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  • Journal article
    Abbiendi G, Ackerstaff K, Alexander G, Allison J, Altekamp N, Anderson KJ, Anderson S, Arcelli S, Asai S, Ashby SF, Axen D, Azuelos G, Ball AH, Barberio E, Barlow RJ, Bartoldus R, Batley JR, Baumann S, Bechtluft J, Behnke T, Bell KW, Bella G, Bellerive A, Bentvelsen S, Bethke S, Betts S, Biebel O, Biguzzi A, Bird SD, Blobel V, Bloodworth IJ, Bock P, Böhme J, Bonacorsi D, Boutemeur M, Braibant S, Bright-Thomas P, Brigliadori L, Brown RM, Burckhart HJ, Capiluppi P, Carnegie RK, Carter AA, Carter JR, Chang CY, Charlton DG, Chrisman D, Ciocca C, Clarke PEL, Clay E, Cohen I, Conboy JE, Cooke OC, Couyoumtzelis C, Coxe RL, Cuffiani M, Dado S, Dallavalle GM, Davis R, De Jong S, de Roeck A, Dervan P, Desch K, Dienes B, Dixit MS, Dubbert J, Duchovni E, Duckeck G, Duerdoth IP, Eatough D, Estabrooks PG, Etzion E, Fabbri F, Fanti M, Faust AA, Fiedler F, Fierro M, Fleck I, Folman R, Fürtjes A, Futyan DI, Gagnon P, Gary JW, Gascon J, Gascon-Shotkin SM, Gaycken G, Geich-Gimbel C, Giacomelli G, Giacomelli P, Gibson V, Gibson WR, Gingrich DM, Glenzinski D, Goldberg J, Gorn W, Grandi C, Graham K, Gross E, Grunhaus J, Gruwé M, Hanson GG, Hansroul M, Hapke M, Harder K, Harel A, Hargrove CK, Hartmann C, Hauschild M, Hawkes CM, Hawkings R, Hemingway RJ, Herndon M, Herten G, Heuer RD, Hildreth MD, Hill JC, Hobson PR, Hoch M, Hocker A, Hoffman K, Homer RJ, Honma AK, Horváth D, Hossain KR, Howard R, Hüntemeyer P, Igo-Kemenes P, Imrie DC, Ishii K, Jacob FR, Jawahery A, Jeremie H, Jimack M, Jones CR, Jovanovic P, Junk TR, Karlen D, Kartvelishvili V, Kawagoe K, Kawamoto T, Kayal PI, Keeler RK, Kellogg RG, Kennedy BW, Kim DH, Klier A, Kluth S, Kobayashi T, Kobel M, Koetke DS, Kokott TP, Kolrep M, Komamiya S, Kowalewski RV, Kress T, Krieger P, von Krogh J, Kuhl T, Kyberd P, Lafferty GD, Landsman H, Lanske D, Lauber J, Lautenschlager SR, Lawson I, Layter JG, Lazic D, Lee AM, Lellouch D, Letts J, Levinson L, Liebisch R, List B, Littlewood C, Lloyd AW, Lloyd SL, Loebinger FK, Long GD, Losty MJ, Ludwet al., 1999,

    Search for baryon and lepton number violating Z<SUP>0</SUP> decays

    , PHYSICS LETTERS B, Vol: 447, Pages: 157-166, ISSN: 0370-2693
  • Journal article
    Abbiendi G, Ackerstaff K, Alexander G, Allison J, Altekamp N, Anderson KJ, Anderson S, Arcelli S, Asai S, Ashby SF, Axen D, Azuelos G, Ball AH, Barberio E, Barlow RJ, Bartoldus R, Batley JR, Baumann S, Bechtluft J, Behnke T, Bell KW, Bella G, Bellerive A, Bentvelsen S, Bethke S, Betts S, Biebel O, Biguzzi A, Bird SD, Blobel V, Bloodworth IJ, Bock P, Böhme J, Bonacorsi D, Boutemeur M, Braibant S, Bright-Thomas P, Brigliadori L, Brown RM, Burckhart HJ, Capiluppi P, Carnegie RK, Carter AA, Carter JR, Chang CY, Charlton DG, Chrisman D, Ciocca C, Clarke PEL, Clay E, Cohen I, Conboy JE, Cooke OC, Couyoumtzelis C, Coxe RL, Cuffiani M, Dado S, Dallavalle GM, Davis R, De Jong S, de Roeck A, Dervan P, Desch K, Dienes B, Dixit MS, Dubbert J, Duchovni E, Duckeck G, Duerdoth IP, Eatough D, Estabrooks PG, Etzion E, Fabbri F, Fanti F, Faust AA, Fiedler F, Fierro M, Fleck I, Folman R, Fürtjes A, Futyan DI, Gagnon P, Gary JW, Gascon J, Gascon-Shotkin SM, Gaycken G, Geich-Gimbel C, Giacomelli G, Giacomelli P, Gibson V, Gibson WR, Gingrich DM, Glenzinski D, Goldberg J, Gorn W, Grandi C, Graham K, Gross E, Grunhaus J, Gruwé M, Hanson GG, Hansroul M, Hapke M, Harder K, Harel A, Hargrove CK, Hartmann C, Hauschild M, Hawkes CM, Hawkings R, Hemingway RJ, Herndon M, Herten G, Heuer RD, Hildreth MD, Hill JC, Hobson PR, Hoch M, Hocker A, Hoffman K, Homer RJ, Honma AK, Horváth D, Hossain KR, Howard R, Hüntemeyer P, Igo-Kemenes P, Imrie DC, Ishii K, Jacob FR, Jawahery A, Jeremie H, Jimack M, Jones CR, Jovanovic P, Junk TR, Karlen D, Kartvelishvili V, Kawagoe K, Kawamoto T, Kayal PI, Keeler RK, Kellogg RG, Kennedy BW, Kim DH, Klier A, Kluth S, Kobayashi T, Kobel M, Koetke DS, Kokott TP, Kolrep M, Komamiya S, Kowalewski RV, Kress T, Krieger P, von Krogh J, Kuhl T, Kyberd P, Lafferty GD, Landsman H, Lanske D, Lauber J, Lautenschlager SR, Lawson I, Layter JG, Lazic D, Lee AM, Lellouch D, Letts J, Levinson L, Liebisch R, List B, Littlewood C, Lloyd AW, Lloyd SL, Loebinger FK, Long GD, Losty MJ, Ludwet al., 1999,

    A measurement of the τ<SUP>-</SUP>→e<SUP>-</SUP>(ν)over-bar<sub>e</sub>ν<sub>τ</sub> branching ratio

    , PHYSICS LETTERS B, Vol: 447, Pages: 134-146, ISSN: 0370-2693
  • Journal article
    Acciarri M, Adriani O, Aguilar-Benitez M, Ahlen S, Alcaraz J, Alemanni G, Allaby J, Aloisio A, Alviggi MG, Ambrosi G, Anderhub H, Andreev VP, Angelescu T, Anselmo F, Arefiev A, Azemoon T, Aziz T, Bagnaia P, Baksay L, Banerjee S, Banerjee S, Banicz K, Barczyk A, Barillère R, Barone L, Bartalini P, Baschirotto A, Basile M, Battiston R, Bay A, Becattini F, Becker U, Behner F, Berdugo J, Berges P, Bertucci B, Betev BL, Bhattacharya S, Biasini M, Biland A, Bilei GM, Blaising JJ, Blyth SC, Bobbink GJ, Bock R, Böhm A, Boldizsar L, Borgia B, Bourilkov D, Bourquin M, Braccini S, Branson JG, Brigljevic V, Brock IC, Buffini A, Buijs A, Burger JD, Burger WJ, Busenitz J, Button A, Cai XD, Campanelli M, Capell M, Romeo GC, Carlino G, Cartacci AM, Casaus J, Castellini G, Cavallari F, Cavallo N, Cecchi C, Cerrada M, Cesaroni F, Chamizo M, Chang YH, Chaturvedi UK, Chemarin M, Chen A, Chen G, Chen GM, Chen HF, Chen HS, Chereau X, Chiefari G, Chien CY, Cifarelli L, Cindolo F, Civinini C, Clare I, Clare R, Coignet G, Colijn AP, Colino N, Costantini S, Cotorobai F, de la Cruz B, Csilling A, Dai TS, D'Alessandro R, de Asmundis R, Degré A, Deiters K, della Volpe D, Denes P, DeNotaristefani F, Diemoz M, van Dierendonck D, Di Lodovico F, Dionisi C, Dittmar M, Dominguez A, Doria A, Dova MT, Duchesneau D, Duinker P, Duran I, Easo S, El Mamouni H, Engler A, Eppling FJ, Erné FC, Extermann P, Fabre M, Faccini R, Falagan MA, Falciano S, Favara A, Fay J, Fedin O, Felcini M, Ferguson T, Ferroni F, Fesefeldt H, Fiandrini E, Field JH, Filthaut F, Fisher PH, Fisk I, Forconi G, Fredj L, Freudenreich K, Furetta C, Galaktionov Y, Ganguli SN, Garcia-Abia P, Gataullin M, Gau SS, Gentile S, Gheordanescu N, Giagu S, Goldfarb S, Goldstein J, Gong ZF, Gougas A, Gratta G, Gruenewald MW, van Gulik R, Gupta VK, Gurtu A, Gutay LJ, Haas D, Hartmann B, Hasan A, Hatzifotiadou D, Hebbeker T, Hervé A, Hidas P, Hirschfelder J, van Hoek WC, Hofer H, Hoorani H, Hou SR, Hu G, Iashvili I, Jin BN, Jones LW, de Jong P, Josa-Met al., 1999,

