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  • Journal article
    Springael D, van Thor JJ, Goorissen H, Ryngaert A, De Baere R, van Hauwe P, Commandeur LC, Parsons JR, De Wacheter R, Mergeay Met al., 1996,

    RP4::Mu3A-mediated in vivo cloning and transfer of a chlorobiphenyl catabolic pathway

    , Microbiology, Vol: 142, Pages: 3282-3293

    Chromosomal DNA fragments encoding the ability to utilize biphenyl as sole carbon source (Bph+) were mobilized by means of plasmid RP4::Mu3A from strain JB1 (tentatively identified as Burkholderia sp.) to Alcaligenes eutrophus CH34 at a frequency of 10(-3) per transferred plasmid. The mobilized DNA integrated into the recipient chromosome or was recovered as catabolic prime plasmids. Three Bph+ prime plasmids were transferred from A. eutrophus to Escherichia coli and back to A. eutrophus without modification of the phenotype. The transferred Bph+ DNA segments allowed metabolism of biphenyl, 2-, 3- and 4-chlorobiphenyl, and diphenylmethane. Genes involved in biphenyl degradation were identified on the prime plasmids by DNA-DNA hybridization and by gene cloning. Bph+ prime plasmids were transferred to Burkholderia cepacia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Comamonas testosteroni and A. eutrophus and the catabolic genes were expressed in those hosts. Transfer of the plasmid to the 3-chlorobenzoate-degrading bacterium Pseudomonas sp. B13 allowed the recipient to mineralize 3-chlorobiphenyl. Other catabolic prime plasmids were obtained from JB1 by selection on m-hydroxybenzoate and tyrosine as carbon sources. 16S rRNA sequence data demonstrated that the in vivo transfer of bph was achieved between bacteria belonging to two different branches of the beta-Proteobacteria.
  • Journal article
    Bahn S, Harvey RJ, Darlison MG, Wisden Wet al., 1996,

    Conservation of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor alpha 6 subunit gene expression in cerebellar granule cells

    , J Neurochem, Vol: 66, Pages: 1810-1818, ISSN: 0022-3042
  • Journal article
    Wisden W, Korpi ER, Bahn S, 1996,

    The cerebellum: a model system for studying GABA-A receptor diversity

    , Neuropharmacology, Vol: 35, Pages: 1139-1160, ISSN: 0028-3908

    The basic unsolved questions concerning GABAA receptors are: "How many receptor subtypes exist?", "What subtypes are used by which types of neuron and where are they located on the cell?", and "What are the functions of the different subtypes?" As described in this Review, the cerebellum is an ideal vertebrate brain region for investigating these issues.
  • Journal article
    Grant AL, Jones A, Thomas KL, Wisden Wet al., 1996,

    Characterization of the rat hippocalcin gene: the 5' flanking region directs expression to the hippocampus

    , Neuroscience, Vol: 75, Pages: 1099-1115, ISSN: 0306-4522
  • Journal article
    Jones A, Bahn S, Grant AL, Kohler M, Wisden Wet al., 1996,

    Characterization of a cerebellar granule cell-specific gene encoding the gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor alpha 6 subunit

    , J Neurochem, Vol: 67, Pages: 907-916, ISSN: 0022-3042

    The alpha 6 subunit of gamma-aminobutyric type A receptors is a marker for cerebellar granule cells and is an attractive candidate to study cell-specific gene expression in the brain. The mouse alpha 6 subunit gene has nine exons and spans approximately 14 kb. The largest intron (intron 8) is approximately 7 kb. For a minority of mRNAs, a missplice of the first exon was identified that disrupts the signal peptide and most likely results in the production of nonfunctional protein. The gene is transcribed from a TATA-less promoter that uses multiple start sites. Using transgenic mice, it was found that the proximal 0.5 kb of the rat alpha 6 gene upstream region confers expression on a beta-galactosidase reporter gene. One founder gave rise to a line with cerebellar granule cell-specific expression, although expression varied with lobule region. Other founders had ectopic but neuron-specific expression, with beta-galactosidase found in cerebellar Purkinje cells, neocortex, thalamus, hippocampus, caudate-putamen, and inferior colliculi. Thus, we have defined a region containing the basal promoter of the alpha 6 subunit gene and that confers neuron-specific expression.
  • Journal article
    Makela R, Lehtonen M, Wisden W, Luddens H, Korpi ERet al., 1996,

    Blunted furosemide action on cerebellar GABA-A receptors in ANT rats selectively bred for high alcohol sensitivity

