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  • Journal article
    Crockford AJ, Behncke C, Williams HD, 1996,

    The adaptation of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv phaseoli to oxidative stress and its overlap with other environmental stress responses

    , MICROBIOLOGY-SGM, Vol: 142, Pages: 331-336, ISSN: 1350-0872
  • Journal article
    Prentice IC, Guiot J, Huntley B, Jolly D, Cheddadi Ret al., 1996,

    Reconstructing biomes from palaeoecological data: A general method and its application to European pollen data at 0 and 6 ka

    , CLIMATE DYNAMICS, Vol: 12, Pages: 185-194, ISSN: 0930-7575
    • Cite
    • Citations: 587
  • Journal article
    Burrows L, Knight R, Polokoff E, Schanzer H, Panico M, Solomon Met al., 1996,

    Expanding the donor pool with the use of en bloc pediatric kidneys in adult recipients

    , TRANSPLANTATION PROCEEDINGS, Vol: 28, Pages: 173-174, ISSN: 0041-1345
  • Journal article
    Giorgi LB, Nixon PJ, Merry SA, Joseph DM, Durrant JR, De Las Rivas J, Barber J, Porter G, Klug DRet al., 1996,

    Comparison of primary charge separation in the photosystem II reaction center complex isolated from wild-type and D1-130 mutants of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803.

    , J Biol Chem, Vol: 271, Pages: 2093-2101, ISSN: 0021-9258

    We compare primary charge separation in a photosystem II reaction center preparation isolated from a wild-type (WT) control strain of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and from two site-directed mutants of Synechocystis in which residue 130 of the D1 polypeptide has been changed from a glutamine to either a glutamate (mutant D1-Gln130Glu), as in higher plant sequences, or a leucine residue (mutant D1-Gln130Leu). The D1-130 residue is thought to be close to the pheophytin electron acceptor. We show that, when P680 is photoselectively excited, the primary radical pair state P680+Ph- is formed with a time constant of 20-30 ps in the WT and both mutants; this time constant is very similar to that observed in Pisum sativum (a higher plant). We also show that a change in the residue at position D1-130 causes a shift in the peak of the pheophytin Qx-band. Nanosecond and picosecond transient absorption measurements indicate that the quantum yield of radical pair formation (phi RP), associated with the 20-30-ps component, is affected by the identify of the D1-130 residue. We find that, for the isolated photosystem II reaction center particle, phi RP higher plant > phi RP D1-Gln130Glu mutant > phi RP WT > phi RP D1-Gln130Leu mutant. Furthermore, the spectroscopic and quantum yield differences we observe between the WT Synechocystis and higher plant photosystem II, seem to be reversed by mutating the D1-130 ligand so that it is the same as in higher plants. This result is consistent with the previously observed natural regulation of quantum yield in Synechococcus PS II by particular changes in the D1 polypeptide amino acid sequence (Clark, A.K., Hurry, V. M., Gustafsson, P. and Oquist, G. (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90, 11985-11989).
  • Journal article
    Burt A, Carter DA, Koenig GL, White TJ, Taylor JWet al., 1996,

    Molecular markers reveal cryptic sex in the human pathogen Coccidioides immitis

    , PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Vol: 93, Pages: 770-773, ISSN: 0027-8424
    • Cite
    • Citations: 392
  • Journal article
    Skavdis G, SidenKiamos I, Muller HM, Crisanti A, Louis Cet al., 1996,

    Conserved function of Anopheles gambiae midgut-specific promoters in the fruitfly

    , EMBO JOURNAL, Vol: 15, Pages: 344-350, ISSN: 0261-4189
  • Journal article
    Woodley P, Buck M, Kennedy C, 1996,

    Identification of sequences important for recognition of vnf genes by the VnfA transcriptional activator in Azotobacter vinelandii

    , FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS, Vol: 135, Pages: 213-221, ISSN: 0378-1097
  • Journal article
    Ng KKS, Drickamer K, Weis WI, 1996,

    Structural analysis of monosaccharide recognition by rat liver mannose-binding protein

    , JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY, Vol: 271, Pages: 663-674, ISSN: 0021-9258
  • Journal article
    King RD, Muggleton SH, Srinivasan A, Sternberg MJEet al., 1996,

    Structure-activity relationships derived by machine learning: The use of atoms and their bond connectivities to predict mutagenicity by inductive logic programming

    , PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Vol: 93, Pages: 438-442, ISSN: 0027-8424
    • Cite
    • Citations: 170
  • Journal article
    Seppälä M, Oehninge S, Dell A, Morris HR, Koistinen H, Koistinen R, Clark GFet al., 1996,

    The role of glycodelins in regulation of fertilization and implantation: The fertilization window

    , Gynecological Endocrinology, Vol: 10, Pages: 129-131, ISSN: 0951-3590
  • Journal article
    Ray A, Williams HD, 1996,

