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  • Journal article
    Dabelsteen T, McGregor PK, Holland J, Tobias JA, Pedersen SBet al., 1997,

    The signal function of overlapping singing in male robins

    , ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR, Vol: 53, Pages: 249-256, ISSN: 0003-3472
  • Journal article
    Charalambous M, Lowry CA, Lowell S, Shelley AJ, Arzube Met al., 1997,

    The value of the larval head pattern for differentiating Simulium exiguum s l and S-gonzalezi (Diptera: Simuliidae) in the onchocerciasis focus of Ecuador

    , BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH, Vol: 87, Pages: 19-24, ISSN: 0007-4853
  • Journal article
    Reyburn H, Mandelboim O, ValesGomez M, Sheu EG, Pazmany L, Davis DM, Strominger JLet al., 1997,

    Human NK cells: Their ligands, receptors and functions

    , IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS, Vol: 155, Pages: 119-125, ISSN: 0105-2896
  • Journal article
    Withers DJ, Seufferlein T, Mann D, Garcia B, Jones N, Rozengurt Eet al., 1997,

    Rapamycin dissociates p70S6K activation from DNA synthesis stimulated by bombesin and insulin in swiss 3T3 cells

    , JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY, Vol: 272, Pages: 2509-2514, ISSN: 0021-9258
  • Journal article
    Korpi ER, Mattila M, Wisden W, Luddens Het al., 1997,

    Correction: Clinical Efficacy and Selectivity of Benzodiazepine Site Ligands (Annals of Medicine (1997) 29 (275-282))

    , Annals of Medicine, Vol: 29, ISSN: 0785-3890
  • Journal article
    Lombardi P, Crisanti A, 1997,

    Antimalarial activity of synthetic analogues of distamycin

    , PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Vol: 76, Pages: 125-133, ISSN: 0163-7258
    • Cite
    • Citations: 17
  • Conference paper
    Srinivasan A, King RD, Muggleton SH, Sternberg MJEet al., 1997,

    Carcinogenesis predictions using ILP

    , Pages: 273-287, ISSN: 0302-9743

    Obtaining accurate structural alerts for the causes of chemical cancers is a problem of great scientific and humanitarian value. This paper follows up on earlier research that demonstrated the use of Inductive Logic Programming (ILP) for predictions for the related problem of mutagenic activity amongst nitroaromatic molecules. Here we are concerned with predicting carcinogenic activity in rodent bioassays using data from the U.S. National Toxicology Program conducted by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. The 330 chemicals used here are significantly more diverse than the previous study, and form the basis for obtaining Structure-Activity Relationships (SARs) relating molecular structure to cancerous activity in rodents. We describe the use of the ILP system Progol to obtain SARs from this data. The rules obtained from Progol are comparable in accuracy to those from expert chemists, and more accurate than most state-of-the-art toxicity prediction methods. The rules can also be interpreted to give clues about the biological and chemical mechanisms of carcinogenesis, and make use of those learnt by Progol for mutagenesis. Finally, we present details of, and predictions for, an ongoing international blind trial aimed specifically at comparing prediction methods. This trial provides ILP algorithms an opportunity to participate at the leading-edge of scientific discovery.
  • Journal article
    Schimel DS, Braswell BH, Emanuel W, Rizzo B, Smith T, Woodward FI, Fisher H, Kittel TGF, McKeown R, Painter T, Rosenbloom N, Ojima DS, Parton WJ, Kicklighter DW, McGuire AD, Melillo JM, Pan Y, Haxeltine A, Prentice C, Sitch S, Hibbard K, Nemani R, Pierce L, Running S, Borchers J, Chaney J, Neilson Ret al., 1997,

    Continental scale variability in ecosystem processes: Models, data, and the role of disturbance

