Results
- Showing results for:
- Reset all filters
Search results
-
Journal articleCrisan D, Street OD, 2022,
On the analytical aspects of inertial particle motion
, Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, Vol: 516, Pages: 1-30, ISSN: 0022-247XIn their seminal 1983 paper, M. Maxey and J. Riley introduced an equation for the motion of a sphere through a fluid. Since this equation features the Basset history integral, the popularity of this equation has broadened the use of a certain form of fractional differential equation to study inertial particle motion. In this paper, we give a comprehensive theoretical analysis of the Maxey-Riley equation. In particular, we build on previous local in time existence and uniqueness results to prove that solutions of the Maxey-Riley equation are global in time. In doing so, we also prove that the notion of a maximal solution extends to this equation. We furthermore prove conditions under which solutions are differentiable at the initial time. By considering the derivative of the solution with respect to the initial conditions, we perform a sensitivity analysis and demonstrate that two inertial trajectories can not meet, as well as provide a control on the growth of the distance between a pair of inertial particles. The properties we prove here for the Maxey-Riley equations are also possessed, mutatis mutandis, by a broader class of fractional differential equations of a similar form.
-
Journal articlePeng J, Schwalbe-Koda D, Akkiraju K, et al., 2022,
Human- and machine-centred designs of molecules and materials for sustainability and decarbonization
, NATURE REVIEWS MATERIALS, Vol: 7, Pages: 991-1009, ISSN: 2058-8437- Author Web Link
- Cite
- Citations: 17
-
Journal articleLi Y, Tang Y, Toumi R, et al., 2022,
Revisiting the definition of rapid intensification of tropical cyclones by clustering the initial intensity and inner-core size
, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol: 127, ISSN: 2169-8996Rapid intensification (RI) of tropical cyclones (TCs) provides a great challenge in operational forecasting and contributes significantly to the development of major TCs. RI is commonly defined as an increase in the maximum sustained surface wind speed of at least a certain threshold within 24 hr. The most widely used threshold is 30 kt (15.4 m/s), which was determined statistically. Here we propose a new definition for RI by objectively clustering TCs using the intensification rate, initial intensity, and radius of the maximum wind speed (RMW). A group of 770 samples is separated at a threshold of 45 kt (23.2 m/s). The threshold is 40 kt (20.6 m/s) for the western North Atlantic, where TC size measurements are more reliable. Monte Carlo experiments demonstrate that the proposed threshold is robust even considering the uncertainty in RMW of as high as 30 km. We show that, when a TC undergoes RI, its maximum wind speed is approximately 60 ± 15 kt (30.9 ± 7.7 m/s) and the RMW is 45 ± 20 km. The new threshold outperforms the conventional threshold of 30 kt/24 hr in describing the bimodal distribution of lifetime maximum intensity and explaining the annual count of Category 5 TCs. This new definition provides a more physically based threshold and describes a more reliable representation of extreme events. Although more comparisons are needed for operational application, it is likely to be desirable for case-based process studies and could provide a more valuable metric for TC intensification classification and research.
-
ReportJonsson G, Purvis A, 2022,
The interactions between biodiversity and climate change and the actions required to tackle both issues simultaneously and synergistically
, The interactions between biodiversity and climate change and the actions required to tackle both issues simultaneously and synergistically, https://www.imperial.ac.uk/grantham, Publisher: Grantham Institute, 38This briefing paper considers the relationship between the biodiversity and climate crises, the interactions between them, and why an integrated approach is essential to creating a sustainable future where people and planet can thrive.
-
Journal articleSparks N, Toumi R, 2022,
The dependence of tropical cyclone pressure tendency on size
, Geophysical Research Letters, Vol: 49, ISSN: 0094-8276Current theories of tropical cyclone (TC) intensification give little direct indication of the role of the TC size in intensity changes, although there are observations showing a relationship. We develop a new model of TC central pressure tendency where the pressure change can be expressed as exponential with a time constant determined by the ratio of radius maximum wind (Rmax) and the column inflow or outflow speed. An analysis of observations confirms the relationship which becomes more important for a larger pressure tendency and suggests an upper bound on pressure tendency for a given Rmax. The dependence of the pressure tendency on size poses a challenging constraint on the accurate forecasting of TCs in numerical weather prediction and climate models.