    , Neuropharmacology, Vol: 35, Pages: 1493-1502, ISSN: 0028-3908

    Furosemide specifically reverses the inhibition by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) of t-[35S]-butylbicyclophosphorothionate ([35S]TBPS) binding and increases the basal [35S]TBPS binding to the cerebellar granule cell layer GABAA receptors. For the selectivity of furosemide, an interplay between GABAA receptor alpha 6 and beta 2 or beta 3 subunits is needed. We have now investigated the furosemide sensitivity of cerebellar [35S]TBPS binding in the alcohol-sensitive (ANT) rat line that harbors a pharmacologically critical point mutation in the alpha 6 subunit [alpha 6 (Q1000)], increasing benzodiazepine affinity of the normally insensitive alpha 6-containing receptors. ANT receptors were less efficiently affected by furosemide, while a normal GABAA receptor antagonism was observed with a specific GABAA receptor antagonist SR 95531. Reduced [3H]muscimol binding in ANT samples and small alterations in situ hybridization signals for alpha 1, alpha 6, beta 2, beta 3, gamma 2 and delta subunit mRNAs failed to correlate with impaired cerebellar furosemide efficacy in individual animals. The alpha 6 (q100) ANT mutation was not responsible for the reduced efficacy of furosemide in the ANT rat line, as judged from the potent furosemide antagonism in recombinant ANT-type alpha 6 (Q100)beta 3 gamma 2 receptors. This data suggest that presence of a novel abnormality in the structure and/or expression of alpha 6 subunit-containing GABAA receptors in the ANT rat line.
  • Conference paper
    Sykes MT, Prentice IC, 1996,

    Carbon storage and climate change in Swedish forests: A comparison of static and dynamic modelling approaches

    , NATO Advanced Research Workshop on the Role of Global Forest Ecosystems and Forest Resource Management in the Global Cycle, Publisher: SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN, Pages: 69-78
  • Conference paper
    Melillo JM, Prentice IC, Schulze ED, Farquhar GDet al., 1996,

    Terrestrial ecosystems: Biotic feedbacks to climate

    , 7th Symposium on Global Change Studies, Publisher: AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC, Pages: 36-37
  • Journal article
    Byrne B, Fowler PA, Templeton AA, 1996,

    Gonadotrophin surge attenuating factor suppresses progesterone augmentation of GnRH priming

    , Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Vol: 81, Pages: 1454-1459

    We investigated the effects of gonadotropin surge-attenuating factor (GnSAF), inhibin, and follistatin on GnRH self-priming and its augmentation by progesterone. Two GnRH challenges, 60 min apart, were administered to rat pituitary monolayers after 90-min exposure to medium alone (control), progesterone, GnSAF, inhibin, or follistatin. Inhibin-stripped follicular fluid from superovulated women was used as a source of GnSAF bioactivity. Under control conditions, the greater response to the second GnRH challenge (peak 2, 9.2 +/- 2.1; peak 1, 4.4 +/- 0.9 ng LH/mL; P < 0.01) demonstrated GnRH self-priming. None of the treatments significantly altered the first LH peak. Progesterone markedly increased GnRH self-priming (peak 2, 12.6 +/- 2.5 ng LH/mL; P < 0.01). However, GnSAF and RU486 significantly reduced GnRH self-priming (peak 2, 4.6 +/- 0.9 and 5.6 +/- 1.6 ng LH/mL, respectively; P < 0.01). The augmentation of self-priming induced by progesterone was completely abolished by coincubation with either GnSAF or RU486 (peak 2, 7.5 +/- 1.6 and 4.3 +/- 0.9 ng LH/mL, respectively; P < 0.01). Neither inhibin nor follistatin had any effect on GnRH self-priming or its augmentation by progesterone. The actions of RU486 in the presence and absence of progesterone demonstrate a nonprogestagenic effect of RU486 on the gonadotropes. In conclusion, the suppression of GnRH self-priming, with or without progesterone augmentation, supports the hypothesis that GnSAF acts by maintaining the pituitary in an unprimed state of reduced responsiveness to GnRH.
  • Journal article
    Byrne B, Fowler PA, Templeton AA, 1996,

    The effects of steroidal and non-steroidal ovarian factors on the pituitary responsiveness to gonadotrophin surge attenuating factor.