    Search for charged Higgs bosons in e<SUP>+</SUP>e<SUP>-</SUP> collisions at centre-of-mass energies between 130 and 183 GeV

    , PHYSICS LETTERS B, Vol: 446, Pages: 368-377, ISSN: 0370-2693
  • Journal article
    Abreu P, Adam W, Adye T, Adzic P, Aldeweireld T, Alekseev GD, Alemany R, Allmendinger T, Allport PP, Almehed S, Amaldi U, Amato S, Anassontzis EG, Andersson P, Andreazza A, Andringa S, Antilogus P, Apel WD, Arnoud Y, Åsman B, Augustin JE, Augustinus A, Baillon P, Bambade P, Barao F, Barbiellini G, Barbier R, Bardin DY, Barker G, Baroncelli A, Battaglia M, Baubillier M, Becks KH, Begalli M, Beilliere P, Belokopytov Y, Benvenuti AC, Berat C, Berggren M, Bertini D, Bertrand D, Besancon M, Bianchi F, Bigi M, Bilenky MS, Bizouard MA, Bloch D, Blom HM, Bonesini M, Bonivento W, Boonekamp M, Booth PSL, Borgland AW, Borisov G, Bosio C, Botner O, Boudinov E, Bouquet B, Bourdarios C, Bowcock TJV, Boyko I, Bozovic I, Bozzo M, Branchini P, Brenke T, Brenner RA, Bruckman P, Brunet JM, Bugge L, Buran T, Burgsmueller T, Buschmann P, Cabrera S, Caccia M, Calvi M, Rozas AJC, Camporesi T, Canale V, Carena F, Carroll L, Caso C, Gimenez MVC, Cattai A, Cavallo FR, Chabaud V, Chapkin M, Charpentier P, Chaussard L, Checchia P, Chelkov GA, Chierici R, Chliapnikov P, Chochula P, Chorowicz V, Chudoba J, Collins P, Contri R, Cortina E, Cosme G, Cossutti F, Crawley HB, Crennell D, Crosetti G, Maestro JC, Czellar S, Damgaard G, Davenport M, Da Silva W, Deghorain A, Della Ricca G, Delpierre P, Demaria N, De Angelis A, De Boer W, De Brabandere S, De Clercq C, De Lotto B, De Min A, De Paula L, Dijkstra H, Di Ciaccio L, Dolbeau J, Doroba K, Dracos M, Drees J, Dris M, Duperrin A, Eigen G, Ekelof T, Ekspong G, Ellert M, Elsing M, Engel JP, Erzen B, Santo ME, Falk E, Fanourakis G, Fassouliotis D, Fayot J, Feindt M, Fenyuk A, Ferrari P, Ferrer A, Ferrer-Ribas E, Fichet S, Firestone A, Fischer PA, Flagmeyer U, Foeth H, Fokitis E, Fontanelli F, Franek B, Frodesen AG, Fruhwirth R, Fulda-Quenzer F, Fuster J, Galloni A, Gamba D, Gamblin S, Gandelman M, Garcia C, Garcia J, Gaspar C, Gaspar M, Gasparini U, Gavillet P, Gazis EN, Gele D, Gerdyukov L, Ghodbane N, Gil I, Glege F, Gokieli R, Golob B, Gomez-Ceballoset al., 1999,

    Search for Leptoquarks and FCNC in <i>e</i><i><SUP>+</SUP></i><SUP>e</SUP><SUP>-</SUP> annihilations √<i>s</i> = 183 GeV

    , PHYSICS LETTERS B, Vol: 446, Pages: 62-74, ISSN: 0370-2693
  • Journal article
    Abreu P, Adam W, Adye T, Adzic P, Ajinenko I, Aldeweireld T, Alekseev GD, Alemany R, Allmendinger T, Allport PP, Almehed S, Amaldi U, Amato S, Anassontzis EG, Andersson P, Andreazza A, Andringa S, Antilogus P, Apel WD, Arnoud Y, Åsman B, Augustin JE, Augustinus A, Baillon P, Bambade P, Barao F, Barbiellini G, Barbier R, Bardin DY, Barker G, Baroncelli A, Battaglia M, Baubillier M, Becks KH, Begalli M, Beilliere P, Belokopytov Y, Benvenuti AC, Berat C, Berggren M, Bertini D, Bertrand D, Besancon M, Bianchi F, Bigi M, Bilenky MS, Bizouard MA, Bloch D, Blom HM, Bonesini M, Bonivento W, Boonekamp M, Booth PSL, Borgland AW, Borisov G, Bosio C, Botner O, Boudinov E, Bouquet B, Bourdarios C, Bowcock TJV, Boyko I, Bozovic I, Bozzo M, Branchini P, Brenke T, Brenner RA, Bruckman P, Brunet JM, Bugge L, Buran T, Burgsmueller T, Buschmann P, Cabrera S, Caccia M, Calvi M, Rozas AJC, Camporesi T, Canale V, Carena F, Carroll L, Caso C, Gimenez MVC, Cattai A, Cavallo FR, Chabaud V, Charpentier P, Chaussard L, Checchia P, Chelkov GA, Chierici R, Chliapnikov P, Chochula P, Chorowicz V, Chudoba J, Collins P, Contri R, Cortina E, Cosme G, Cossutti F, Cowell JH, Crawley HB, Crennell D, Crosetti G, Maestro JC, Czellar S, Damgaard G, Davenport M, Da Silva W, Deghorain A, Della Ricca G, Delpierre P, Demaria N, De Angelis A, De Boer W, De Brabandere S, De Clercq C, De Lotto B, De Min A, De Paula L, Dijkstra H, Di Ciaccio L, Dolbeau J, Doroba K, Dracos M, Drees J, Dris M, Duperrin A, Durand JD, Eigen G, Ekelof T, Ekspong G, Ellert M, Elsing M, Engel JP, Erzen B, Santo ME, Falk E, Fanourakis G, Fassouliotis D, Fayot J, Feindt M, Ferrari P, Ferrer A, Ferrer-Ribas E, Fichet S, Firestone A, Fischer PA, Flagmeyer U, Foeth U, Fokitis E, Fontanelli F, Franek B, Frodesen AG, Fruhwirth R, Fulda-Quenzer F, Fuster J, Galloni A, Gamba D, Gamblin S, Gandelman M, Garcia C, Garcia J, Gaspar C, Gaspar M, Gasparini U, Gavillet P, Gazis EN, Gele D, Gerdyukov L, Ghodbane N, Gil I, Glege F, Gokieli R, Golob B Get al., 1999,

    Search for charginos, neutralinos and gravitinos in e<SUP>+</SUP>e<SUP>-</SUP> interactions at √<i>s</i> = 183 GeV

    , PHYSICS LETTERS B, Vol: 446, Pages: 75-91, ISSN: 0370-2693
  • Journal article
    Acciarri M, Adriani O, Aguilar-Benitez M, Ahlen S, Alcaraz J, Alemanni G, Allaby J, Aloisio A, Alviggi MG, Ambrosi G, Anderhub H, Andreev VP, Angelescu T, Anselmo F, Arefiev A, Azemoon T, Aziz T, Bagnaia P, Baksay L, Banerjee S, Banerjee S, Banicz K, Barczyk A, Barillère R, Barone L, Bartalini P, Baschirotto A, Basile M, Battiston R, Bay A, Becattini F, Becker U, Behner F, Berdugo J, Berges P, Bertucci B, Betev BL, Bhattacharya S, Biasini M, Biland A, Bilei GM, Blaising JJ, Blyth SC, Bobbink GJ, Bock R, Böhm A, Boldizsar L, Borgia B, Bourilkov D, Bourquin M, Braccini S, Branson JG, Brigljevic V, Brock IC, Buffini A, Buijs A, Burger JD, Burger WJ, Busenitz J, Button A, Cai XD, Campanelli M, Capell M, Romeo GC, Carlino G, Cartacci AM, Casaus J, Castellini G, Cavallari F, Cavallo N, Cecchi C, Cerrada M, Cesaroni F, Chamizo M, Chang YH, Chaturvedi UK, Chemarin M, Chen A, Chen G, Chen GM, Chen HF, Chen HS, Chereau X, Chiefari G, Chien CY, Cifarelli L, Cindolo F, Civinini C, Clare I, Clare R, Coignet G, Colijn AP, Colino N, Costantini S, Cotorobai F, de la Cruz B, Csilling A, Dai TS, D'Alessandro R, de Asmundis R, Degré A, Deiters K, della Volpe D, Denes P, DeNotaristefani F, Diemoz M, van Dierendonck D, Di Lodovico F, Dionisi C, Dittmar M, Dominguez A, Doria A, Dova MT, Duchesneau D, Duinker P, Duran I, Easo S, El Mamouni H, Engler A, Eppling FJ, Erné FC, Extermann P, Fabre M, Faccini R, Falagan MA, Falciano S, Favara A, Fay J, Fedin O, Felcini M, Ferguson T, Ferroni F, Fesefeldt H, Fiandrini E, Field JH, Filthaut F, Fisher PH, Fisk I, Forconi G, Fredj L, Freudenreich K, Furetta C, Galaktionov Y, Ganguli SN, Garcia-Abia P, Gataullin M, Gau SS, Gentile S, Gheordanescu N, Giagu S, Goldfarb S, Goldstein J, Gong ZF, Gougas A, Gratta G, Gruenewald MW, van Gulik R, Gupta VK, Gurtu A, Gutay LJ, Haas D, Hartmann B, Hasan A, Hatzifotiadou D, Hebbeker T, Hervé A, Hidas P, Hirschfelder J, van Hoek WC, Hofer H, Hoorani H, Hou SR, Hu G, Iashvili I, Jin BN, Jones LW, de Jong P, Josa-Met al., 1999,