-
Journal articleKonstantinoudis G, Cosetta M, Vicedo Cabrera AM, et al., 2022,
Ambient heat exposure and COPD hospitalisations in England: a nationwide case-crossover study during 2007-2018
, Thorax, Vol: 77, Pages: 1098-1104, ISSN: 0040-6376Background: There is emerging evidence suggesting a link between ambient heat exposure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) hospitalisations. Individual and contextual characteristics can affect population vulnerabilities to COPD hospitalisation due to heat exposure. This study quantifies the effect of ambient heat on COPD hospitalisations and examines population vulnerabilities by age, sex and contextual characteristics.Methods: Individual data on COPD hospitalisation at high geographical resolution (postcodes) during 2007–2018 in England was retrieved from the small area health statistics unit. Maximum temperature at 1 km ×1 km resolution was available from the UK Met Office. We employed a case-crossover study design and fitted Bayesian conditional Poisson regression models. We adjusted for relative humidity and national holidays, and examined effect modification by age, sex, green space, average temperature, deprivation and urbanicity.Results: After accounting for confounding, we found 1.47% (95% Credible Interval (CrI) 1.19% to 1.73%) increase in the hospitalisation risk for every 1°C increase in temperatures above 23.2°C (lags 0–2 days). We reported weak evidence of an effect modification by sex and age. We found a strong spatial determinant of the COPD hospitalisation risk due to heat exposure, which was alleviated when we accounted for contextual characteristics. 1851 (95% CrI 1 576 to 2 079) COPD hospitalisations were associated with temperatures above 23.2°C annually.Conclusion: Our study suggests that resources should be allocated to support the public health systems, for instance, through developing or expanding heat-health alerts, to challenge the increasing future heat-related COPD hospitalisation burden.
-
Journal articleChagot L, Quilodran-Casas C, Kalli M, et al., 2022,
Surfactant-laden droplet size prediction in a flow-focusing microchannel: a data-driven approach
, LAB ON A CHIP, Vol: 22, Pages: 3848-3859, ISSN: 1473-0197- Cite
- Citations: 7
-
Journal articleSparks N, Toumi R, 2022,
A physical model of tropical cyclone central pressure filling at landfall
, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol: 79, Pages: 2585-2599, ISSN: 0022-4928We derive a simple physically based analytic model which describes the pressure filling of a tropical cyclone (TC) over land. Starting from the axisymmetric mass continuity equation in cylindrical coordinates we derive that the half-life decay of the pressure deficit between the environmentand TC centre is proportional to the initial radius of maximum surface wind speed. The initial pressure deficit and column-mean radial inflow speed into the core are the other key variables. The assumptions made in deriving the model are validated against idealised numerical simulations of TC decay over land. Decay half-lives predicted from a range of initial TC states are tested against the idealized simulations and are in good agreement. Dry idealised TC decay simulations show that without latent convective heating, the boundary layer decouples from the vortex above leading to a fast decay of surface winds while a mid-level vortex persists.
