@article{Rein:2015:10.1002/fam.2293,
author = {Rein, G and Jervis, FX},
doi = {10.1002/fam.2293},
journal = {Fire and Materials},
pages = {385--395},
title = {Experimental study on the burning behaviour of Pinus halepensis needles using small-scale fire calorimetry of live, aged and dead samples},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.2293},
volume = {40},
year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
AB  - Limited research has been conducted on the burning characteristics of live fuels, which are commonly assumed to behave like moist dead fuels. We use small-scale laboratory calorimetric experiments to investigate the differences in fire dynamics between live and dead Pinus halepensis needles. The study includes laboratory-aged samples and different moisture conditions (fresh or oven dry). A series of ten fire behaviour parameters are extracted from the measurements to identify and quantify differences. The main parameters are the following: time to ignition; flaming time; mass loss pre-ignition, during flaming, and during smouldering; peak power; effective heat of combustion; mean and peak CO/CO2; and radiative fraction. Using these parameters, we show that the most flammable samples are fresh dead and aged needles, followed by dry dead and dry live needles. The least flammable is fresh live needles. Live needles ignite about four times slower, and burn with ~60% lower power and ~50% lower heat of combustion than dead needles. Aged needles resemble most closely the behaviour of dead needles, but many fire behaviour parameters were significantly different. The results confirm the importance of moisture content in the burning behaviour of pine needles, but the differences between live and dead samples cannot be explained solely in terms of moisture but require consideration of plant chemistry and sample drying.
AU  - Rein,G
AU  - Jervis,FX
DO  - 10.1002/fam.2293
EP  - 395
PY  - 2015///
SN  - 1099-1018
SP  - 385
TI  - Experimental study on the burning behaviour of Pinus halepensis needles using small-scale fire calorimetry of live, aged and dead samples
T2  - Fire and Materials
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.2293
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/19199
VL  - 40
ER  - 

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