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Journal articleChambon CL, Verdía P, Fennell PS, et al., 2021,
Process intensification of the ionoSolv pretreatment: effects of biomass loading, particle size and scale-up from 10 mL to 1 L
, Scientific Reports, Vol: 11, Pages: 1-15, ISSN: 2045-2322The ionoSolv process is one of the most promising technologies for biomass pretreatment in a biorefinery context. In order to evaluate the transition of the ionoSolv pretreatment of biomass from bench-scale experiments to commercial scale, there is a need to get better insight in process intensification. In this work, the effects of biomass loading, particle size, pulp washing protocols and 100-fold scale up for the pretreatment of the grassy biomass Miscanthus giganteus with the IL triethylammonium hydrogen sulfate, [TEA][HSO4], are presented as a necessary step in that direction. At the bench scale, increasing biomass loading from 10 to 50 wt% reduced glucose yields from 68 to 23% due to re-precipitation of lignin onto the pulp surface. Omitting the pulp air-drying step maintained saccharification yields at 66% at 50 wt% loading due to reduced fiber hornification. 100-fold scale-up (from 10 mL to 1 L) improved the efficacy of ionoSolv pretreatment and increasing loadings from 10 to 20 wt% reduced lignin reprecipitation and led to higher glucose yields due to the improved heat and mass transfer caused by efficient slurry mixing in the reactor. Pretreatment of particle sizes of 1–3 mm was more effective than fine powders (0.18–0.85 mm) giving higher glucose yields due to reduced surface area available for lignin re-precipitation while reducing grinding energy needs. Stirred ionoSolv pretreatment showed great potential for industrialization and further process intensification after optimization of the pretreatment conditions (temperature, residence time, stirring speed), particle size and biomass loading. Pulp washing protocols need further improvement to reduce the incidence of lignin precipitation and the water requirements of lignin washing.
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Journal articleHennequin LM, Tan S-Y, Jensen E, et al., 2021,
Combining phytoremediation and biorefinery: Metal extraction from lead contaminated Miscanthus during pretreatment using the ionoSolv process
, INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS, Vol: 176, ISSN: 0926-6690 -
Journal articleAbouelela AR, Al Ghatta A, Verdia P, et al., 2021,
Evaluating the Role of Water as a Cosolvent and an Antisolvent in [HSO<sub>4</sub>]-Based Protic Ionic Liquid Pretreatment
, ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING, Vol: 9, Pages: 10524-10536, ISSN: 2168-0485- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 37
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Journal articleUpcraft T, Tu W-C, Johnson R, et al., 2021,
Protein from renewable resources: mycoprotein production from agricultural residues
, GREEN CHEMISTRY, Vol: 23, Pages: 5150-5165, ISSN: 1463-9262- Cite
- Citations: 76
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Journal articleShmool TA, Martin LK, Bui-Le L, et al., 2021,
An experimental approach probing the conformational transitions and energy landscape of antibodies: a glimmer of hope for reviving lost therapeutic candidates using ionic liquid
, Chemical Science, Vol: 12, Pages: 9528-9545, ISSN: 2041-6520Understanding protein folding in different environmental conditions is fundamentally important for predicting protein structures and developing innovative antibody formulations. While the thermodynamics and kinetics of folding and unfolding have been extensively studied by computational methods, experimental methods for determining antibody conformational transition pathways are lacking. Motivated to fill this gap, we prepared a series of unique formulations containing a high concentration of a chimeric immunoglobin G4 (IgG4) antibody with different excipients in the presence and absence of the ionic liquid (IL) choline dihydrogen phosphate. We determined the effects of different excipients and IL on protein thermal and structural stability by performing variable temperature circular dichroism and bio-layer interferometry analyses. To further rationalise the observations of conformational changes with temperature, we carried out molecular dynamics simulations on a single antibody binding fragment from IgG4 in the different formulations, at low and high temperatures. We developed a methodology to study the conformational transitions and associated thermodynamics of biomolecules, and we showed IL-induced conformational transitions. We showed that the increased propensity for conformational change was driven by preferential binding of the dihydrogen phosphate anion to the antibody fragment. Finally, we found that a formulation containing IL with sugar, amino acids and surfactant is a promising candidate for stabilising proteins against conformational destabilisation and aggregation. We hope that ultimately, we can help in the quest to understand the molecular basis of the stability of antibodies and protein misfolding phenomena and offer new candidate formulations with the potential to revive lost therapeutic candidates.
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Journal articleAsim AM, Uroos M, Muhammad N, et al., 2021,
Production of Food-Grade Glucose from Rice and Wheat Residues Using a Biocompatible Ionic Liquid
, ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING, Vol: 9, Pages: 8080-8089, ISSN: 2168-0485- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 17
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Journal articleMuazzam R, Asim AM, Uroos M, et al., 2021,
Evaluating the potential of a novel hardwood biomass using a superbase ionic liquid
, RSC ADVANCES, Vol: 11, Pages: 19095-19105- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 15
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Journal articleHennequin L, Sas E, Frémont A, et al., 2021,
Biorefinery potential of sustainable municipal wastewater treatment using fast-growing willow
, Science of the Total Environment, ISSN: 0048-9697 -
Journal articleHallett J, 2021,
Rhododendron and Japanese Knotweed: invasive species as innovative crops for second generation biofuels
, RSC Advances: an international journal to further the chemical sciences, Vol: 11, Pages: 18395-18403, ISSN: 2046-2069We investigated the potential of two terrestrial biomass invasive species in the United-Kingdom as lignocellulosic biofuel feedstocks: Japanese Knotweed (Fallopia japonica) and Rhododendron (Rhododendron ponticum). We demonstrate that a pretreatment technique using a low-cost protic ionic liquid, the ionoSolv process, can be used for such types of plant species considered as waste, to allow their integration into a biorefinery. N,N,N-Dimethylbutylammonium hydrogen sulfate ([DMBA][HSO4]) was able to fractionate the biomass into a cellulose-rich pulp and a lignin stream at high temperatures (150–170 °C) and short reaction times (15–60 minutes). More than 70–80% of the subsequent cellulose was hydrolysed into fermentable sugars, which were fermented into the renewable energy vector bioethanol.
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Journal articleClarke CJ, Morgan PJ, Hallett JP, et al., 2021,
Linking the the Thermal and Electronic Properties of Functional Dicationic Salts with their Molecular Structures
, ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING, Vol: 9, Pages: 6224-6234, ISSN: 2168-0485- Cite
- Citations: 8
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