    , Ecological Monographs, Vol: 67, Pages: 251-271, ISSN: 0012-9615

    Management of ecosystems at large regional or continental scales and determination of the vulnerability of ecosystems to large-scale changes in climate or atmospheric chemistry require understanding how ecosystem processes are governed at large spatial scales. A collaborative project, the Vegetation and Ecosystem Modeling and Analysis Project (VEMAP), addressed modeling of multiple resource limitation at the scale of the conterminous United States, and the responses of ecosystems to environmental change. In this paper, we evaluate the model-generated patterns of spatial variability within and between ecosystems using Century, TEM, and Biome-BGC, and the relationships between modeled water balance, nutrients, and carbon dynamics. We present evaluations of models against mapped and site-specific data. In this analysis, we compare model-generated patterns of variability in net primary productivity (NPP) and soil organic carbon (SOC) to, respectively, a satellite proxy and mapped SOC from the VEMAP soils database (derived from USDA-NRCS [Natural Resources Conservation Service] information) and also compare modeled results to site-specific data from forests and grasslands. The VEMAP models simulated spatial variability in ecosystem processes in substantially different ways, reflecting the models' differing implementations of multiple resource limitation of NPP. The models had substantially higher COrrelations across vegetation types compared to within vegetation types. All three models showed correlation among water use, nitrogen availability, and primary production, indicating that water and nutrient limitations of NPP were equilibrated with each other at steady state. This model result may explain a number of seemingly contradictory observations and provides a series of testable predictions. The VEMAP ecosystem models were implicitly or explicitly sensitive to disturbance in their simulation of NPP and carbon storage. Knowledge of the effects of disturbance (human and
  • Journal article
    Wisden W, Moss SJ, 1997,

    γ-Aminobutyric acid type a receptor subunit assembly sorting: Gene targeting and cell biology approaches

    , Biochemical Society Transactions, Vol: 25, Pages: 820-824, ISSN: 0300-5127
    • Cite
    • Citations: 13
  • Journal article
    Wisden W, 1997,

    Ligand-gated ion channel subunit partnerships: GABAA receptor α6 subunit gene inactivation inhibits δ subunit expression

    , Biochemical Society Transactions, Vol: 25, ISSN: 0300-5127

    Cerebellar granule cells express six GABA<inf>A</inf> receptor subunits abundantly (α<inf>1</inf>, α<inf>6</inf>, β<inf>2</inf>, β<inf>3</inf>, γ<inf>2</inf> and δ), and assemble a variety of pentameric receptor subtypes, with unknown subunit compositions. However, the rules guiding receptor subunit assembly are unclear. Removal of intact α<inf>6</inf> protein from cerebellar granule cells allowed perturbations in other subunit levels to be studied (Jones et al., 1997). Exon 8 of the mouse α<inf>6</inf> -/- subunit gene was disrupted by homologous recombination. In α<inf>6</inf> -1- granule cells, the δ subunit was selectively degraded as seen by immunoprecipitation, immunocytochemistry, and immunoblot analysis with δ subunit-specific antibodies. The δ subunit mRNA was present at wild-type levels in the mutant granule cells, indicating a post-translational loss of the δ subunit. These results provide genetic evidence for a specific association between the α<inf>6</inf> and δ subunits.
  • Journal article
    Vogler AP, Welsh A, Hancock JM, 1997,

    Phylogenetic analysis of slippage-like sequence variation in the V4 rRNA expansion segment in tiger beetles (Cicindelidae)

    , MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION, Vol: 14, Pages: 6-19, ISSN: 0737-4038
  • Journal article
    Purvis A, Bromham L, 1997,

    Estimating the transition/transversion ratio from independent pairwise comparisons with an assumed phylogeny

    , JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EVOLUTION, Vol: 44, Pages: 112-119, ISSN: 0022-2844
  • Journal article
    Giannelli V, Fontana MR, Giuliani MM, Duan GC, Rappuoli R, Pizza Met al., 1997,

    Protease susceptibility and toxicity of heat-labile enterotoxins with a mutation in the active site or in the protease-sensitive loop

    , INFECTION AND IMMUNITY, Vol: 65, Pages: 331-334, ISSN: 0019-9567
  • Journal article
    Davis DM, Mandelboim O, Reyburn HT, ValesGomez M, Sheu EG, Pazmany L, Strominger JLet al., 1997,

    Distinct class I MHC receptors on class II MHC-restricted T cells co-activate or inhibit immune responses to low doses of antigen.

    , JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY, Vol: 99, Pages: 1248-1248, ISSN: 0091-6749
  • Journal article
    Fa JE, Purvis A, 1997,

    Body size, diet and population density in afrotropical forest mammals: A comparison with neotropical species

    , JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY, Vol: 66, Pages: 98-112, ISSN: 0021-8790
    • Cite
    • Citations: 92
  • Journal article
    Robson KJH, Naitza S, Barker G, Sinden RE, Crisanti Aet al., 1997,

    Cloning and expression of the thrombospondin related adhesive protein gene of Plasmodium berghei

    , MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY, Vol: 84, Pages: 1-12, ISSN: 0166-6851
    • Cite
    • Citations: 42
  • Journal article
    Martin J, Herniou E, Cook J, ONeill RW, Tristem Met al., 1997,

    Human endogenous retrovirus type I-related viruses have an apparently widespread distribution within vertebrates

    , JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, Vol: 71, Pages: 437-443, ISSN: 0022-538X
  • Journal article
    Clark GF, Dell A, Morris HR, Patankar M, Oehninger S, Seppala Met al., 1997,

    Viewing AIDS from a glycobiological perspective: potential linkages to the human fetoembryonic defence system hypothesis

    , MOLECULAR HUMAN REPRODUCTION, Vol: 3, Pages: 5-13, ISSN: 1360-9947
    • Cite
    • Citations: 47
  • Journal article
    Herb A, Wisden W, Catania MV, Marechal D, Dresse A, Seeburg PHet al., 1997,

    Prominent dendritic localization in forebrain neurons of a novel mRNA and its product, dendrin

    , Mol Cell Neurosc, Vol: 8, Pages: 367-374, ISSN: 1044-7431

    A recently cloned rat brain cDNA derives from a novel gene, termed dendrin (DEN), expressed exclusively in forebrain structures, particularly in neocortex, olfactory bulb, hippocampus, caudate-putamen, and limbic system. In these structures, the cognate mRNA is present in neuronal cell bodies and their dendrites, whereas near exclusive dendritic localization is observed for the polypeptide product. In the hippocamus, DEN mRNA is highly expressed in the cell laminae and dendritic layers of the dentate gyrus and CA1 field, but expression is markedly reduced in the CA3 and CA4 areas. The predicted primary structure of the hydrophilic, highly basic 653-amino-acid polypeptide does not suggest a function. The restricted expression and dendritic location are compatible with a role for DEN in synaptic plasticity of central neocortical forebrain neurons.
  • Journal article
    Makela R, Uusi-Oukari M, Homanics GE, Quinlan JJ, Firestone LL, Wisden W, Korpi ERet al., 1997,

    Cerebellar gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors: pharmacological subtypes revealed by mutant mouse lines

    , Mol Pharmacol, Vol: 52, Pages: 380-388, ISSN: 0026-895X

    The vast molecular heterogeneity of brain gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors forms the basis for receptor subtyping. Using autoradiographic techniques, we established the characteristics of cerebellar granule cell GABAA receptors by comparing wild-type mice with those with a targeted disruption of the alpha6 subunit gene. Cerebellar granule cells of alpha6(-/-) animals have severe deficits in high affinity [3H]muscimol and [3H]SR 95531 binding to GABA sites, in agonist-insensitive [3H]Ro 15-4513 binding to benzodiazepine sites, and in furosemide-induced increases in tert-[35S]butylbicyclophosphorothionate binding to picrotoxin-sensitive convulsant sites. These observations agree with the known specific properties of these sites on recombinant alpha6beta2/3gamma2 receptors. In the presence of GABA concentrations that fail to activate alpha1 subunit-containing receptors, methyl-6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl-beta-carboline (30 microM), allopregnanolone (100 nM), and Zn2+ (10 microM) are less efficacious in altering tert-[35S]butylbicyclophosphorothionate binding in the granule cell layer of the alpha6(-/-) than alpha6(+/+) animals. These data concur with the deficiency of the cerebellar alpha6 and delta subunit-containing receptors in the alpha6(-/-) animals and could also account for the decreased affinity of [3H]muscimol binding to alpha6(-/-) cerebellar membranes. Predicted additional alterations in the cerebellar receptors of the mutant mice may explain a surplus of methyl-6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl-beta-carboline-insensitive receptors in the alpha6(-/-) granule cell layer and an increased diazepam-sensitivity in the molecular layer. These changes may be adaptive consequences of altered GABAA receptor subunit expression patterns in response to the loss of two subunits (alpha and delta) from granule cells.
  • Conference paper
    Purvis A, 1997,

    Why phylogeny matters in comparative studies

    , Pages: 311-311
  • Journal article
    Jones A, Korpi ER, McKernan RM, Pelz R, Nusser Z, Makela R, Mellor JR, Pollard S, Bahn S, Stephenson FA, Randall AD, Sieghart W, Somogyi P, Smith AJ, Wisden Wet al., 1997,

    Ligand-gated ion channel subunit partnerships: GABA-A receptor alpha6 subunit gene inactivation inhibits delta subunit expression

