\documentclass[]{aiaa-tc}%  Info: http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/aiaa/
\setlength{\footskip}{32.50844pt}

\usepackage{lettrine}%  Dropped capital letter at beginning of paragraph
\usepackage{iepc2025}%  IEPC style file, adds formatting between the title and the authors, and in the footnote.  Requires the input \IEPCsubmissionnumber{xxx} (see below).
\usepackage{url}

\IEPCsubmissionnumber{xxx} % Insert your Submission ID, replacing the xxx. Add leading zeros if the ID is less than 3 digits.  


% ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\title{Preparation of Papers for IEPC 2025 using \LaTeX}
% ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------


% ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\author{
First A. Author\thanks{Insert Job Title, Department Name, and email address for first author.}~%
~and Second B. Author\thanks{Insert Job Title, Department Name, and email address for second author.}\\%
{\normalsize\it{Business or Academic Affiliation 1, City, State, Zip Code, Country}}\\%
\\%
Third Author\thanks{Insert Job Title, Department Name, and email address for third author.}\\%
{\normalsize\it{Business or Academic Affiliation 2, City, Province, Zip Code, Country}}\\%
\\%
{\normalsize\it{and}}\\%
\\%
Fourth C. Author\thanks{Insert Job Title, Department Name, and email address for fourth author (etc).}\\%
{\normalsize\it{Business or Academic Affiliation 3, City, State, Zip Code, Country}}\\%
}
% ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------


\begin{document}

\maketitle


\begin{abstract}

Abstract: These instructions give you guidelines for preparing papers for the 39th IEPC.
Use this document as a template if you are using \LaTeX.
Define all symbols used in the abstract. Do not cite references in the
abstract. The footnote on the first page should list the job title
and email address for each author.

\end{abstract}

\section*{Nomenclature}

\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{lp{5in}}

$A$         & = amplitude of oscillation \\
$a$         & = cylinder diameter \\
$C_{p}$     & = pressure coefficient \\
$C_{x}$     & = force coefficient in the $x$ direction \\
$C_{y}$     & = force coefficient in the $y$ direction \\
$c$         & = chord \\
$dt$        & = time step \\
$F_{x}$     & = X component of the resultant pressure force acting on the vehicle \\
$F_{y}$     & = Y component of the resultant pressure force acting on the vehicle \\
$f,g$       & = generic functions \\
$h$         & = height \\
$i$         & = time index during navigation \\
$j$         & = waypoint index\\
$K$         & = trailing-edge (TE) nondimensional angular deflection rate\\

\end{tabular}
\end{center}

\newpage

\section{Introduction}

\lettrine[nindent=0pt]{T}{his} document is a template for \LaTeX~ full-text papers.
All manuscripts must be submitted electronically by September 7th, 2025 via the IEPC 2025 website at \\
https://www.imperial.ac.uk/iepc2025/submissions/full-paperposter-submission/. Authors are responsible for obtaining the correct clearances and permission to release the paper. Please follow carefully the instructions on the paper submission page and on the Oxford Abstracts platform.

\section{General Guidelines}

The styles and formats for the IEPC 2025 Template have been
incorporated into the structure of this document. If you are using
\LaTeX, please use this template to prepare your manuscript. A template 
for Microsoft Word is available separately. Please upload a PDF of the final typeset manuscript.

When using Overleaf, if you encounter troubles compiling the .tex file, try to change the PDF viewer to Browser (see \url{http://www.overleaf.com/learn/how-to/Changing_PDF_viewer} for additional information). 

\subsection{Document Text}

The default font for the IEPC 2025 papers is Times New Roman, 10-point
size. The first line of every paragraph should be indented, and all
lines should be single-spaced. Default margins are 1-inch (2.54 cm)
on all sides. In the electronic version of this template, all
margins and other formatting is preset. There should be no
additional lines between paragraphs.

\begin{quote}
Extended quotes, such as this example, are to be used when material
being cited is longer than a few sentences, or the standard
quotation format is not practical. Extended quotes are to be in Times 
New Roman, 9-point font, indented 0.4'' and full justified.
\end{quote}