    Searches for scalar top and scalar bottom quarks in e<SUP>+</SUP>e<SUP>-</SUP> interactions at 161GeV≤√<i>s</i>≤183GeV

    , PHYSICS LETTERS B, Vol: 445, Pages: 428-438, ISSN: 0370-2693
  • Journal article
    Acciarri M, Adriani O, Aguilar-Benitez M, Ahlen S, Alcaraz J, Alemanni G, Allaby J, Aloisio A, Alviggi MG, Ambrosi G, Anderhub H, Andreev VP, Angelescu T, Anselmo F, Arefiev A, Azemoon T, Aziz T, Bagnaia P, Baksay L, Banerjee S, Banerjee SW, Banicz K, Barczyk A, Barillère R, Barone L, Bartalini P, Baschirotto A, Basile M, Battiston R, Bay A, Becattini F, Becker U, Behner F, Berdugo J, Berges P, Bertucci B, Betev BL, Bhattacharya S, Biasini M, Biland A, Bilei GM, Blaising JJ, Blyth SC, Bobbink GJ, Bock R, Böhm A, Boldizsar L, Borgia B, Bourilkov D, Bourquin M, Braccini S, Branson JG, Brigljevic V, Brock IC, Buffini A, Buijs A, Burger JD, Burger WJ, Busenitz J, Button A, Cai XD, Campanelli M, Capell M, Cara Romeo G, Carlino G, Cartacci AM, Casaus J, Castellini G, Cavallari F, Cavallo N, Cecchi C, Cerrada M, Cesaroni F, Chamizo M, Chang YH, Chaturvedi UK, Chemarin M, Chen A, Chen G, Chen GM, Chen HF, Chen HS, Chereau X, Chiefari G, Chien CY, Cifarelli L, Cindolo F, Civinini C, Clare I, Clare R, Coignet G, Colijn AP, Colino N, Costantini S, Cotorobai F, de la Cruz B, Csilling A, Dai TS, D'Alessandro R, de Asmundis Ret al., 1999,

    Searches for scalar top and scalar bottom quarks in e+e- interactions at 161 GeV ≤ √s ≤ 183 GeV

    , Physics Letters Section B Nuclear Elementary Particle and High Energy Physics, Vol: 445, Pages: 428-438, ISSN: 0370-2693

    Searches for scalar top and scalar bottom quarks have been performed at center-of-mass energies between 161 GeV and 183 GeV using the L3 detector at LEP. No signal is observed. Model-independent limits on production cross sections are determined for the two decay channels t̃<inf>1</inf> → cχ̃<sup>0</sup> <inf>1</inf> and b̃<inf>1</inf> → b χ̃<sup>0</sup> <inf>1</inf>. Within the framework of the Minimal Supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model mass limits are derived. For mass differences between t̃<inf>1</inf> and χ̃<sup>0</sup> <inf>1</inf> greater than 10 GeV a 95% C.L. limit of 81.5 GeV is set on the mass of the Supersymmetric partner of the left-handed top. A supersymmetric partner of the left-handed bottom with a mass below 80 GeV is excluded at 95% C.L. if the mass difference between b̃<inf>1</inf> and χ̃<inf>1</inf> is greater than 20 GeV. © 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
  • Conference paper
    I Liubarsky et al, 1999,

    DARK MATTER SEARCH AT BOULBY MINE

    , Dark matter in astrophysics and particle physics, Pages: 780-784
  • Journal article
    Acciarri M, Achard P, Adriani O, Aguilar-Benitez M, Alcaraz J, Alemanni G, Allaby J, Aloisio A, Alviggi MG, Ambrosi G, Anderhub H, Andreev VP, Angelescu T, Anselmo F, Arefiev A, Azemoon T, Aziz T, Bagnaia P, Baksay L, Balandras A, Ball RC, Banerjee S, Banerjee S, Banicz K, Barczyk A, Barillère R, Barone L, Bartalini P, Basile M, Battiston R, Bay A, Becattini F, Becker U, Behner F, Berdugo J, Berges P, Bertucci B, Betev BL, Bhattacharya S, Biasini M, Biland A, Bilei GM, Blaising JJ, Blyth SC, Bobbink GJ, Bock R, Bohm A, Boldizsar L, Borgia B, Bourilkov D, Bourquin M, Braccini S, Branson JG, Brigljevic V, Brochu F, Brock IC, Buffini A, Buijs A, Burger JD, Burger WJ, Busenitz J, Button A, Cai XD, Campanelli M, Capell M, Cara Romeo G, Carlino G, Cartacci AM, Casaus J, Castellini G, Cavallari F, Cavallo N, Cecchi C, Cerrada M, Cesaroni F, Chamizo M, Chang YH, Chaturvedi UK, Chemarin M, Chen A, Chen G, Chen GM, Chen HF, Chen HS, Chereau X, Chiefari G, Cifarelli L, Cindolo F, Civinini C, Clare I, Clare R, Coignet G, Colijn AP, Colino N, Costantini S, Cotorobai F, de la Cruz B, Csilling A, Dai TS, van Dalen JAet al., 1999,

    Measurement of the e+e → Z → bb̄ forward-backward asymmetry and the B0B̄0 mixing parameter using prompt leptons

    , Physics Letters Section B Nuclear Elementary Particle and High Energy Physics, Vol: 448, Pages: 152-162, ISSN: 0370-2693

    The time-integrated B<sup>0</sup>B̄<sup>0</sup> mixing parameter and the forward-backward charge asymmetry in the process e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup>→ bb are measured in hadronic Z events containing prompt muons or electrons, collected by the L3 experiment in the years 1990 to 1995. The total sample of 3.3 milion hadronic Z events with a mean centre-of-mass energy of 91.26 GeV yields: A<inf>FB</inf> <sup>b</sup> = 0.0960 ± 0.0066(stat.) ± 0.0033(sys.), X<inf>b</inf> = 0.1192 ± 0.0068(stat.) ± 0.0051(sys.). This asymmetry measurement together with measurements at energies away from the Z pole energy yield a pole asymmetry and corresponding effective electroweak mixing angle of: A<inf>FB</inf> <sup>0,b</sup> = 0.1015 ± 0.0064(stat.) + 0.0035(.sy.s.), sin<sup>2</sup>0<inf>W</inf> = 0.2318 ± 0.0013. © 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
  • Journal article
    Acciarri M, Achard P, Adriani O, Aguilar-Benitez M, Alcaraz J, Alemanni G, Allaby J, Aloisio A, Alviggi MG, Ambrosi G, Anderhub H, Andreev VP, Angelescu T, Anselmo F, Arefiev A, Azemoon T, Aziz T, Bagnaia P, Baksay L, Balandras A, Ball RC, Banerjee S, Banerjee S, Banicz K, Barczyk A, Barillère R, Barone L, Bartalini P, Basile M, Battiston R, Bay A, Becattini F, Becker U, Behner F, Berdugo J, Berges P, Bertucci B, Betev BL, Bhattacharya S, Biasini M, Biland A, Blaising JJ, Blyth SC, Bobbink GJ, Bock R, Böhm A, Boldizsar L, Borgia B, Bourilkov D, Bourquin M, Braccini S, Branson JG, Brigljevic V, Brochu F, Buffini A, Buijs A, Burger JD, Burger WJ, Busenitz J, Button A, Cai XD, Campanelli M, Capell M, Cara Romeo G, Carlino G, Cartacci AM, Casaus J, Castellini G, Cavallari F, Cavallo N, Cecchi C, Cerrada M, Cesaroni F, Chamizo M, Chang YH, Chaturvedi UK, Chemarin M, Chen A, Chen G, Chen GM, Chen HF, Chen HS, Chereau X, Chiefari G, Cifarelli L, Cindolo F, Civinini C, Clare I, Clare R, Coignet G, Colijn AP, Colino N, Costantini S, Cotorobai F, de la Cruz B, Csilling A, Dai TS, van Dalen JA, D'Alessandro R, de Asmundis Ret al., 1999,

    χc2 formation in two-photon collisions at LEP

    , Physics Letters Section B Nuclear Elementary Particle and High Energy Physics, Vol: 453, Pages: 73-82, ISSN: 0370-2693