-
Journal articleLiu F, Gledhill M, Tan Q-G, et al., 2022,
Phycosphere pH of unicellular nano- and micro- phytoplankton cells and consequences for iron speciation
, The ISME Journal: multidisciplinary journal of microbial ecology, Vol: 16, Pages: 2329-2336, ISSN: 1751-7362Surface ocean pH is declining due to anthropogenic atmospheric CO2 uptake with a global decline of ~0.3 possible by 2100. Extracellular pH influences a range of biological processes, including nutrient uptake, calcification and silicification. However, there are poor constraints on how pH levels in the extracellular microenvironment surrounding phytoplankton cells (the phycosphere) differ from bulk seawater. This adds uncertainty to biological impacts of environmental change. Furthermore, previous modelling work suggests that phycosphere pH of small cells is close to bulk seawater, and this has not been experimentally verified. Here we observe under 140 μmol photons·m−2·s−1 the phycosphere pH of Chlamydomonas concordia (5 µm diameter), Emiliania huxleyi (5 µm), Coscinodiscus radiatus (50 µm) and C. wailesii (100 µm) are 0.11 ± 0.07, 0.20 ± 0.09, 0.41 ± 0.04 and 0.15 ± 0.20 (mean ± SD) higher than bulk seawater (pH 8.00), respectively. Thickness of the pH boundary layer of C. wailesii increases from 18 ± 4 to 122 ± 17 µm when bulk seawater pH decreases from 8.00 to 7.78. Phycosphere pH is regulated by photosynthesis and extracellular enzymatic transformation of bicarbonate, as well as being influenced by light intensity and seawater pH and buffering capacity. The pH change alters Fe speciation in the phycosphere, and hence Fe availability to phytoplankton is likely better predicted by the phycosphere, rather than bulk seawater. Overall, the precise quantification of chemical conditions in the phycosphere is crucial for assessing the sensitivity of marine phytoplankton to ongoing ocean acidification and Fe limitation in surface oceans.
-
Journal articleRao RR, Mesa CA, Durrant JR, 2022,
Better together
, NATURE CATALYSIS, Vol: 5, Pages: 844-845, ISSN: 2520-1158 -
ReportCarmichael R, 2022,
Accelerating the transition to heat pumps: measuring real-world performance and enabling peer-to-peer learning - An Energy Futures Lab Briefing Paper
, Accelerating the transition to heat pumps: measuring real-world performance and enabling peer-to-peer learningMajor challenges exist for decarbonising heat in buildings through mass adoption of heat pumps. These include consumer uncertainty and gaps in evidence, data and installer skills. This Energy Futures Lab briefing paper explores in detail the potential impacts and feasibility of one approach to supporting the transition: leveraging early adopters by measuring in-situ heat pump installation outcomes and sharing these as case studies to enable peer-to-peer learning among consumers and installers. Topics discussed include: the role of advice and support in the heat pump adoption customer journey; methods of assessing heat pump and building performance; stakeholder benefits from sharing data; and the context for implementing these recommendations.
-
Journal articleBucyibaruta G, Blangiardo M, Konstantinoudis G, 2022,
Community-level characteristics of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in England: A nationwide cross-sectional study
, European Journal of Epidemiology, Vol: 37, Pages: 1071-1081, ISSN: 0393-2990One year after the start of the COVID-19 vaccination programme in England, more than 43 million people older than 12 years old had received at least a first dose. Nevertheless, geographical differences persist, and vaccine hesitancy is still a major public health concern; understanding its determinants is crucial to managing the COVID-19 pandemic and preparing for future ones. In this cross-sectional population-based study we used cumulative data on the first dose of vaccine received by 01-01-2022 at Middle Super Output Area level in England. We used Bayesian hierarchical spatial models and investigated if the geographical differences in vaccination uptake can be explained by a range of community-level characteristics covering socio-demographics, political view, COVID-19 health risk awareness and targeting of high risk groups and accessibility. Deprivation is the covariate most strongly associated with vaccine uptake (Odds Ratio 0.55, 95%CI 0.54-0.57; most versus least deprived areas). The most ethnically diverse areas have a 38% (95%CI 36-40%) lower odds of vaccine uptake compared with those least diverse. Areas with the highest proportion of population between 12 and 24 years old had lower odds of vaccination (0.87, 95%CI 0.85-0.89). Finally increase in vaccine accessibility is associated with COVID-19 vaccine coverage (OR 1.07, 95%CI 1.03-1.12). Our results suggest that one year after the start of the vaccination programme, there is still evidence of inequalities in uptake, affecting particularly minorities and marginalised groups. Strategies including prioritising active outreach across communities and removing practical barriers and factors that make vaccines less accessible are needed to level up the differences.