    , Journal of Endocrinology, Vol: 150, Pages: 413-422

    Primary pituitary cultures from adult female rats were used to investigate the effects of steroidal (oestradiol and progesterone) and non-steroidal (inhibin, follistatin) ovarian hormones on the suppressive actions of the ovarian factor gonadotrophin surge-attenuating factor (GnSAF) in the control of gonadotrophin secretion. The source of GnSAF was a chromatographic preparation from follicular fluid containing four distinct protein bands as resolved on SDS-PAGE. Oestradiol and progesterone added alone had no effect on gonadotrophin secretion but had a wide range of effects on the suppression of both LH and FSH secretion caused by the non-steroidal factors. Oestradiol, progesterone and oestradiol+progesterone enhanced the suppressive actions of GnSAF on GnRH-induced LH secretion (causing 19.3 +/- 5.2% (P < 0.05), 41.9 +/- 3.4% (P < 0.001) and 32.2 +/- 5.3% (P < 0.001) greater suppression than GnSAF alone). Progesterone and oestradiol+progesterone completely abolished the suppression of basal FSH secretion caused by inhibin (causing 157.1 +/- 22.2%, P < 0.001, and 160.9 +/- 11.3%, P < 0.001, stimulation compared with inhibin alone). Separately the steroids had no effect on the suppression of gonadotrophin secretion caused by follistatin. However, in combination, oestradiol+progesterone potentiated the suppressive actions of follistatin on GnRH-induced LH secretion causing 29.9 +/- 5.3% (P < 0.05) greater suppression than follistatin alone. In combination, high-dose follistatin and GnSAF caused 31.1 +/- 6.5% (P < 0.01) greater suppression than GnSAF alone. Thus in combination high-dose follistatin and GnSAF have additive effects on the suppression of GnRH-induced LH secretion. Recombinant human inhibin and GnSAF added in combination had little further effect compared with either alone suggesting that they may have a similar mechanism of action at the pituitary level. These results demonstrate that while FSH secretion in vitro is mainly controlled b
  • Journal article
    Weis WI, Drickamer K, 1996,

    Structural basis of lectin-carbohydrate recognition

    , ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOCHEMISTRY, Vol: 65, Pages: 441-473, ISSN: 0066-4154
  • Journal article
    Brower AVZ, DeSalle R, Vogler A, 1996,

    Gene trees, species trees, and systematics

    , Annu Rev Ecol Syst, Vol: 27, Pages: 423-450
  • Journal article
    King RD, Srinivasan A, Sternberg MJE, 1996,

    Relating chemical activity to structure: An examination of ILP successes (vol 13, pg 411, 1995)

    , NEW GENERATION COMPUTING, Vol: 14, Pages: 109-109, ISSN: 0288-3635
  • Conference paper
    Vogler AP, Kelley KC, 1996,

    At the interface of phylogenetics and ecology: The case of chemical defenses in Cicindela

    , 3rd International Symposium of Carabidology, Publisher: FINNISH ZOOLOGICAL BOTANICAL PUBLISHING BOARD, Pages: 39-47, ISSN: 0003-455X
  • Journal article
    Ruoppolo M, Torella C, Kanda F, Panico M, Pucci P, Marino G, Morris HRet al., 1996,

    Identification of disulphide bonds in the refolding of bovine pancreatic RNase A

    , FOLDING & DESIGN, Vol: 1, Pages: 381-390, ISSN: 1359-0278
  • Journal article
    Dell A, Morris HR, Panico M, Haslam SM, Easton R, Khoo K-Het al., 1996,

    Trends in mass spectrometry of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates

    , Carbohydrates in Europe, Vol: 17, Pages: 10-16
  • Conference paper
    Bates PA, Jackson RM, Sternberg MJE, 1996,

    Prediction of protein structures and their docking

    , 7th SmithKline-Beecham International Symposium on Genomes, Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, Publisher: ACADEMIC PRESS LTD, Pages: 73-86
  • Book chapter
    P Nixon, C Jansson, 1996,

    Cyanobacterial transformation and gene regulation

    , Molecular Genetics of Photosynthesis, Editors: Andersson, Salter, Barber, Oxford, UK, Publisher: Oxford University Press, Pages: 197-224
  • Journal article
    Petre J, Pizza M, Nencioni L, Podda A, DeMagistris MT, Rappuoli Ret al., 1996,

    The reaction of bacterial toxins with formaldehyde and its use for antigen stabilization

    , NEW APPROACHES TO STABILISATION OF VACCINES POTENCY, Vol: 87, Pages: 125-134, ISSN: 0301-5149
  • Journal article
    Deligiannakis Y, Boussac A, Rutherford AW, 1995,