    Two-photon formation of the charmonium resonance χ<inf>c2</inf> has been studied with the L3 detector at LEP. The χ<inf>c2</inf> is identified through its decay χ<inf>c2</inf> → γJ/ψ with a subsequent decay J/ψ e<sup>-</sup> e<sup>-</sup> or J/ψ → e<sup>-</sup> e<sup>-</sup>. With an integrated luminosity of 140 pb<sup>-1</sup> at √s ≃ 91 GeV and 52 pb<sup>-1</sup> at √s ≃ 183 GeV, we measure the two-photon width of the χ<inf>c2</inf> to be Γ<inf>γγ</inf> = 1.02 ± 0.40 (stat.) ± 0.15 (sys.) ± 0.09(BR.)keV. © 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
  • Journal article
    Acciarri M, Achard P, Adriani O, Aguilar-Benitez M, Alcaraz J, Alemanni G, Allaby J, Aloisio A, Alviggi MG, Ambrosi G, Anderhub H, Andreev VP, Angelescu T, Anselmo F, Arefiev A, Azemoon T, Aziz T, Bagnaia P, Baksay L, Balandras A, Ball RC, Banerjee S, Banerjee S, Barczyk A, Barillère R, Barone L, Bartalini P, Basile M, Battiston R, Bay A, Becattini F, Becker U, Behner F, Bellucci L, Berdugo J, Berges P, Bertucci B, Betev BL, Bhattacharya S, Biasini M, Biland A, Blaising JJ, Blyth SC, Bobbink GJ, Böhm A, Boldizsar L, Borgia B, Bourilkov D, Bourquin M, Braccini S, Branson JG, Brigljevic V, Brochu F, Buffini A, Buijs A, Burger JD, Burger WJ, Busenitz J, Button A, Cai XD, Campanelli M, Capell M, Cara Romeo G, Carlino G, Cartacci AM, Casaus J, Castellini G, Cavallari F, Cavallo N, Cecchi C, Cerrada M, Cesaroni F, Chamizo M, Chang YH, Chaturvedi UK, Chemarin M, Chen A, Chen G, Chen GM, Chen HF, Chen HS, Chereau X, Chiefari G, Cifarelli L, Cindolo F, Civinini C, Clare I, Clare R, Coignet G, Colijn AP, Colino N, Conventi F, Costantini S, Cotorobai F, Cozzoni B, de la Cruz B, Csilling A, Cucciarelli S, Dai TS, van Dalen JAet al., 1999,

    Study of Z boson pair production in e+e- colisions at LEP at √s = 189 GeV

    , Physics Letters Section B Nuclear Elementary Particle and High Energy Physics, Vol: 465, Pages: 363-375, ISSN: 0370-2693

    The pair production of Z bosons is studied using the data collected by the L3 detector at LEP in 1998 in e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup> collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 189 GeV. All the visible final states are considered and the cross section of this process is measured to be 0.74<inf>-0.14</inf> <sup>+0.15</sup>(stat.) ± 0.04(syst.)pb. Final states containing b quarks are enhanced by a dedicated selection and their production cross section is found to be 0.18<inf>-0.07</inf> <sup>+0.09</sup>(stat.) ± 0.02(syst.)pb. Both results are in agreement with the Standard Model predictions. Limits on anomalous couplings between neutral gauge bosons are derived from these measurements. © 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
  • Journal article
    Scannavini MG, Speller RD, Royle GJ, Cullum I, Raymond M, Hall G, Iles Get al., 1999,

    Design of a small laboratory Compton camera for the imaging of positron emitters

    , IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference, Vol: 2, Pages: 1120-1126

    A small laboratory prototype has been designed for the Compton imaging of annihilation photons produced from positron emitters. Considerations on the design of the scatter collimator are presented and the system configuration is described. The system features a stack of four AC coupled, double-sided silicon strip detectors (6 × 6 cm<sup>2</sup> area, 500 μm thickness, 470 μm strip pitch, 128 channels/side) in a double Compton configuration and externally triggered readout mode. Signal readout is obtained by bonding two 128-channel low-noise APV6 chips to each detector. Custom electronics have been developed for the chip readout. The system is currently being assembled. The estimated angular resolution of the camera is approximately 4 degrees. High sensitivity could be achieved by extending the number of stack elements and by improving the design of the trigger detector, which presently consists of a small area germanium crystal.
  • Journal article
    Fortunato E, Becker U, Dinner R, Kirchner J, Rosera K, Uchida Yet al., 1999,

    Systematic study of electron drift for gaseous chamber design

    , IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference, Vol: 1, Pages: 106-110

    We present a consistent set of measurements of electron drift velocities and Lorentz deflection angles in all noble gases with methane and ethane as quenchers in magnetic fields up to 0.8 Tesla. These and many other results are available in a searchable database on World Wide Web at http: //cyclotron.mit.edu/drift/ to allow for guided design and optimization of future detectors. A simple model is used to form an empirical parameterization of the results. This compact form unifies the drift characteristics of a gas mixture over a range of electric (0 - 1.5 kV/cm) and magnetic (0-0.8 Tesla) fields. A more detailed model is presented which explains the surprisingly large effect of even modest (and inevitable) nitrogen contamination on electron drift velocity. Additional measurements and simulations confirm the validity of the model's predictions and show possible applications.
  • Journal article
    Andrés E, Askebjer P, Barwick SW, Bay R, Bergström L, Bouchta A, Biron A, Carius S, Costa C, Cowen D, Dalberg E, Ekström P, Goobar A, Gray L, Hallgren A, Halzen F, Hart S, He Y, Hill G, Hulth PO, Hundertmark S, Jacobsen J, Jones A, Kandahai V, Karle A, Lindahl P, Liubarsky I, Lowder DM, Marciniewski P, Mikolajski T, Miller T, Mock P, Morse R, Niessen P, Nygren D, Perez de Los Heros C, Porrata R, Potter D, Price PB, Richards A, Rubinstein H, Schneider E, Schwarz R, Spiering C, Streicher O, Thon T, Tilav S, Walck C, Wiebusch C, Wischnewski R, Woschnagg K, Yodh Get al., 1999,

    Status of the AMANDA experiment

    , Nuclear Physics B Proceedings Supplements, Vol: 70, Pages: 448-452, ISSN: 0920-5632

    The AMANDA high energy neutrino telescope has successfully been increased in size from four detector strings to ten detector strings during the 1996/1997 season. The first upward going muon-neutrino candidates have been reconstructed from the 1996 year's four-string data. Three new detector strings will be deployed during 1997/1998 to 2350 metres depth.
  • Journal article
    Barate R, Buskulic D, Decamp D, Ghez P, Goy C, Jezequel S, Lees JP, Lucotte A, Martin F, Merle E, Minard MN, Nief JY, Perrodo P, Pietrzyk B, Alemany R, Casado MP, Chmeissani M, Crespo JM, Delfino M, Fernandez E, Fernandez-Bosman M, Garrido L, Graugès E, Juste A, Martinez M, Merino G, Miquel R, Mir LM, Morawitz P, Pacheco A, Park IC, Pascual A, Riu I, Sanchez F, Colaleo A, Creanza D, de Palma M, Gelao G, Iaselli G, Maggi G, Maggi M, Nuzzo S, Ranieri A, Raso G, Ruggieri F, Selvaggi G, Silvestris L, Tempesta P, Tricomi A, Zito G, Huang X, Lin J, Ouyang Q, Wang T, Xie Y, Xu R, Xue S, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhao W, Abbaneo D, Becker U, Boix G, Cattaneo M, Cerutti F, Ciulli V, Dissertori G, Drevermann H, Forty RW, Frank M, Gianotti F, Hagelberg R, Halley AW, Hansen JB, Harvey J, Janot P, Jost B, Lehraus I, Leroy O, Loomis C, Maley P, Mato P, Minten A, Moneta L, Moutoussi A, Ranjard F, Rolandi L, Rousseau D, Schlatter D, Schmitt M, Schneider O, Tejessy W, Teubert F, Tomalin IR, Tournefier E, Vreeswijk M, Wachsmuth H, Ajaltouni Z, Badaud F, Chazelle Get al., 1999,

    Search for the standard model Higgs boson at the LEP2 Collider near √s = 183 GeV

    , Physics Letters Section B Nuclear Elementary Particle and High Energy Physics, Vol: 447, Pages: 336-351, ISSN: 0370-2693

    During 1997 the ALEPH experiment at LEP gathered 57pb<sup>-1</sup> of data at centre-of-mass energies near 183 GeV. These data are used to look for possible signals from the production of the Standard Model Higgs boson in the reaction e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup>→ HZ. No evidence of a signal is found in the data; seven events are selected, in agreement with the expectation of 7.2 events from background processes. This observation results in an improved lower limit on the mass of the Higgs boson: m<inf>H</inf> > 87.9GeV/c<sup>2</sup> at 95% confidence level. © 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
  • Journal article
    Abreu P, Adam W, Adye T, Adzic P, Albrecht Z, Alderweireld T, Alekseev GD, Alemany R, Allmendinger T, Allport PP, Almehed S, Amaldi U, Amato S, Anassontzis EG, Andersson P, Andreazza A, Andringa S, Antilogus P, Apel WD, Arnoud Y, Åsman B, Augustin JE, Augustinus A, Baillon P, Bambade P, Barao F, Barbiellini G, Barbier R, Bardin DY, Barker G, Baroncelli A, Battaglia M, Baubillier M, Becks KH, Begalli M, Beilliere P, Belokopytov Y, Belous K, Benvenuti AC, Berat C, Berggren M, Bertini D, Bertrand D, Besancon M, Bianchi F, Bigi M, Bilenky MS, Bizouard MA, Bloch D, Blom HM, Bonesini M, Bonivento W, Boonekamp M, Booth PSL, Borgland AW, Borisov G, Bosio C, Botner O, Boudinov E, Bouquet B, Bourdarios C, Bowcock TJV, Boyko I, Bozovic I, Bozzo M, Branchini P, Brenke T, Brenner RA, Bruckman P, Brunet JM, Bugge L, Buran T, Burgsmueller T, Buschmann P, Cabrera S, Caccia M, Calvi M, Camporesi T, Canale V, Carena F, Carroll L, Caso C, Castillo Gimenez MV, Cattai A, Cavallo FR, Chabaud V, Chapkin M, Charpentier P, Chaussard L, Checchia P, Chelkov GA, Chierici R, Chliapnikov P, Chochula P, Chorowicz V, Chudoba J, Cieslik K, Collins P, Contri R, Cortina Eet al., 1999,

