential to understand whether conservation interventions are having the desired effect, particularly in light of increasing pressures on biodiversity and because of requirements by donors that project success be demonstrated. Whilst most evaluations look at effectiveness at a project or organizational level, local efforts need to be connected to an understanding of the effectiveness of conservation directed at a species as a whole, particularly as most metrics of conservation success are at the level of species. We present a framework for measuring the effectiveness of conservation attention at a species level over time, based on scoring eight factors essential for species conservation (engaging stakeholders, management programme, education and awareness, funding and resource mobilization, addressing threats, communication, capacity building and status knowledge), across input, output and outcome stages, in relation to the proportion of the species’ range where each factor attains its highest score. The framework was tested using expert elicitation for 35 mammal and amphibian species on the Zoological Society of London's list of Evolutionarily Distinct and Globally Endangered species. Broad patterns in the index produced by the framework could suggest potential mechanisms underlying change in species status. Assigning an uncertainty score to information demonstrates not only where gaps in knowledge exist, but discrepancies in knowledge between experts. This framework could be a useful tool to link local and global scales of impact on species conservation, and could provide a simple and visually appealing way of tracking conservation over time.
  • Journal article
    Carrasco LR, Larrosa C, Milner-Gulland EJ, Edwards DPet al., 2014,

    Tropical crops: cautious optimism Response

    , SCIENCE, Vol: 346, Pages: 928-928, ISSN: 0036-8075
  • Journal article
    Garcia D, Martinez D, Stouffer DB, Tylianakis JMet al., 2014,

    Exotic birds increase generalization and compensate for native bird decline in plant-frugivore assemblages

    , JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY, Vol: 83, Pages: 1441-1450, ISSN: 0021-8790
  • Journal article
    St John FAV, Keane AM, Jones JPG, Milner-Gulland EJet al., 2014,

    Robust study design is as important on the social as it is on the ecological side of applied ecological research

    , Journal of Applied Ecology, ISSN: 1365-2664

    1. The effective management of natural systems often requires resource users to change their behaviour. This has led to many applied ecologists using research tools developed by social scientists. This comes with challenges as ecologists often lack relevant disciplinary training.2. Using an example from the current issue of Journal of Applied Ecology that investigated how conservation interventions influenced conservation outcomes, we discuss the challenges of conducting interdisciplinary science. We illustrate our points using examples from research investigating the role of law enforcement and outreach activities in limiting illegal poaching and the application of the theory of planned behaviour to conservation.3. Synthesis and applications. Interdisciplinary research requires equal rigour to be applied to ecological and social aspects. Researchers with a natural science background need to access expertise and training in the principles of social science research design and methodology, in order to permit a more balanced interdisciplinary understanding of social–ecological systems.
  • Journal article
    Newbold T, Hudson LN, Phillips HRP, Hill SLL, Contu S, Lysenko I, Blandon A, Butchart SHM, Booth HL, Day J, De Palma A, Harrison MLK, Kirkpatrick L, Pynegar E, Robinson A, Simpson J, Mace GM, Scharlemann JPW, Purvis Aet al., 2014,

    A global model of the response of tropical and sub-tropical forest biodiversity to anthropogenic pressures

    , PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, Vol: 281, ISSN: 0962-8452
  • Journal article
    Carrasco LR, Larrosa C, Milner-Gulland EJ, Edwards DPet al., 2014,

    A double-edged sword for tropical forests

    , SCIENCE, Vol: 346, Pages: 38-40, ISSN: 0036-8075
  • Journal article
    Agarwala M, Atkinson G, Fry BP, Homewood K, Mourato S, Rowcliffe JM, Wallace G, Milner-Gulland EJet al., 2014,

    Assessing the Relationship Between Human Well-being and Ecosystem Services: A Review of Frameworks

    , CONSERVATION & SOCIETY, Vol: 12, Pages: 437-449, ISSN: 0972-4923
  • Journal article
    Milner-Gulland EJ, Mcgregor JA, Agarwala M, Atkinson G, Bevan P, Clements T, Daw T, Homewood K, Kumpel N, Lewis J, Mourato S, Fry BP, Redshaw M, Rowcliffe JM, Suon S, Wallace G, Washington H, Wilkie Det al., 2014,

    Accounting for the Impact of Conservation on Human Well-Being

    , CONSERVATION BIOLOGY, Vol: 28, Pages: 1160-1166, ISSN: 0888-8892
  • Journal article
    Powney GD, Preston CD, Purvis A, Van Landuyt W, Roy DBet al., 2014,

    Can trait-based analyses of changes in species distribution be transferred to new geographic areas?

    , GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY, Vol: 23, Pages: 1009-1018, ISSN: 1466-822X
  • Journal article
    Ahmed SE, Ewers RM, Smith MJ, 2014,

    Large scale spatio-temporal patterns of road development in the Amazon rainforest

    , ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION, Vol: 41, Pages: 253-264, ISSN: 0376-8929
  • Journal article
    Banks-Leite C, Pardini R, Tambosi LR, Pearse WD, Bueno AA, Bruscagin RT, Condez TH, Dixo M, Igari AT, Martensen AC, otherset al., 2014,

    Using ecological thresholds to evaluate the costs and benefits of set-asides in a biodiversity hotspot

    , Science, Vol: 345, Pages: 1041-1045, ISSN: 1095-9203

    Ecological set-asides are a promising strategy for conserving biodiversity in human-modified landscapes; however, landowner participation is often precluded by financial constraints. We assessed the ecological benefits and economic costs of paying landowners to set aside private land for restoration. Benefits were calculated from data on nearly 25,000 captures of Brazilian Atlantic Forest vertebrates, and economic costs were estimated for several restoration scenarios and values of payment for ecosystem services. We show that an annual investment equivalent to 6.5% of what Brazil spends on agricultural subsidies would revert species composition and ecological functions across farmlands to levels found inside protected areas, thereby benefiting local people. Hence, efforts to secure the future of this and other biodiversity hotspots may be cost-effective.
  • Journal article
    Milner-Gulland EJ, Bull JW, Milner-Gulland EJ, Suttle KB, Singh NJet al., 2014,

    Comparing biodiversity offset calculation methods with a case study in Uzbekistan

    , Biological Conservation, Vol: 178, Pages: 2-10, ISSN: 0006-3207
  • Journal article
    Harrison SP, Bartlein PJ, Brewer S, Prentice IC, Boyd M, Hessler I, Holmgren K, Izumi K, Willis Ket al., 2014,

    Climate model benchmarking with glacial and mid-Holocene climates

    , CLIMATE DYNAMICS, Vol: 43, Pages: 671-688, ISSN: 0930-7575
  • Journal article
    Tylianakis JM, Binzer A, 2014,

    Effects of global environmental changes on parasitoid-host food webs and biological control

    , BIOLOGICAL CONTROL, Vol: 75, Pages: 77-86, ISSN: 1049-9644
  • Journal article
    Banks-Leite C, Pardini R, Boscolo D, Cassano CR, Puettker T, Barros CS, Barlow Jet al., 2014,

    Assessing the utility of statistical adjustments for imperfect detection in tropical conservation science

    , JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY, Vol: 51, Pages: 849-859, ISSN: 0021-8901
  • Journal article
    Rader R, Bartomeus I, Tylianakis JM, Laliberte Eet al., 2014,

    The winners and losers of land use intensification: pollinator community disassembly is non-random and alters functional diversity

    , DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS, Vol: 20, Pages: 908-917, ISSN: 1366-9516
  • Journal article
    Lakeman-Fraser P, Ewers RM, 2014,

    Untangling interactions: do temperature and habitat fragmentation gradients simultaneously impact biotic relationships?

    , PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, Vol: 281, ISSN: 0962-8452
  • Journal article
    Morfopoulos C, Sperlich D, Penuelas J, Filella I, Llusia J, Medlyn BE, Niinemets U, Possell M, Sun Z, Prentice ICet al., 2014,

    A model of plant isoprene emission based on available reducing power captures responses to atmospheric CO2

    , New Phytologist, Vol: 203, Pages: 125-139, ISSN: 0028-646X

    We present a unifying model for isoprene emission by photosynthesizing leaves based on the hypothesis that isoprene biosynthesis depends on a balance between the supply of photosynthetic reducing power and the demands of carbon fixation.We compared the predictions from our model, as well as from two other widely used models, with measurements of isoprene emission from leaves of Populus nigra and hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × P. tremuloides) in response to changes in leaf internal CO2 concentration (Ci) and photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) under diverse ambient CO2 concentrations (Ca).Our model reproduces the observed changes in isoprene emissions with Ci and PPFD, and also reproduces the tendency for the fraction of fixed carbon allocated to isoprene to increase with increasing PPFD. It also provides a simple mechanism for the previously unexplained decrease in the quantum efficiency of isoprene emission with increasing Ca.Experimental and modelled results support our hypothesis. Our model can reproduce the key features of the observations and has the potential to improve process‐based modelling of isoprene emissions by land vegetation at the ecosystem and global scales.

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