-
Journal articlePirkle L, 2022,
Current Understanding of the Impact of Climate Change on Mental Health within UK Parliament
, Frontiers in Public Health Planetary Health, ISSN: 2296-2565 -
Journal articleKotta-Loizou I, 2022,
Molecular origins of transcriptional heterogeneity in diazotrophic Klebsiella oxytoca
, mSystems, Vol: 7, Pages: 1-13, ISSN: 2379-5077Phenotypic heterogeneity in clonal bacterial batch cultures has been shown for a range of bacterial systems; however, the molecular origins of such heterogeneity and its magnitude are not well understood. Under conditions of extreme low-nitrogen stress in the model diazotroph Klebsiella oxytoca, we found remarkably high heterogeneity of nifHDK gene expression, which codes for the structural genes of nitrogenase, one key enzyme of the global nitrogen cycle. This heterogeneity limited the bulk observed nitrogen-fixing capacity of the population. Using dual-probe, single-cell RNA fluorescent in situ hybridization, we correlated nifHDK expression with that of nifLA and glnK-amtB, which code for the main upstream regulatory components. Through stochastic transcription models and mutual information analysis, we revealed likely molecular origins for heterogeneity in nitrogenase expression. In the wild type and regulatory variants, we found that nifHDK transcription was inherently bursty, but we established that noise propagation through signaling was also significant. The regulatory gene glnK had the highest discernible effect on nifHDK variance, while noise from factors outside the regulatory pathway were negligible. Understanding the basis of inherent heterogeneity of nitrogenase expression and its origins can inform biotechnology strategies seeking to enhance biological nitrogen fixation. Finally, we speculate on potential benefits of diazotrophic heterogeneity in natural soil environments.
-
Journal articleLawrance E, Jennings N, Kioupi V, et al., 2022,
Psychological responses, mental health, and sense of agency for the dual challenges of climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic in young people in the UK: an online survey study
, The Lancet Planetary Health, Vol: 6, Pages: e726-e738, ISSN: 2542-5196BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic and climate change are both significant and pressing global challenges, posing threats to public health and wellbeing. Young people are particularly vulnerable to the distress both crises can cause, but understanding of the varied psychological responses to both issues is poor. We aimed to investigate these responses and their links with mental health conditions and feelings of agency.MethodsWe conducted an online survey between Aug 5 and Oct 26, 2020, targeting a diverse sample of young people (aged 16–24 years, n=530) in the UK. The survey was distributed using a combination of a survey panel (panel sample) and direct approaches to youth groups and schools who shared the survey with young people in their networks (community sample). We collected data on respondents’ psychological responses to both climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic, their sense of agency to respond to each crisis, and the range of impacts on their lives. We also collected demographics data and screened for mental health and wellbeing indicators. We used non-parametric tests for most statistical comparisons. For paired samples, we used Wilcoxon's signed-rank test, and used Mann-Whitney U-tests or Kruskal-Wallis tests for two or more independent samples. Summed scale scores were considered as interval-level data and analysed with Student's t tests and ANOVAs. Effect sizes are reported as Cohen's d and partial eta-squared (η·2p), respectively.FindingsAfter excluding 18 suspected bots and 94 incomplete responses, 530 responses were retained for analysis. Of the 518 respondents who provided demographic data, 63% were female, 71·4% were White, and the mean family affluence score was 8·22 (SD 2·29). Most participants (n=343; 70%) did not report a history of diagnosis or treatment for a mental health disorder, but mental health scores indicated a common experience of (relatively mild) symptoms of anxiety, depression, and str
-
Journal articleJiang X, Lefauve A, Dalziel SB, et al., 2022,
The evolution of coherent vortical structures in increasingly turbulent stratified shear layers
, JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS, Vol: 947, ISSN: 0022-1120 -
Journal articleRoberts L, Lounsbury O, Awuzudike V, et al., 2022,
Healthy environments: Understanding perceptions of underrepresented communities in the United Kingdom
, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol: 19, Pages: 1-21, ISSN: 1660-4601A healthy environment has been defined by global health organisations as one that is safe, supportive of healthy lifestyles, and free of hazards. Such definitions disregard the complexity of what it means for an environment to be perceived as ‘healthy’—such as the mental, not just physical, health effects on citizens. This study aimed to understand the attributes that underrepresented groups of the United Kingdom (UK) public assign to healthy environments—an important step for directing public policy and actions to create environments that are inclusive of all citizens. This co-created study involved 95 participants from underrepresented communities in 10 separate focus groups, each facilitated by a community member. Thematic analyses highlighted five key attributes of a healthy environment: sounds and sights, accessibility, safety, familiarity and mental health and wellbeing. This study draws a picture of key attributes underrepresented groups of the UK public assign to healthy environments that is richer than that drawn by existing definitions. These findings illustrate the importance of hearing diverse voices when directing research, policy, and actions that attempt to develop healthy environments for all.