    A precise measurement of the partial decay width ratio Rb0 = Γbb̄/Γhad

    , European Physical Journal C, Vol: 10, Pages: 415-442, ISSN: 1434-6044

    The partial decay width of the Z to bb̄ quark pairs has been measured by the DELPHI detector at LEP using data taken in the years 1992 to 1995. Decays of b-hadrons were tagged by several methods using tracks with large impact parameters and/or reconstructed secondary vertices, complemented by event shape variables. Combining these methods in a multivariate analysis the value Γ(Z → bb̄)/Γ(Z → had) = 0.21634 ± 0.00067 (stat) ± 0.00060 (syst) was obtained, where the cc̄ production fraction was fixed to its Standard Model value.
  • Journal article
    Abreu P, Adam W, Adye T, Adzic P, Ajinenko I, Albrecht Z, Alderweireld T, Alekseev GD, Alemany R, Allmendinger T, Allport PP, Almehed S, Amaldi U, Amapane N, Amato S, Anassontzis EG, Andersson P, Andreazza A, Andringa S, Antilogus P, Apel WD, Arnoud Y, Åsman B, Augustin JE, Augustinus A, Baillon P, Bambade P, Barao F, Barbiellini G, Barbier R, Bardin DY, Barker G, Baroncelli A, Battaglia M, Baubillier M, Becks KH, Begalli M, Behrmann A, Beilliere P, Belokopytov Y, Benekos NC, Benvenuti AC, Berat C, Berggren M, Bertini D, Bertrand D, Besancon M, Bianchi F, Bigi M, Bilenky MS, Bizouard MA, Bloch D, Blom HM, Bonesini M, Bonivento W, Boonekamp M, Booth PSL, Borgland AW, Borisov G, Bosio C, Botner O, Boudinov E, Bouquet B, Bourdarios C, Bowcock TJV, Boyko I, Bozovic I, Bozzo M, Branchini P, Brenke T, Brenner RA, Bruckman P, Brunet JM, Bugge L, Buran T, Burgsmueller T, Buschbeck B, Buschmann P, Cabrera S, Caccia M, Calvi M, Camporesi T, Canale V, Carena F, Carroll L, Caso C, Castillo Gimenez MV, Cattai A, Cavallo FR, Chabaud V, Charpentier P, Chaussard L, Checchia P, Chelkov GA, Chierici R, Chliapnikov P, Chochula P, Chorowicz V, Chudoba J, Cieslik Ket al., 1999,

    Measurements of the leptonic branching fractions of the tau

    , European Physical Journal C, Vol: 10, Pages: 201-218, ISSN: 1434-6044

    Data collected with the DELPHI detector from 1993 to 1995 combined with previous DELPHI results for data from 1991 and 1992 yield the branching fractions B(τ → evv̄) = (17.877 ± 0.109<inf>stat</inf> ± 0.110<inf>sys</inf>)% and B(τ → μvv̄) = (17.325 ± 0.095<inf>stat</inf> ± 0.077<inf>sys</inf>)%.
  • Journal article
    Acciarri M, Achard P, Adriani O, Aguilar-Benitez M, Alcaraz J, Alemanni G, Allaby J, Aloisio A, Alviggi MG, Ambrosi G, Anderhub H, Andreev VP, Angelescu T, Anselmo F, Arefiev A, Azemoon T, Aziz T, Bagnaia P, Baksay L, Balandras A, Ball RC, Banerjee S, Banerjee S, Barczyk A, Barillere R, Barone L, Bartalini P, Basile M, Battiston R, Bay A, Becattini F, Becker U, Behner F, Bellucci L, Berdugo J, Berges P, Bertucci B, Betev BL, Bhattacharya S, Biasini M, Biland A, Blaising JJ, Blyth SC, Bobbink GJ, Böhm A, Boldizsar L, Borgia B, Bourilkov D, Bourquin M, Braccini S, Branson JG, Brigljevic V, Brochu F, Buffini A, Buijs A, Burger JD, Burger WJ, Busenitz J, Button A, Cai XD, Campanelli M, Capell M, Cara Romeo G, Carlino G, Cartacci AM, Casaus J, Castellini G, Cavallari F, Cavallo N, Cecchi C, Cerrada M, Cesaroni F, Chamizo M, Chang YH, Chaturvedi UK, Chemarin M, Chen A, Chen G, Chen GM, Chen HF, Chen HS, Chereau X, Chiefari G, Cifarelli L, Cindolo F, Civinini C, Clare I, Clare R, Coignet G, Colijn AP, Colino N, Costantini S, Cotorobai F, Cozzoni B, de la Cruz B, Csilling A, Cucciarelli S, Dai TS, van Dalen JA, D'Alessandro Ret al., 1999,

    Search for charged Higgs bosons in e+ e- collisions at √s = 189 GeV

    , Physics Letters Section B Nuclear Elementary Particle and High Energy Physics, Vol: 466, Pages: 71-78, ISSN: 0370-2693

    A search for pair-produced charged Higgs bosons is performed with the L3 detector at LEP using data collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 188.6 GeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 176.4 pb<sup>-1</sup>. Higgs decays into a charm and a strange quark or into a tau lepton and its associated neutrino are considered. The observed events are consistent with the expectations from Standard Model background processes. A lower limit of 65.5 GeV on the charged Higgs mass is derived at 95% confidence leva, independent of the decay branching ratio Br(H ± → τν). ©1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
  • Journal article
    Acciarri M, Achard P, Adriani O, Aguilar-Benitez M, Alcaraz J, Alemanni G, Allaby J, Aloisio A, Alviggi MG, Ambrosi G, Anderhub H, Andreev VP, Angelescu T, Anselmo F, Arefiev A, Azemoon T, Aziz T, Bagnaia P, Baksay L, Balandras A, Ball RC, Banerjee S, Banerjee S, Barczyk A, Barillère R, Barone L, Bartalini P, Basile M, Battiston R, Bay A, Becattini F, Becker U, Behner F, Berdugo J, Berges P, Bertucci B, Betev BL, Bhattacharya S, Biasini M, Biland A, Blaising JJ, Blyth SC, Bobbink GJ, Böhm A, Boldizsar L, Borgia B, Bourilkov D, Bourquin M, Braccini S, Branson JG, Brigljevic V, Brochu F, Buffini A, Buijs A, Burger JD, Burger WJ, Busenitz J, Button A, Cai XD, Campanelli M, Capell M, Cara Romeo G, Carlino G, Cartacci AM, Casaus J, Castellini G, Cavallari F, Cavallo N, Cecchi C, Cerrada M, Cesaroni F, Chamizo M, Chang YH, Chaturvedi UK, Chemarin M, Chen A, Chen G, Chen GM, Chen HF, Chen HS, Chereau X, Chiefari G, Cifarelli L, Cindolo F, Civinini C, Clare I, Clare R, Coignet G, Colijn AP, Colino N, Costantini S, Cotorobai F, Cozzoni B, de la Cruz B, Csilling A, Cucciarelli S, Dai TS, van Dalen JA, D'Alessandro R, de Asmundis Ret al., 1999,

    Search for heavy isosinglet neutrinos in e+e- annihilation at 130 < √s < 189 GeV

    , Physics Letters Section B Nuclear Elementary Particle and High Energy Physics, Vol: 461, Pages: 397-404, ISSN: 0370-2693

    A search for heavy neutrinos that are isosinglets under the standard SU(2)L gauge group is made at center-of-mass energies 130 < √s < 189 GeV with the L3 detector at LEP. Such heavy neutrinos are expected in many extensions of the Standard Model. The search is performed for the first generation heavy singlet neutrino, Ne, through the decay mode N<inf>e</inf> → e + W. We set upper limits on the mixing parameter between the heavy and light neutrino for the heavy neutrino mass range from 80 GeV to 185 GeV. © 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
  • Journal article
    Acciarri M, Achard P, Adriani O, Aguilar-Benitez M, Alcaraz J, Alemanni G, Allaby J, Aloisio A, Alviggi MG, Ambrosi G, Anderhub H, Andreev VP, Angelescu T, Anselmo F, Arefiev A, Azemoon T, Aziz T, Bagnaia P, Baksay L, Balandras A, Ball RC, Banerjee S, Banerjee S, Barczyk A, Barillère R, Barone L, Bartalini P, Basile M, Battiston R, Bay A, Becattini F, Becker U, Behner F, Berdugo J, Berges P, Bertucci B, Betev BL, Bhattacharya S, Biasini M, Biland A, Blaising JJ, Blyth SC, Bobbink GJ, Böhm A, Boldizsar L, Borgia B, Bourilkov D, Bourquin M, Braccini S, Branson JG, Brigljevic V, Brochu F, Buffini A, Buijs A, Burger JD, Burger WJ, Busenitz J, Button A, Cai XD, Campanelli M, Capell M, Cara Romeo G, Carlino G, Cartacci AM, Casaus J, Castellini G, Cavallari F, Cavallo N, Cecchi C, Cerrada M, Cesaroni F, Chamizo M, Chang YH, Chaturvedi UK, Chemarin M, Chen A, Chen G, Chen GM, Chen HF, Chen HS, Chereau X, Chiefari G, Cifarelli L, Cindolo F, Civinini C, Clare I, Clare R, Coignet G, Colijn AP, Colino N, Costantini S, Cotorobai F, Cozzoni B, de la Cruz B, Csilling A, Cucciarelli S, Dai TS, van Dalen JA, D'Alessandro R, de Asmundis Ret al., 1999,