    , J Neurosci, Vol: 17, Pages: 1350-1362, ISSN: 0270-6474

    Cerebellar granule cells express six GABA-A receptor subunits abundantly (alpha1, alpha6, beta2, beta3, gamma2, and delta) and assemble various pentameric receptor subtypes with unknown subunit compositions; however, the rules guiding receptor subunit assembly are unclear. Here, removal of intact alpha6 protein from cerebellar granule cells allowed perturbations in other subunit levels to be studied. Exon 8 of the mouse alpha6 subunit gene was disrupted by homologous recombination. In alpha6 -/- granule cells, the delta subunit was selectively degraded as seen by immunoprecipitation, immunocytochemistry, and immunoblot analysis with delta subunit-specific antibodies. The delta subunit mRNA was present at wild-type levels in the mutant granule cells, indicating a post-translational loss of the delta subunit. These results provide genetic evidence for a specific association between the alpha6 and delta subunits. Because in alpha6 -/- neurons the remaining alpha1, beta2/3, and gamma2 subunits cannot rescue the delta subunit, certain potential subunit combinations may not be found in wild-type cells.
  • Journal article
    Richardson WD, Pringle NP, Yu WP, Hall ACet al., 1997,

    Origins of spinal cord oligodendrocytes: possible developmental and evolutionary relationships with motor neurons.

    , Dev Neurosci, Vol: 19, Pages: 58-68, ISSN: 0378-5866

    Spinal cord oligodendrocytes develop from migratory glial progenitor cells that are generated by a small subset of neuroepithelial cells in the ventral part of the neural tube. Specification of these neuroepithelial oligodendrocyte precursors, in common with other ventral cells such as motor neurons, depends on morphogenetic signals from the notochord and/or floor plate. The ventrally derived signals can be mimicked in vitro by purified Sonic hedgehog (Shh) protein. Oligodendrocytes and motor neurons are induced over the same range of concentrations of Shh, consistent with the idea that Shh might specify a common precursor of motor neurons and oligodendrocytes. A lineage relationship between motor neurons and oligodendrocytes has previously been suggested by clonal analysis in the embryonic chick spinal cord. We propose a lineage diagram that connects oligodendrocytes and motor neurons and that takes into account the fact that motor neurons and oligodendrocyte precursors are generated at different times during development. Oligodendrocytes might originally have evolved to ensheath motor axons and facilitate a rapid escape response. If so, oligodendrocyte ontogeny and phylogeny might share a common basis.
  • Journal article
    Ptitsyn O, Bychkova V, Dujsekina A, Rossi GL, Fantuzzi A, Uversky V, Tiktopulo E, Klenin Set al., 1997,

    Modeling of the molten globule state of proteins near membranes

    , PROTEIN ENGINEERING, Vol: 10, Pages: 32-32, ISSN: 0269-2139
  • Journal article
    Bahn S, Jones A, Wisden W, 1997,

    Directing gene expression to cerebellar granule cells using gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor alpha6 subunit transgenes

    , Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, Vol: 94, Pages: 9417-9421, ISSN: 0027-8424
  • Journal article
    Wisden W, Moss SJ, 1997,

    gamma-Aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit assembly and sorting: gene targeting and cell biology approaches

    , Biochem Soc Trans, Vol: 25, Pages: 820-824, ISSN: 0300-5127
  • Conference paper
    Srinivasan A, King RD, Muggleton SH, Sternberg MJEet al., 1997,

    The Predictive Toxicology Evaluation challenge

    , 15th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Publisher: MORGAN KAUFMANN PUB INC, Pages: 4-9, ISSN: 1045-0823
  • Conference paper
    Srinivasan A, King RD, Muggleton SH, Sternberg MJEet al., 1997,

    Carcinogenesis predictions using inductive logic programming

    , 1st International Workshop on Intelligent Data Analysis in Medicine and Pharmacology (IDAMAP-96), at the 12th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI-96), Publisher: KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS, Pages: 243-260
  • Book chapter
    Vogler AP, Goldstein PZ, 1997,

    Adaptive radiation and taxon cycles in North American tiger beetles: a cladistic perspective

    , Molecular evolution and adaptive radiation, Editors: Givnish, Sytsma, Publisher: Cambridge University Press, Pages: 353-373
  • Journal article
    Bates PA, Jackson RM, Sternberg MJE, 1997,

    Model building by comparison: A combination of expert knowledge and computer automation

    , PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS, Pages: 59-67, ISSN: 0887-3585
    • Cite
    • Citations: 13

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