-
Journal articleWang S, Toumi R, 2022,
Author Correction: On the intensity decay of tropical cyclones before landfall.
, Sci Rep, Vol: 12 -
Journal articleLawrance EL, Thompson R, Newberry Le Vay J, et al., 2022,
The Impact of Climate Change on Mental Health and Emotional Wellbeing: A Narrative Review of Current Evidence, and its Implications
, INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY, Vol: 34, Pages: 443-498, ISSN: 0954-0261- Author Web Link
- Cite
- Citations: 19
-
Journal articleYang AJK, Tedford EW, Olsthoorn J, et al., 2022,
Velocity perturbations and Reynolds stresses in Holmboe instabilities
, Physics of Fluids, Vol: 34, ISSN: 1070-6631The velocity perturbations and Reynolds stresses associated with finite-amplitude Holmboe instabilities are investigated using linear stability analysis, numerical simulations, and laboratory experiments. The rightward and leftward propagating Holmboe instabilities are separated, allowing for a direct comparison of the perturbation fields between the numerical simulations and the linear stability analysis. The decomposition and superposition of the perturbation fields provide insights into the structure and origin of Reynolds stresses in Holmboe instabilities. Shear instabilities in stratified flows introduce a directional preference (anisotropy) in velocity perturbation fields, thereby generating Reynolds stresses. Here, we investigate this anisotropy by comparing pairs of horizontal and vertical velocity perturbations (u ′, w ′), obtained from the simulations and the laboratory experiment, with predictions from linear stability analysis. For an individual Holmboe mode, both the simulations and linear theory yield elliptical (u ′, w ′)-pairs that are oriented toward the second and fourth quadrants (u ′ w ′ < 0), corresponding to the tilted elliptical trajectories of particle movement. Combining the leftward and rightward Holmboe modes yields (u ′, w ′) ellipses whose orientation and aspect ratio are phase-dependent. When averaged over a full cycle, the joint probability density functions of (u ′, w ′) in the linear theory and single wavelength simulations exhibit "steering wheel"structures. This steering wheel is smeared out in multiple wavelength simulations and the laboratory experiment due to varying wavelengths, resulting in an elliptical cloud. All of the approaches adopted in the present study yield Reynolds stresses that are comparable to those reported in previous laboratory and field investigations.
-
Journal articleTsui EYL, Toumi R, 2022,
Pacific subsurface temperature as a long‐range indicator of El Niño, regional precipitation, and fire
, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Vol: 148, Pages: 2102-2117, ISSN: 0035-9009The SubNiño4 index based on the subsurface potential temperature around the thermocline beneath the west Pacific warm pool, the Niño 4 region, is examined as a long-range indicator of the surface El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and ENSO-driven atmospheric response. The SubNiño4 index captures the evolution of subsurface ocean heat content between the El Niño and La Niña phases of the ENSO cycle, allowing it to serve as a long-range indicator of surface ENSO and hence also many ENSO-driven atmospheric anomalies. The SubNiño4 index has more temporally stable correlations with Niño 3.4 than the widely used western equatorial Pacific warm-water volume indicator. For a lead time of the order of 12 months, Niño 3.4 correlations afforded by the lead observed SubNiño4 index become similar to and can exceed those produced by typical dynamical ENSO predictions. The value and viability of the SubNiño4 index as a simple statistical long-range indicator of ENSO-driven atmospheric response is shown for regional precipitation anomalies throughout the Tropics and fires in Continental and Maritime Southeast Asia.