    Search for the standard model Higgs boson in e+e- interactions at √S = 189 GeV

    , Physics Letters Section B Nuclear Elementary Particle and High Energy Physics, Vol: 461, Pages: 376-386, ISSN: 0370-2693

    A search for the Standard Model Higgs boson is carried out on 176.4pb<sup>-1</sup> of data collected by the L3 detector at a center-of-mass energy of 189 GeV. The data are consistent with the expectations of Standard Model processes and no evidence of a Higgs signal is observed. Combining the results of this search with those at lower center-of-mass energies, a lower limit on the mass of the Standard Model Higgs boson of 95.3 GeV is set at the 95% confidence level. © 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
  • Journal article
    Acciarri M, Achard P, Adriani O, Aguilar-Benitez M, Alcaraz J, Alemanni G, Allaby J, Aloisio A, Alviggi MG, Ambrosi G, Anderhub H, Andreev VP, Angelescu T, Anselmo F, Arefiev A, Azemoon T, Aziz T, Bagnaia P, Baksay L, Balandras A, Ball RC, Banerjee S, Banerjee S, Barczyk A, Barillère R, Barone L, Bartalini P, Basile M, Battiston R, Bay A, Becattini F, Becker U, Behner F, Bellucci L, Berdugo J, Berges P, Bertucci B, Betev BL, Bhattacharya S, Biasini M, Biland A, Blaising JJ, Blyth SC, Bobbink GJ, Böhm A, Boldizsar L, Borgia B, Bourilkov D, Bourquin M, Braccini S, Branson JG, Brigljevic V, Brochu F, Buffini A, Buijs A, Burger JD, Burger WJ, Busenitz J, Button A, Cai XD, Campanelli M, Capell M, Cara Romeo G, Carlino G, Cartacci AM, Casaus J, Castellini G, Cavallari F, Cavallo N, Cecchi C, Cerrada M, Cesaroni F, Chamizo M, Chang YH, Chaturvedi UK, Chemarin M, Chen A, Chen G, Chen GM, Chen HF, Chen HS, Chereau X, Chiefari G, Cifarelli L, Cindolo F, Civinini C, Clare I, Clare R, Coignet G, Colijn AP, Colino N, Costantini S, Cotorobai F, Cozzoni B, de la Cruz B, Csilling A, Cucciarelli S, Dai TS, van Dalen JA, D'Alessandro Ret al., 1999,

    Search for low scale gravity effects in e+e- collisions at LEP

    , Physics Letters Section B Nuclear Elementary Particle and High Energy Physics, Vol: 464, Pages: 135-144, ISSN: 0370-2693

    Recent theories propose that quantum gravity effects may be observable at LEP energies via gravitons that couple to Standard Model particles and propagate into extra spatial dimensions. The associated production of a graviton and a photon is searched for as well as the effects of virtual graviton exchange in the processes: e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup>→ γγ, W<sup>+</sup>W<sup>-</sup>, μ<sup>+</sup>μ<sup>-</sup>, τ<sup>+</sup>τ<sup>-</sup>, qq and e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup>. No evidence for this new interaction is found in the data sample collected by the L3 detector at LEP at centre-of-mass energies up to 183 GeV. Limits close to 1 TeV on the scale of this new scenario of quantum gravity are set. © 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
  • Journal article
    Acciarri M, Achard P, Adriani O, Aguilar-Benitez M, Alcaraz J, Alemanni G, Allaby J, Aloisio A, Alviggi MG, Ambrosi G, Anderhub H, Andreev VP, Angelescu T, Anselmo F, Arefiev A, Azemoon T, Aziz T, Bagnaia P, Baksay L, Balandras A, Ball RC, Banerjee S, Banerjee S, Banicz K, Barczyk A, Barillère R, Barone L, Bartalini P, Basile M, Battiston R, Bay A, Becattini F, Becker U, Behner F, Berdugo J, Berges P, Bertucci B, Betev BL, Bhattacharya S, Biasini M, Biland A, Bilei GM, Blaising JJ, Blyth SC, Bobbink GJ, Bock R, Böhm A, Boldizsar L, Borgia B, Bourilkov D, Bourquin M, Braccini S, Branson JG, Brigljevic V, Brochu F, Brock IC, Buffini A, Buijs A, Burger JD, Burger WJ, Busenitz J, Button A, Cai XD, Campanelli M, Capell M, Cara Romeo G, Carlino G, Cartacci AM, Casaus J, Castellini G, Cavallari F, Cavallo N, Cecchi C, Cerrada M, Cesaroni F, Chamizo M, Chang YH, Chaturvedi UK, Chemarin M, Chen A, Chen G, Chen GM, Chen HF, Chen HS, Chereau X, Chiefari G, Cifarelli L, Cindolo F, Civinini C, Clare I, Clare R, Coignet G, Colijn AP, Colino N, Costantini S, Cotorobai F, de la Cruz B, Csilling A, Dai TS, van Dalen JAet al., 1999,

    The Q2 evolution of the hadronic photon structure function F2 γ at LEP

    , Physics Letters Section B Nuclear Elementary Particle and High Energy Physics, Vol: 447, Pages: 147-156, ISSN: 0370-2693

    New measurements at a centre-of-mass energy √s ≃ 183 GeV of the hadronic photon structure function F<inf>2</inf> <sup>γ</sup>(x) in the Q<sup>2</sup> interval, 9 GeV<sup>2</sup> ≤ Q<sup>2</sup> ≤ 30 GeV<sup>2</sup>, are presented. The data, collected in 1997 with the L3 detector, correspond to an integrated luminosity of 51.9 pb<sup>-1</sup>. Combining with the data taken at a centre-of-mass energy of 91 GeV, the evolution of F<inf>2</inf> <sup>γ</sup> with Q<sup>2</sup> is measured in the Q<sup>2</sup> range from 1.2 GeV<sup>2</sup> to 30 GeV<sup>2</sup>. F<inf>2</inf> <sup>γ</sup> shows a linear growth with InQ<sup>2</sup>; the value of the slope α<sup>-1</sup>dF<inf>2</inf> <sup>γ</sup>(Q2)/dlnQ<sup>2</sup> is measured in two x bins from 0.01 to 0.2 and is somewhat higher than predicted. © 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
  • Journal article
    Barate R, Decamp D, Ghez P, Goy C, Jezequel S, Lees JP, Martin F, Merle E, Minard MN, Pietrzyk B, Alemany R, Bravo S, Casado MP, Chmeissani M, Crespo JM, Fernandez E, Fernandez-Bosman M, Garrido L, Graugès E, Juste A, Martinez M, Merino G, Miquel R, Mir LM, Morawitz P, Pacheco A, Riu I, Ruiz H, Colaleo A, Creanza D, De Palma M, Iaselli G, Maggi G, Maggi M, Nuzzo S, Ranieri A, Raso G, Ruggieri F, Selvaggi G, Silvestris L, Tempesta P, Tricomi A, Zito G, Huang X, Lin J, Ouyang Q, Wang T, Xie Y, Xu R, Xue S, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhao W, Abbaneo D, Becker U, Boix G, Buchmüller O, Cattaneo M, Cerutti F, Ciulli V, Dissertori G, Drevermann H, Forty RW, Frank M, Gianotti F, Greening TC, Halley AW, Hansen JB, Harvey J, Janot P, Jost B, Lehraus I, Leroy O, Maley P, Mato P, Minten A, Moutoussi A, Ranjard F, Rolandi L, Schlatter D, Schmitt M, Schneider O, Spagnolo P, Tejessy W, Teubert F, Tournefier E, Wright AE, Ajaltouni Z, Badaud F, Chazelle G, Deschamps O, Dessagne S, Falvard A, Ferdi C, Gay P, Guicheney C, Henrard P, Jousset J, Michel B, Monteil Set al., 1999,

    A direct measurement of

    , Physics Letters Section B Nuclear Elementary Particle and High Energy Physics, Vol: 465, Pages: 349-362, ISSN: 0370-2693

    The inclusive charm production rate in W decays is measured from a study of the properties of final state particles. The sample of W pairs is selected from 67.7 pb<sup>-1</sup>collected by ALEPH in 1996 and 1997 at centre-of-mass energies near 172 and 183 GeV in the channels W<sup>+</sup>W<sup>-</sup>→ 4q and W<sup>+</sup>W<sup>-</sup>→ℓvqq̄. The branching fraction of hadronic W decays to a final state containing a c quark, R<inf>c</inf> <sup>W</sup>= Γ(W→cX)/Γ(W→hadrons), is measured to be 0.51 ± 0.05<inf>stat</inf>+ 0.03<inf>syst.</inf>This allows a direct determination of the CKM matrix element |Vcs| = 1.00 ± 0.11<inf>stat</inf>± 0.07<inf>syst</inf>. © 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
  • Conference paper
    Davies G J, 1999,