    A mutant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that lacks c-type cytochromes has a functional cyanide-insensitive oxidase

    , FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS, Vol: 135, Pages: 123-129, ISSN: 0378-1097
  • Journal article
    Dickinson R, Lieb WR, Franks NP, 1996,

    Erratum: The effects of temperature on the interactions between volatile general anaesthetics and a neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (British Journal of Pharmacology (1995) 116 (2949-2956))

    , British Journal of Pharmacology, Vol: 117, ISSN: 0007-1188
  • Patent
    Tjian R, Comai L, Ruppert S, Dynlacht BD, Hoey T, Tanese N, Wang E, Weinzierl ROet al., 1996,

    TATA-binding protein associated factors drug screens

    , 5534410
  • Journal article
    Hohenester E, Maurer P, Hohenadl C, Timpl R, Jansonius JN, Engel Jet al., 1996,

    Structure of a novel extracellular Ca2+-binding module in BM-40

    , NATURE STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY, Vol: 3, Pages: 67-73, ISSN: 1072-8368
  • Journal article
    Rappuoli R, Pizza M, 1996,

    Novel molecular biology approaches to acellular vaccines.

    , Biotechnol Annu Rev, Vol: 2, Pages: 391-408, ISSN: 1387-2656

    Bacterial toxins are commonly detoxified by chemical treatment in order to use them in human vaccines. We have used site-directed mutagenesis of toxin genes to obtain bacteria that produce naturally nontoxic mutants of bacterial toxins, such as pertussis toxin (PT), cholera toxin (CT) and Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT). Genetically detoxified PT showed a superior safety and immunogenicity in animal models, phase I and phase II clinical trials, and a superior protective efficacy in the early and late stage of a phase III efficacy trial, proving in a definitive and extensive way that genetic detoxification of bacterial toxins can, and should, replace chemical treatment. The results obtained with genetically inactivated LT and CT indicate that genetic detoxification of bacterial toxins can be used not only to produce vaccines for systemic immunization that are superior to the ones produced by conventional technologies, but suggest that these type of molecules may be the prototype molecules for the design and construction of innovative vaccines with a totally new design, such as mucosally delivered preventive and therapeutic vaccines.
  • Conference paper
    Giorgi LB, Nixon PJ, Merry SAP, Joseph DM, Durrant JR, De las Rivas J, Barber J, Porter G, Klug DRet al., 1996,

    Comparison of PS II primary photochemistry in higher plant, synechocystis and synechocystis mutants

    , Current Research in Photosynthesis, Publisher: Kluwer Academic Publishers
  • Journal article
    Rappuoli R, Pizza M, Douce G, Dougan Get al., 1996,

    New vaccines against bacterial toxins.

    , Adv Exp Med Biol, Vol: 397, Pages: 55-60, ISSN: 0065-2598
  • Conference paper
    Shen BW, Hennig M, Hohenester E, Jansonius JNet al., 1996,

    THREE DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE OF HUMAN ORNITHINE AMINOTRANSFERASE: CHARGE DISTRIBUTION AT THE ACTIVE SITE EXPLAINS THE SELECTIVITY FOR W - GROUP OF DIBASIC AMINO ACIDS.

    , Publisher: INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, Pages: C113-C113, ISSN: 2053-2733
  • Conference paper
    Burkhard P, Hohenester E, Rao GSJ, Cook PF, Jansonius JNet al., 1996,

    THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE OF O-ACETYLSERINE SULFHYDRYLASE FROM SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM

    , Publisher: INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, Pages: C125-C126, ISSN: 2053-2733
  • Journal article
    Turnbull CGN, Anderson KL, Winston EC, 1996,

    Influence of gibberellin treatment on flowering and fruiting patterns in mango

    , AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AGRICULTURE, Vol: 36, Pages: 603-611, ISSN: 0816-1089
  • Book
    Sternberg MJE, 1996,

    Protein Structure Prediction - A Practical Approach

    , Oxford, Publisher: Oxford University Press
  • Journal article
    Morris HR, Paxton T, Dell A, Langhorne J, Berg M, Bordoli RS, Hoyes J, Bateman RHet al., 1996,

    High sensitivity collisionally-activated decomposition tandem mass spectrometry on a novel quadrupole/orthogonal-acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometer

    , RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY, Vol: 10, Pages: 889-896, ISSN: 0951-4198
  • Book chapter
    Purvis A, 1996,

    Using interspecies phylogenies to test macroevolutionary hypotheses

    , New Uses for New Phylogenies, Editors: Harvey, Leigh, Maynard, Nee, Oxford, Publisher: Oxford University Press, Pages: 153-168
  • Journal article
    Virji M, Stimson E, Makepeace K, Dell A, Morris HR, Payne G, Saunders JR, Moxon ERet al., 1996,

