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@article{Zwalinski:2025:10.1007/s41781-024-00128-x,
author = {Zwalinski, L and Zou, W and Zormpa, O and Zorbas, TG and Zoch, K and Zoccoli, A and ivkovic, L and Ziolkowski, M and Zinsser, J and Zimine, NI and Zhukov, K and Zhuang, X and Zhu, Y and Zhu, Y and Zhu, X and Zhu, J and Zhu, CG and Zhou, Y and Zhou, Y and Zhou, N and Zhou, H and Zhou, B and Zhong, D and Zheng, Z and Zheng, X and Zheng, K and Zheng, J and Zhemchugov, A and Zhao, Z and Zhao, Z and Zhao, Y and Zhao, T and Zhao, H and Zhang, Z and Zhang, Z and Zhang, Z and Zhang, Y and Zhang, Y and Zhang, Y and Zhang, X and Zhang, X and Zhang, T and Zhang, S and Zhang, S and Zhang, R and Zhang, P and Zhang, L and Zhang, L and Zhang, K and Zhang, J and Zhang, J and Zhang, DF and Zhai, M and Zerwas, D and Zerradi, S and Zenz, S and eni, T and Zenin, O and Zenger, DT and Zeng, JC and Zeng, H and Zeitnitz, C and Zaplatilek, O and Zanzi, D and Zang, J and Saa, JAZ and Zambito, S and Zakareishvili, T and Zak, ZK and Zaid, E and Zabinski, B and Zaazoua, M and Yue, L and Yuan, R and Yuan, M and Yua},
doi = {10.1007/s41781-024-00128-x},
journal = {Computing and Software for Big Science},
title = {Total Cost of Ownership and Evaluation of Google Cloud Resources for the ATLAS Experiment at the LHC},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41781-024-00128-x},
volume = {9},
year = {2025}
}
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TY  - JOUR
AB  - The ATLAS Google Project was established as part of an ongoing evaluation of the use of commercial clouds by the ATLAS Collaboration, in anticipation of the potential future adoption of such resources by WLCG grid sites to fulfil or complement their computing pledges. Seamless integration of Google cloud resources into the worldwide ATLAS distributed computing infrastructure was achieved at large scale and for an extended period of time, and hence cloud resources are shown to be an effective mechanism to provide additional, flexible computing capacity to ATLAS. For the first time a total cost of ownership analysis has been performed, to identify the dominant cost drivers and explore effective mechanisms for cost control. Network usage significantly impacts the costs of certain ATLAS workflows, underscoring the importance of implementing such mechanisms. Resource bursting has been successfully demonstrated, whilst exposing the true cost of this type of activity. A follow-up to the project is underway to investigate methods for improving the integration of cloud resources in data-intensive distributed computing environments and reducing costs related to network connectivity, which represents the primary expense when extensively utilising cloud resources.
AU  - Zwalinski,L
AU  - Zou,W
AU  - Zormpa,O
AU  - Zorbas,TG
AU  - Zoch,K
AU  - Zoccoli,A
AU  - ivkovic,L
AU  - Ziolkowski,M
AU  - Zinsser,J
AU  - Zimine,NI
AU  - Zhukov,K
AU  - Zhuang,X
AU  - Zhu,Y
AU  - Zhu,Y
AU  - Zhu,X
AU  - Zhu,J
AU  - Zhu,CG
AU  - Zhou,Y
AU  - Zhou,Y
AU  - Zhou,N
AU  - Zhou,H
AU  - Zhou,B
AU  - Zhong,D
AU  - Zheng,Z
AU  - Zheng,X
AU  - Zheng,K
AU  - Zheng,J
AU  - Zhemchugov,A
AU  - Zhao,Z
AU  - Zhao,Z
AU  - Zhao,Y
AU  - Zhao,T
AU  - Zhao,H
AU  - Zhang,Z
AU  - Zhang,Z
AU  - Zhang,Z
AU  - Zhang,Y
AU  - Zhang,Y
AU  - Zhang,Y
AU  - Zhang,X
AU  - Zhang,X
AU  - Zhang,T
AU  - Zhang,S
AU  - Zhang,S
AU  - Zhang,R
AU  - Zhang,P
AU  - Zhang,L
AU  - Zhang,L
AU  - Zhang,K
AU  - Zhang,J
AU  - Zhang,J
AU  - Zhang,DF
AU  - Zhai,M
AU  - Zerwas,D
AU  - Zerradi,S
AU  - Zenz,S
AU  - eni,T
AU  - Zenin,O
AU  - Zenger,DT
AU  - Zeng,JC
AU  - Zeng,H
AU  - Zeitnitz,C
AU  - Zaplatilek,O
AU  - Zanzi,D
AU  - Zang,J
AU  - Saa,JAZ
AU  - Zambito,S
AU  - Zakareishvili,T
AU  - Zak,ZK
AU  - Zaid,E
AU  - Zabinski,B
AU  - Zaazoua,M
AU  - Yue,L
AU  - Yuan,R
AU  - Yuan,M
AU  - Yuan,J
AU  - Yu,Y
AU  - Yu,C
AU  - Young,C
AU  - Young,CJS
AU  - Younas,S
AU  - Yorita,K
AU  - Yin,P
AU  - Yildirim,TP
AU  - Yexley,MR
AU  - Yeo,BK
AU  - Yeletskikh,I
AU  - Yeh,Y
AU  - Ye,X
AU  - Ye,S
AU  - Ye,J
AU  - Ye,H
AU  - Ye,H
AU  - Yao,WM
AU  - Yang,Z
AU  - Yang,Y
AU  - Yang,Y
AU  - Yang,X
AU  - Yang,X
AU  - Yang,T
DO  - 10.1007/s41781-024-00128-x
PY  - 2025///
TI  - Total Cost of Ownership and Evaluation of Google Cloud Resources for the ATLAS Experiment at the LHC
T2  - Computing and Software for Big Science
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41781-024-00128-x
VL  - 9
ER  -
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