    RECENT RESULTS FROM PBWO4 CRYSTALS AND MSGCS IN CMS

    , European Physical Society, 1997, Pages: 1109-1113
  • Journal article
    Abbiendi G, Ackerstaff K, Alexander G, Allison J, Altekamp N, Anderson KJ, Anderson S, Arcelli S, Asai S, Ashby SF, Axen D, Azuelos G, Ball AH, Barberio E, Barlow RJ, Bartoldus R, Batley JR, Baumann S, Bechtluft J, Behnke T, Bell KW, Bella G, Bellerive A, Bentvelsen S, Bethke S, Betts S, Biebel O, Biguzzi A, Bird SD, Blobel V, Bloodworth IJ, Bock P, Böhme J, Bonacorsi D, Boutemeur M, Braibant S, Bright-Thomas P, Brigliadori L, Brown RM, Burckhart HJ, Capiluppi P, Carnegie RK, Carter AA, Carter JR, Chang CY, Charlton DG, Chrisman D, Ciocca C, Clarke PEL, Clay E, Cohen I, Conboy JE, Cooke OC, Couyoumtzelis C, Coxe RL, Cuffiani M, Dado S, Dallavalle GM, Darling C, Davis R, de Jong S, de Roeck A, Dervan P, Desch K, Dienes B, Dixit MS, Dubbert J, Duchovni E, Duckeck G, Duerdoth IP, Eatough D, Estabrooks PG, Etzion E, Fabbri F, Fanti M, Faust AA, Fiedler F, Fierro M, Fleck I, Folman R, Furtjes A, Futyan DI, Gagnon P, Gary JW, Gascon J, Gascon-Shotkin SM, Gaycken G, Geich-Gimbel C, Giacomelli G, Giacomelli P, Gibson V, Gibson WR, Gingrich DM, Glenzinski D, Goldberg J, Gorn W, Grandi C, Graham K, Gross E, Grunhaus Jet al., 1999,

    A measurement of the product branching ratio f(b → Λb) · BR(Λb → ΛX) in Z0 decays

    , European Physical Journal C, Vol: 9, Pages: 1-9, ISSN: 1434-6044

    The product branching ratio, f(b → Λ<inf>b</inf>) · BR(Λ<inf>b</inf> → ΛX), where Λ<inf>b</inf> denotes any weakly-decaying b-baryon, has been measured using the OPAL detector at LEP. Λ<inf>b</inf>'s are selected by the presence of energetic Λ particles in bottom events tagged by the presence of displaced secondary vertices. A fit to the momenta of the Λ particles separates signal from B meson and fragmentation backgrounds. The measured product branching ratio is f(b → Λ<inf>b</inf>) · BR(Λ<inf>b</inf> → ΛX) = (2.67) ± 0.38(stat)<sup>+0.67</sup><inf>-0.60</inf>(sys))%. Combined with a previous OPAL measurement, one obtains f(b → Λ<inf>b</inf>) · BR(Λ<inf>b</inf> → ΛX) = (3.50) ± 0.32(stat) ± 0.35(sys))%.
  • Journal article
    Abbiendi G, Ackerstaff K, Alexander G, Allison J, Altekamp N, Anderson KJ, Anderson S, Arcelli S, Asai S, Ashby SF, Axen D, Azuelos G, Ball AH, Barberio E, Barlow RJ, Bartoldus R, Batley JR, Baumann S, Bechtluft J, Behnke T, Bell KW, Bella G, Bellerive A, Bentvelsen S, Bethke S, Betts S, Biebel O, Biguzzi A, Bird SD, Blobel V, Bloodworth IJ, Bock P, Böhme J, Bonacorsi D, Boutemeur M, Braibant S, Bright-Thomas P, Brigliadori L, Brown RM, Burckhart HJ, Capiluppi P, Carnegie RK, Carter AA, Carter JR, Chang CY, Charlton DG, Chrisman D, Ciocca C, Clarke PEL, Clay E, Cohen I, Conboy JE, Cooke OC, Couyoumtzelis C, Coxe RL, Cuffiani M, Dado S, Dallavalle GM, Davis R, de Jong S, de Roeck A, Dervan P, Desch K, Dienes B, Dixit MS, Dubbert J, Duchovni E, Duckeck G, Duerdoth IP, Eatough D, Estabrooks PG, Etzion E, Fabbri F, Fanti M, Faust AA, Fiedler F, Fierro M, Fleck I, Folman R, Fürtjes A, Futyan DI, Gagnon P, Gary JW, Gascon J, Gascon-Shotkin SM, Gaycken G, Geich-Gimbel C, Giacomelli G, Giacomelli P, Gibson V, Gibson WR, Gingrich DM, Glenzinski D, Goldberg J, Gorn W, Grandi C, Graham K, Gross E, Grunhaus J, Gruwé Met al., 1999,

    W+W- production and triple gauge boson couplings at LEP energies up to 183 GeV

    , European Physical Journal C, Vol: 8, Pages: 191-215, ISSN: 1434-6044

    A study of W-pair production in e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup> annihilations at LEP is presented, based on 877 W<sup>+</sup>W<sup>-</sup> candidates corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 57pb<sup>-1</sup> at √s = 183 GeV. Assuming that the angular distributions of the W-pair production and decay, as well as their branching fractions, are described by the Standard Model, the W-pair production cross-section is measured to be 15.43 ± 0.61(stat.) ± 0.26(syst.) pb. Assuming lepton universality and combining with our results from lower centre-of-mass energies, the W branching fraction to hadrons is determined to be 67.9 ± 1.2(stat.) ± 0.5(syst.)%. The number of W-pair candidates and the angular distributions for each final state (qq̄l̄ν<inf>l</inf>, qq̄qq̄, l̄ν<inf>l</inf>l′ν̄<inf>l</inf>′) are used to determine the triple gauge boson couplings. After combining these values with our results from lower centre-of-mass energies we obtain Δκ<inf>γ</inf> = 0.11+<sup>0.52</sup><inf>-0.37</inf>, Δg<sup>z</sup><inf>1</inf> = 0.01<sup>+0.13</sup><inf>-0.12</inf> and λ = -0.10<sup>+0.13</sup><inf>-0.12</inf>, where the errors include both statistical and systematic uncertainties and each coupling is determined by setting the other two couplings to the Standard Model value. The fraction of W bosons produced with a longitudinal polarisation is measured to be 0.242 ± 0.091(stat.) ± 0.023(syst.). All these measurements are consistent with the Standard Model expectations.
  • Journal article
    Ackerstaff K, Alexander G, Allison J, Altekamp N, Anderson KJ, Anderson S, Arcelli S, Asai S, Ashby SF, Axen D, Azuelos G, Ball AH, Barberio E, Barlow RJ, Bartoldus R, Batley JR, Baumann S, Bechtluft J, Behnke T, Bell KW, Bella G, Bentvelsen S, Bethke S, Betts S, Biebel O, Biguzzi A, Bird SD, Blobel V, Bloodworth IJ, Bobinski M, Bock P, Böhme J, Boutemeur M, Braibant S, Bright-Thomas P, Brown RM, Burckhart HJ, Burgard C, Bürgin R, Capiluppi P, Carnegie RK, Carter AA, Carter JR, Chang CY, Charlton DG, Chrisman D, Ciocca C, Clarke PEL, Clay E, Cohen I, Conboy JE, Cooke OC, Couyoumtzelis C, Coxe RL, Cuffiani M, Dado S, Dallavalle GM, Davis R, de Jong S, del Pozo LA, de Roeck A, Desch K, Dienes B, Dixit MS, Doucet M, Dubbert J, Duchovni E, Duckeck G, Duerdoth IP, Eatough D, Estabrooks PG, Etzion E, Evans HG, Fabbri F, Fanfani A, Fanti M, Faust AA, Fiedler F, Fierro M, Fischer HM, Fleck I, Folman R, Fürtjes A, Futyan DI, Gagnon P, Gary JW, Gascon J, Gascon-Shotkin SM, Geich-Gimbel C, Geralis T, Giacomelli G, Giacomelli P, Gingrich DM, Gibson V, Gibson WR, Glenzinski D, Goldberg J, Gorn W, Grandi C, Gross Eet al., 1999,

