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Citation

BibTex format

@article{Ezzat:2021:10.1007/s00464-021-08569-w,
author = {Ezzat, A and Kogkas, A and Holt, J and Thakkar, R and Darzi, A and Mylonas, G},
doi = {10.1007/s00464-021-08569-w},
journal = {SURGICAL ENDOSCOPY AND OTHER INTERVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES},
pages = {5381--5391},
title = {An eye-tracking based robotic scrub nurse: proof of concept},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00464-021-08569-w},
volume = {35},
year = {2021}
}
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RIS format (EndNote, RefMan)

TY  - JOUR
AB  - BackgroundWithin surgery, assistive robotic devices (ARD) have reported improved patient outcomes. ARD can offer the surgical team a “third hand” to perform wider tasks and more degrees of motion in comparison with conventional laparoscopy. We test an eye-tracking based robotic scrub nurse (RSN) in a simulated operating room based on a novel real-time framework for theatre-wide 3D gaze localization in a mobile fashion.MethodsSurgeons performed segmental resection of pig colon and handsewn end-to-end anastomosis while wearing eye-tracking glasses (ETG) assisted by distributed RGB-D motion sensors. To select instruments, surgeons (ST) fixed their gaze on a screen, initiating the RSN to pick up and transfer the item. Comparison was made between the task with the assistance of a human scrub nurse (HSNt) versus the task with the assistance of robotic and human scrub nurse (R&HSNt). Task load (NASA-TLX), technology acceptance (Van der Laan’s), metric data on performance and team communication were measured.ResultsOverall, 10 ST participated. NASA-TLX feedback for ST on HSNt vs R&HSNt usage revealed no significant difference in mental, physical or temporal demands and no change in task performance. ST reported significantly higher frustration score with R&HSNt. Van der Laan’s scores showed positive usefulness and satisfaction scores in using the RSN. No significant difference in operating time was observed.ConclusionsWe report initial findings of our eye-tracking based RSN. This enables mobile, unrestricted hands-free human–robot interaction intra-operatively. Importantly, this platform is deemed non-inferior to HSNt and accepted by ST and HSN test users.
AU  - Ezzat,A
AU  - Kogkas,A
AU  - Holt,J
AU  - Thakkar,R
AU  - Darzi,A
AU  - Mylonas,G
DO  - 10.1007/s00464-021-08569-w
EP  - 5391
PY  - 2021///
SN  - 0930-2794
SP  - 5381
TI  - An eye-tracking based robotic scrub nurse: proof of concept
T2  - SURGICAL ENDOSCOPY AND OTHER INTERVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00464-021-08569-w
UR  - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000658984900002&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=1ba7043ffcc86c417c072aa74d649202
UR  - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00464-021-08569-w
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/91861
VL  - 35
ER  -
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