    Posttranslational modifications of meningococcal pili - Identification of a common trisaccharide substitution on variant pilins of strain C311

    , MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS AND IMMUNE RESPONSE II, Vol: 797, Pages: 53-64, ISSN: 0077-8923
  • Conference paper
    Purvis A, Harvey PH, 1996,

    Miniature mammals: life-history strategies and evolution

    , Oxford, Publisher: Clarendon Press, Pages: 159-174
  • Journal article
    Springael D, van Thor JJ, Goorissen H, Ryngaert A, De Baere R, van Hauwe P, Commandeur LC, Parsons JR, De Wacheter R, Mergeay Met al., 1996,

    RP4::Mu3A-mediated in vivo cloning and transfer of a chlorobiphenyl catabolic pathway

    , Microbiology, Vol: 142, Pages: 3282-3293

    Chromosomal DNA fragments encoding the ability to utilize biphenyl as sole carbon source (Bph+) were mobilized by means of plasmid RP4::Mu3A from strain JB1 (tentatively identified as Burkholderia sp.) to Alcaligenes eutrophus CH34 at a frequency of 10(-3) per transferred plasmid. The mobilized DNA integrated into the recipient chromosome or was recovered as catabolic prime plasmids. Three Bph+ prime plasmids were transferred from A. eutrophus to Escherichia coli and back to A. eutrophus without modification of the phenotype. The transferred Bph+ DNA segments allowed metabolism of biphenyl, 2-, 3- and 4-chlorobiphenyl, and diphenylmethane. Genes involved in biphenyl degradation were identified on the prime plasmids by DNA-DNA hybridization and by gene cloning. Bph+ prime plasmids were transferred to Burkholderia cepacia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Comamonas testosteroni and A. eutrophus and the catabolic genes were expressed in those hosts. Transfer of the plasmid to the 3-chlorobenzoate-degrading bacterium Pseudomonas sp. B13 allowed the recipient to mineralize 3-chlorobiphenyl. Other catabolic prime plasmids were obtained from JB1 by selection on m-hydroxybenzoate and tyrosine as carbon sources. 16S rRNA sequence data demonstrated that the in vivo transfer of bph was achieved between bacteria belonging to two different branches of the beta-Proteobacteria.
  • Journal article
    Bahn S, Harvey RJ, Darlison MG, Wisden Wet al., 1996,

    Conservation of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor alpha 6 subunit gene expression in cerebellar granule cells

    , J Neurochem, Vol: 66, Pages: 1810-1818, ISSN: 0022-3042
  • Journal article
    Wisden W, Korpi ER, Bahn S, 1996,

    The cerebellum: a model system for studying GABA-A receptor diversity

    , Neuropharmacology, Vol: 35, Pages: 1139-1160, ISSN: 0028-3908

    The basic unsolved questions concerning GABAA receptors are: "How many receptor subtypes exist?", "What subtypes are used by which types of neuron and where are they located on the cell?", and "What are the functions of the different subtypes?" As described in this Review, the cerebellum is an ideal vertebrate brain region for investigating these issues.
  • Journal article
    Grant AL, Jones A, Thomas KL, Wisden Wet al., 1996,

    Characterization of the rat hippocalcin gene: the 5' flanking region directs expression to the hippocampus

    , Neuroscience, Vol: 75, Pages: 1099-1115, ISSN: 0306-4522
  • Journal article
    Jones A, Bahn S, Grant AL, Kohler M, Wisden Wet al., 1996,

    Characterization of a cerebellar granule cell-specific gene encoding the gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor alpha 6 subunit

    , J Neurochem, Vol: 67, Pages: 907-916, ISSN: 0022-3042

    The alpha 6 subunit of gamma-aminobutyric type A receptors is a marker for cerebellar granule cells and is an attractive candidate to study cell-specific gene expression in the brain. The mouse alpha 6 subunit gene has nine exons and spans approximately 14 kb. The largest intron (intron 8) is approximately 7 kb. For a minority of mRNAs, a missplice of the first exon was identified that disrupts the signal peptide and most likely results in the production of nonfunctional protein. The gene is transcribed from a TATA-less promoter that uses multiple start sites. Using transgenic mice, it was found that the proximal 0.5 kb of the rat alpha 6 gene upstream region confers expression on a beta-galactosidase reporter gene. One founder gave rise to a line with cerebellar granule cell-specific expression, although expression varied with lobule region. Other founders had ectopic but neuron-specific expression, with beta-galactosidase found in cerebellar Purkinje cells, neocortex, thalamus, hippocampus, caudate-putamen, and inferior colliculi. Thus, we have defined a region containing the basal promoter of the alpha 6 subunit gene and that confers neuron-specific expression.

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