-
Journal articleGangopadhyay A, Seshadri AK, Sparks NJ, et al., 2022,
The role of wind-solar hybrid plants in mitigating renewable energy-droughts
, Renewable Energy, Vol: 194, Pages: 926-937, ISSN: 0960-1481Increasing the share of weather-dependent renewables in the electricity grid is essential to deeply decarbonize the electricity system. Wind and solar “droughts” or low generation days can severely impact grid stability in a renewable-rich grid. This paper analyzes for the first time wind, solar, and hybrid energy-droughts in India using a stochastic weather generator. Available literature analyze the observational data that is of limited duration (30–40 years). Therefore, discussion of low-probability high-impact renewable energy-droughts that have long return periods (in the range of 30 years) is limited in the literature. The present study seeks to address this research gap by exploring the risk of wind, solar, and wind-solar powered energy-droughts based on simulated long time series (5000 years). It is found that the weather generator captures mean, seasonality, and correlation between wind speed and solar irradiance and is therefore used to estimate return periods of extreme wind and solar-droughts. Our analysis shows that wind-droughts are more intense than solar-droughts in India. We examine the role that wind-solar hybridization can play in offsetting low wind energy episodes. The benefits of hybridization are regionally dependent. In South India, hybrid plants have advantages over either wind or solar plants alone. In comparison, for Rajasthan, the benefits of hybridization are limited. When one of the regions (South India or Rajasthan) has a renewable drought, the other region has only a 10% probability of having a similar drought. Our findings highlight the need for having robust inter-regional grid connections to mitigate regional level renewable droughts.
-
Journal articleMazzei A, Konstantinoudis G, Kreis C, et al., 2022,
Childhood cancer and residential proximity to petrol stations: a nationwide registry-based case-control study in Switzerland and an updated meta-analysis
, INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, Vol: 95, Pages: 927-938, ISSN: 0340-0131- Author Web Link
- Cite
- Citations: 2
-
Journal articleXu H, Tian Z, Sun L, et al., 2022,
Compound flood impact of water level and rainfall during tropical cyclone periods in a coastal city: the case of Shanghai
, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, Vol: 22, Pages: 2347-2358, ISSN: 1561-8633Compound flooding is generated when two or more flood drivers occur simultaneously or in close succession. Multiple drivers can amplify each other and lead to greater impacts than when they occur in isolation. A better understanding of the interdependence between flood drivers would facilitate a more accurate assessment of compound flood risk in coastal regions. This study employed the D-Flow Flexible Mesh model to simulate the historical peak coastal water level, consisting of the storm surge, astronomical tide, and relative sea level rise (RSLR), in Shanghai over the period 1961–2018. It then applies a copula-based methodology to calculate the joint probability of peak water level and rainfall during historical tropical cyclones (TCs) and to calculate the marginal contribution of each driver. The results indicate that the astronomical tide is the leading driver of peak water level, followed by the contribution of the storm surge. In the longer term, the RSLR has significantly amplified the peak water level. This study investigates the dependency of compound flood events in Shanghai on multiple drivers, which helps us to better understand compound floods and provides scientific references for flood risk management and for further studies. The framework developed in this study could be applied to other coastal cities that face the same constraint of unavailable water level records.
-
Journal articleCheng S, Jin Y, Harrison SP, et al., 2022,
Parameter flexible wildfire prediction using machine learning techniques:forward and inverse modelling
, Remote Sensing, ISSN: 2072-4292 -
Journal articleWang S, Toumi R, 2022,
An analytic model of the tropical cyclone outer size
, npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, Vol: 5, ISSN: 2397-3722There are simple conceptual models of tropical cyclone intensification and potential intensity. However, such a framework has been lacking to describe the evolution of the outer circulation. An analytic growth model of the tropical cyclone outer size is derived from the angular momentum equation. The growth model fits a full-physics idealized tropical cyclone simulation. The lifecycle composite of the best-track outer size growth shows a strong super-linear nature, which supports an exponential growth as predicted by the growth model. The climatology of outer size growth measured by the radius of gale-force wind in the North Atlantic and Eastern Pacific during the period 2004–2017, can be understood in terms of four growth factors of the model: the initial size, the growth duration, the mean growth latitude, and the mean top-of-boundary-layer effective local inflow angle. All four variables are significantly different between the two basins. The observed lifetime maximum size follows a lognormal distribution, which is in line with the law of the proportionate effect of this exponential growth model. The growth model fits the observed outer size well in global basins. The time constant of the exponential size growth is approximately equal to the product of the Coriolis parameter and the mean effective inflow angle above the boundary layer. Further sensitivity experiments with the growth model suggest that the interannual variability of the global lifetime maximum size is largely driven by the variation of growth duration.