    Measurements of flavour-dependent fragmentation functions in Z0 → qq̄ events

    , European Physical Journal C, Vol: 7, Pages: 369-381, ISSN: 1434-6044

    Fragmentation functions for charged particles in Z<sup>0</sup> → qq̄ events have been measured for bottom (b), charm (c) and light (uds) quarks as well as for all flavours together. The results are based on data recorded between 1990 and 1995 using the OPAL detector at LEP. Event samples with different flavour compositions were formed using reconstructed D*<sup>±</sup> mesons and secondary vertices. The ξ<inf>P</inf> = ln(1/x<inf>p</inf>) distributions and the position of their maxima ξ<inf>0</inf> are also presented separately for uds, c and b quark events. The fragmentation function for b quarks is significantly softer than for uds quarks.
  • Journal article
    Abbiendi G, Ackerstaff K, Alexander G, Allison J, Altekamp N, Anderson KJ, Anderson S, Arcelli S, Asai S, Ashby SF, Axen D, Azuelos G, Ball AH, Barberio E, Barlow RJ, Bartoldus R, Batley JR, Baumann S, Bechtluft J, Behnke T, Bell KW, Bella G, Bellerive A, Bentvelsen S, Bethke S, Betts S, Biebel O, Biguzzi A, Bird SD, Blobel V, Bloodworth IJ, Bock P, Böhme J, Bonacorsi D, Boutemeur M, Braibant S, Bright-Thomas P, Brigliadori L, Brown RM, Burckhart HJ, Capiluppi P, Carnegie RK, Carter AA, Carter JR, Chang CY, Charlton DG, Chrisman D, Ciocca C, Clarke PEL, Clay E, Cohen I, Conboy JE, Cooke OC, Couyoumtzelis C, Coxe RL, Cuffiani M, Dado S, Dallavalle GM, Davis R, de Jong S, de Roeck A, Dervan P, Desch K, Dienes B, Dixit MS, Dubbert J, Duchovni E, Duckeck G, Duerdoth IP, Eatough D, Estabrooks PG, Etzion E, Fabbri F, Fanti M, Faust AA, Fiedler F, Fierro M, Fleck I, Folman R, Fürtjes A, Futyan DI, Gagnon P, Gary JW, Gascon J, Gascon-Shotkin SM, Gaycken G, Geich-Gimbel C, Giacomelli G, Giacomelli P, Gibson V, Gibson WR, Gingrich DM, Glenzinski D, Goldberg J, Gorn W, Grandi C, Graham K, Gross E, Grunhaus J, Gruwé Met al., 1999,

    Bose-Einstein correlations in e+e- → W+W- at 172 and 183 GeV

    , European Physical Journal C, Vol: 8, Pages: 559-571, ISSN: 1434-6044

    Bose-Einstein correlations between like-charge pions are studied in hadronic final states produced by e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup> annihilations at center-of-mass energies of 172 and 183 GeV. Three event samples are studied, each dominated by one of the processes W<sup>+</sup>W<sup>-</sup> →qq̄ℓν̄e, W<sup>+</sup>W<sup>-</sup> qq̄qq̄, or (Z<sup>0</sup>/γ)* → qq̄. After demonstrating the existence of Bose-Einstein correlations in W decays, an attempt is made to determine Bose-Einstein correlations for pions originating from the same W boson and from different W bosons, as well as for pions from (Z<sup>0</sup>/γ)* → qq̄ events. The following results are obtained for the individual chaoticity parameters λ, assuming a common source radius R: λ<sup>same</sup>= 0.63 ± 0.19 ± 0.14 λ<sup>diff</sup> = 0.22 ± 0.53 ±0.14, λ <sup>Z</sup>* = 0.47 ± 0.11 ± 0.08, R = 0.92 ± 0.09 ± 0.09 fm. In each case, the first error is statistical and the second is systematic. At the current level of statistical precision it is not established whether Bose-Einstein correlations, between pions from different W bosons exist or not.
  • Journal article
    Ackerstaff K, Alexander G, Allison J, Altekamp N, Anderson KJ, Anderson S, Arcelli S, Asai S, Ashby SF, Axen D, Azuelos G, Ball AH, Barberio E, Barlow RJ, Bartoldus R, Batley JR, Baumann S, Bechtluft J, Behnke T, Bell KW, Bella G, Bentvelsen S, Bethke S, Betts S, Biebel O, Biguzzi A, Bird SD, Blobel V, Bloodworth IJ, Bobinski M, Bock P, Böhme J, Boutemeur M, Braibant S, Bright-Thomas P, Brown RM, Burckhart HJ, Burgard C, Bürgin R, Capiluppi P, Carnegie RK, Carter AA, Carter JR, Chang CY, Ciocca C, Clarke PEL, Clay E, Cohen I, Conboy JE, Cooke OC, Couyoumtzelis C, Coxe RL, Cuffiani M, Dado S, Dallavalle GM, Davis R, de Jong S, del Pozo LA, de Roeck A, Desch K, Dienes B, Dixit MS, Doucet M, Dubbert J, Duchovni E, Duckeck G, Duerdoth IP, Eatough D, Estabrooks PG, Evans HG, Fabbri F, Fanfani A, Fanti M, Faust AA, Fiedler F, Fierro M, Fischer HM, Fleck I, Folman R, Fürtjes A, Futyan DI, Gagnon P, Gary JW, Gascon J, Gascon-Shotkin SM, Geich-Gimbel C, Geralis T, Giacomelli G, Giacomelli P, Gibson V, Gibson WR, Gingrich DM, Glenzinski D, Goldberg J, Gorn W, Grandi C, Gross E, Grunhaus J, Gruwé M, Hanson GGet al., 1999,

    Production of K0S and Λ in quark and gluon jets from Z0 decay

    , European Physical Journal C, Vol: 8, Pages: 241-254, ISSN: 1434-6044

    The production of K<sup>0</sup><inf>S</inf> mesons and Λ baryons in quark and gluon jets has been investigated using two complementary techniques. In the first approach, which provides high statistical accuracy, jets were selected using different jet finding algorithms and ordered according to their energy. Production rates were determined taking into account the dependences of quark and gluon compositions as a function of jet energy as predicted by Monte Carlo models. Selecting three-jet events with the k<inf>⊥</inf> (Durham) jet finder (Y<inf>cut</inf> = 0.005), the ratios of K<sup>0</sup><inf>S</inf> and Λ production rates in gluon and quark jets relative to the mean charged particle multiplicity were found to be 1.10 ± 0.02 ± 0.02 and 1.41 ± 0.04 ± 0.04, respectively, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. In the second approach, a new method of identifying quark jets based on the collimation of energy flow around the jet axis is introduced and was used to anti-tag gluon jets in symmetric (Y-shaped) three-jet events. Using the cone jet finding algorithm with a cone size of 30°, the ratios of relative production rates in gluon and quark jets were determined to be 0.94 ± 0.07 ± 0.07 for K<sup>0</sup><inf>S</inf> and 1.18 ± 0.10 ± 0.17 for Λ. The results of both analyses are compared to the predictions of Monte Carlo models.
  • Journal article
    Abreu P, Adye T, Adzic P, Ajinenko I, Alekseev GD, Alemany R, Allport PP, Almehed S, Amaldi U, Amato S, Anassontzis EG, Andersson P, Andreazza A, Andringa S, Antilogus P, Apel WD, Arnoud Y, Åsman B, Augustin JE, Augustinus A, Baillon P, Bambade P, Barao F, Barbiellini G, Barbier R, Bardin DY, Barker G, Baroncelli A, Battaglia M, Baubillier M, Becks KH, Begalli M, Beilliere P, Belokopytov Y, Benvenuti AC, Berat C, Berggren M, Bertini D, Bertrand D, Besancon M, Bianchi F, Bigi M, Bilenky MS, Bizouard MA, Bloch D, Blom HM, Bonesini M, Bonivento W, Boonekamp M, Booth PSL, Borgland AW, Borisov G, Bosio C, Botner O, Boudinov E, Bouquet B, Bourdarios C, Bowcock TJV, Boyko I, Bozovic I, Bozzo M, Branchini P, Brenke T, Brenner RA, Bruckman P, Brunet JM, Bugge L, Buran T, Burgsmueller T, Buschmann P, Cabrera S, Caccia M, Calvi M, Rozas AJC, Camporesi T, Canale V, Carena F, Carroll L, Caso C, Gimenez MVC, Cattai A, Cavallo FR, Cerruti C, Chabaud V, Charpentier P, Chaussard L, Checchia P, Chelkov GA, Chierici R, Chliapnikov P, Chochula P, Chorowicz V, Chudoba J, Collins P, Colomer M, Contri R, Cortina E, Cosme G, Cossutti F, Cowell JH, Crawley HB, Crennell D, Crosetti G, Maestro JC, Czellar S, Damgaard G, Davenport M, Da Silva W, Deghorain A, Della Ricca G, Delpierre P, Demaria N, De Angelis A, De Boer W, De Brabandere S, De Clercq C, De Lotto B, De Min A, De Paula L, Dijkstra H, Di Ciaccio L, Di Diodato A, Dolbeau J, Doroba K, Dracos M, Drees J, Dris M, Duperrin A, Durand JD, Ehret R, Eigen G, Ekelof T, Ekspong G, Ellert M, Elsing M, Engel JP, Erzen B, Santo ME, Falk E, Fanourakis G, Fassouliotis D, Fayot J, Feindt M, Ferrari P, Ferrer A, Ferrer-Ribas E, Fichet S, Firestone A, Fischer PA, Flagmeyer U, Foeth H, Fokitis E, Fontanelli F, Franek B, Frodesen AG, Fruhwirth R, Fulda-Quenzer F, Fuster J, Galloni A, Gamba D, Gamblin S, Gandelman M, Garcia C, Garcia J, Gaspar C, Gaspar M, Gasparini U, Gavillet P, Gazis EN, Gele D, Gerber JP, Gerdyukov L, Ghodbane N, Gil I, Glege F, Gokiet al., 1999,

    Search for pair-produced neutralinos in events with photons and missing energy from e<SUP>+</SUP>e<SUP>-</SUP> collisions at √<i>s</i>=130-183 GeV

    , EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C, Vol: 6, Pages: 371-384, ISSN: 1434-6044

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