    ESEEM study of the plastoquinone anion radical (Q(A)(center dot-)) in N-14- and N-15-labeled photosystem II treated with CN

    , BIOCHEMISTRY, Vol: 34, Pages: 16030-16038, ISSN: 0006-2960
  • Journal article
    ELLIS SW, HAYHURST GP, SMITH G, LIGHTFOOT T, WONG MMS, SIMULA AP, ACKLAND MJ, STERNBERG MJE, LENNARD MS, TUCKER GT, WOLF CRet al., 1995,

    EVIDENCE THAT ASPARTIC-ACID-301 IS A CRITICAL SUBSTRATE-CONTACT RESIDUE IN THE ACTIVE-SITE OF CYTOCHROME-P450 2D6

    , JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY, Vol: 270, Pages: 29055-29058
    • Cite
    • Citations: 116
  • Journal article
    BRADY HJM, ABRAHAM DJ, PENNINGTON DJ, MILES CG, JENKINS S, DZIERZAK EAet al., 1995,

    ALTERED CYTOKINE EXPRESSION IN T-LYMPHOCYTES FROM HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TAT TRANSGENIC MICE

    , JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, Vol: 69, Pages: 7622-7629, ISSN: 0022-538X
  • Journal article
    DICKINSON R, LIEB WR, FRANKS NP, 1995,

    THE EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN VOLATILE GENERAL-ANESTHETICS AND A NEURONAL NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTOR

    , BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY, Vol: 116, Pages: 2949-2956, ISSN: 0007-1188
    • Cite
    • Citations: 21
  • Journal article
    Vipond IB, Baldwin GS, Oram M, Erskine SG, Wentzell LM, Szczelkun MD, Nobbs TJ, Halford SEet al., 1995,

    A general assay for restriction endonucleases and other DNA-modifying enzymes with plasmid substrates

    , MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGY, Vol: 4, Pages: 259-268, ISSN: 1073-6085
  • Journal article
    Manen JF, Savolainen V, deMarchi S, Riou Bet al., 1995,

    Chloroplast DNA sequences from a Miocene diatomite deposit in Ardeche (France) (vol 318, pg 971, 1995)

    , COMPTES RENDUS DE L ACADEMIE DES SCIENCES SERIE III-SCIENCES DE LA VIE-LIFE SCIENCES, Vol: 318, Pages: 1278-1278, ISSN: 0764-4469
  • Journal article
    RAPPUOLI R, DOUCE G, DOUGAN G, PIZZA Met al., 1995,

    GENETIC DETOXIFICATION OF BACTERIAL TOXINS - A NEW APPROACH TO VACCINE DEVELOPMENT

    , INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY, Vol: 108, Pages: 327-333, ISSN: 1018-2438
    • Cite
    • Citations: 27
  • Journal article
    Cropley I, Douce G, Roberts M, Chatfield S, Pizza M, Marsili I, Rappuoli R, Dougan Get al., 1995,

    Mucosal and systemic immunogenicity of a recombinant, non-ADP-ribosylating pertussis toxin: Effects of formaldehyde treatment

    , VACCINE, Vol: 13, Pages: 1643-1648, ISSN: 0264-410X
  • Journal article
    JOSIEN R, PANNETIER C, DOUILLARD P, CANTAROVICH D, MENORET S, BUGEON L, KOURILSKY P, SOULILLOU JP, CUTURI MCet al., 1995,

    GRAFT-INFILTRATING T-HELPER CELLS, CD45RC PHENOTYPE, AND TH1/TH2-RELATED CYTOKINES IN DONOR-SPECIFIC TRANSFUSION-INDUCED TOLERANCE IN ADULT-RATS

    , TRANSPLANTATION, Vol: 60, Pages: 1131-1139, ISSN: 0041-1337
  • Journal article
    TRISTEM M, KABAT P, HERNIOU E, KARPAS A, HILL Fet al., 1995,

    EASEL, A GYPSY LTR-RETROTRANSPOSON IN THE SALMONIDAE

    , MOLECULAR AND GENERAL GENETICS, Vol: 249, Pages: 229-236, ISSN: 0026-8925
  • Journal article
    UN S, ATTA M, FONTECAVE M, RUTHERFORD AWet al., 1995,

    G-VALUES AS A PROBE OF THE LOCAL PROTEIN ENVIRONMENT - HIGH-FIELD EPR OF TYROSYL RADICALS IN RIBONUCLEOTIDE REDUCTASE AND PHOTOSYSTEM-II

    , JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Vol: 117, Pages: 10713-10719, ISSN: 0002-7863

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