-
Journal articleLok CCF, Chan JCL, Toumi R, 2022,
Importance of air-sea coupling in simulating tropical cyclone intensity at landfall
, Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, Vol: 39, Pages: 1777-1786, ISSN: 0256-1530An atmosphere-only model system for making seasonal prediction and projecting future intensities of landfalling tropical cyclones (TCs) along the South China coast is upgraded by including ocean and wave models. A total of 642 TCs have been re-simulated using the new system to produce a climatology of TC intensity in the South China Sea. Detailed comparisons of the simulations from the atmosphere-only and the fully coupled systems reveal that the inclusion of the additional ocean and wave models enable differential sea surface temperature responses to various TC characteristics such as translational speed and size. In particular, interaction with the ocean does not necessarily imply a weakening of the TC, with the coastal bathymetry possibly playing a role in causing a near-shore intensification of the TC. These results suggest that to simulate the evolution of TC structure more accurately, it is essential to use an air-sea coupled model instead of an atmosphere-only model.
-
ReportTeng F, Chhachhi SAURAB, Ge PUDONG, et al., 2022,
Balancing privacy and access to smart meter data: an Energy Futures Lab briefing paper
Digitalising the energy system is expected to be a vital component of achieving the UK’s climate change targets. Smart meter data, in particular, is seen a key enabler of the transition to more dynamic, cost-effective, cost-reflective, and decarbonised electricity. However, access to this data faces a challenge due to consumer privacy concerns. This Briefing Paper investigates four key elements of smart meter data privacy: existing data protection regulations; the personal information embedded within smart meter data; consumer privacy concerns; and privacy-preserving techniques that could be incorporated alongside existing mechanisms to minimise or eliminate potential privacy infringements.
-
Journal articleGangopadhyay A, Sparks NJ, Toumi R, et al., 2022,
Risk assessment of wind droughts over India
, Current Science, Vol: 122, Pages: 1145-1153, ISSN: 0011-3891Wind power growth makes it essential to simulateweather variability and its impacts on the electricitygrid. Low-probability, high-impact weather events suchas a wind drought are important but difficult to identify based on limited historical datasets. A stochasticweather generator, Imperial College Weather Generator (IMAGE), is employed to identify extreme eventsthrough long-period simulations. IMAGE capturesmean, spatial correlation and seasonality in wind speedand estimates return periods of extreme wind eventsover India. Simulations show that when Rajasthan experiences wind drought, southern India continues tohave wind, and vice versa. Regional grid-scale winddroughts could be avoided if grids are strongly interconnected across the country.
-
Journal articleBozal-Ginesta C, Rao RR, Mesa CA, et al., 2022,
Spectroelectrochemistry of Water Oxidation Kinetics in Molecularversus Heterogeneous Oxide Iridium Electrocatalysts
, JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Vol: 144, Pages: 8454-8459, ISSN: 0002-7863- Author Web Link
- Cite
- Citations: 12
This data is extracted from the Web of Science and reproduced under a licence from Thomson Reuters. You may not copy or re-distribute this data in whole or in part without the written consent of the Science business of Thomson Reuters.
View publications by:
Topic
Climate Science
Earth and Life Sciences
Energy and Low-Carbon Futures
Resources and Pollution
Economics and Finance
Health
View all publications and browse by year
Publication type
Briefing papers and Briefing notes
Grantham Institute Outlooks
Evidence & submission papers
Infographics