\subsection{Headings}

The title of your paper should be typed in bold, 18-point type, with
capital and lower-case letters, and centered at the top of the page. \\
As shown at the top of the first page, the words “IEPC-2025-XXX” should follow, where “XXX” is the Submission ID you received in your acceptance email from Oxford Abstracts in June. Use leading zeroes for the Submission ID if this is fewer than 3 digits. This is accomplished in this template by including \verb|\usepackage{iepc2025}| and
\verb|\IEPCsubmissionnumber{xxx}| as demonstrated in the beginning
of this document. \\
The names of the authors, business or academic
affiliation, city, and state/province should follow on separate
lines below the title. The names of authors with the same
affiliation can be listed on the same line above their collective
affiliation information. Author names are centered, and affiliations
are centered and in italic type. The affiliation line for each
author is to include that author's city, state, and zip/postal code
(or city, province, zip/postal code and country, as appropriate).
The first footnote (lower left-hand side) is to contain the job
title and department name, and email address of each author.

Major headings (\verb|\section{}|) are bold 11-point font, centered,
and numbered with Roman numerals.

Subheadings (\verb|\subsection{}|) are bold, flush left, and
numbered with capital letters.

Sub-Subheadings (\verb|\subsubsection{}|) are italic, flush left,
and numbered (1. 2. 3. etc.)

\subsection{Abstract}

The abstract should appear at the beginning of your paper. It should
be one paragraph long (not an introduction) and complete in itself
(no reference numbers). It should indicate subjects dealt with in
the paper and state the relevance and objectives of the
investigation followed by an accurate but succinct summary of the
results or findings. Newly observed facts and conclusions of the
experiment or argument discussed in the paper must be stated in
summary form; readers should not have to read the paper to
understand the abstract. The abstract should be bold, indented 3
picas (1/2") on each side, and separated from the rest of the
document by two blank lines.

\subsection{Footnotes and References}

Footnotes, where they appear, should be placed above the 1-inch
(2.54 cm) margin at the bottom of the page.  Footnotes are formatted
automatically in \LaTeX.

List and number all bibliographical references at the end of the
paper. Corresponding superscript numbers are used to cite references
in the text,$^{1}$ unless the citation is an integral part of the
sentence (e.g., ``It is shown in Ref.~2 that...") or follows a
mathematical expression: ``$A^{2} + B = C$ (Ref.~3)." For multiple
citations, separate reference numbers with commas,$^{4,5}$ or use a
dash to show a range.$^{6-8}$ Reference citations in the text should
be in numerical order. In the reference list, give all authors'
names; do not use ``et al." unless there are six authors or more.
Papers that have not been published should be cited as
``unpublished"; papers that have been submitted or accepted for
publication should be cited as ``submitted for publication." Private
communications and personal Web sites should appear as footnotes
rather than in the reference list.

References should be cited according to the standard publication
reference style (for examples, see the ``References" section of this
template). As a rule, all words are capitalized except for articles,
conjunctions, and prepositions of four letters or fewer. Names and
locations of publishers should be listed; month and year should be
included for reports and papers. For papers published in translation
journals, please give the English citation first, followed by the
original foreign language citation.

\subsection{Images, Figures, and Tables}

\begin{figure}[t]
  \centering
  \includegraphics[width = 3.5 in, height = 2.5 in]{Paper-submission_For-Website_Resized.jpg}
  \caption{Sample figure - IEPC 2025 paper submission graphic}
  \label{fig1}
\end{figure}


All artwork, captions, figures, graphs, and tables will be reproduced in the IEPC 2025 online proceedings – to be published on Electric Rocket Propulsion Society (ERPS) website – exactly as submitted. Captions are
bold and justified, with a period and a single tab (no hyphen or
other character) between the figure number and figure description.

Place figure captions below all figures; place table titles above
the tables. If your figure has multiple parts, include the labels
``a)," ``b)," etc. below and to the left of each part, above the
figure caption. Please verify that the figures and tables you
mention in the text actually exist. Please do not include captions
as part of the figures, and do not put captions in separate text
boxes linked to the figures. When citing a figure in the text, use
the abbreviation ``Fig." except at the beginning of a sentence. Do
not abbreviate ``Table." Number each different type of illustration
(i.e., figures, tables, images) sequentially with relation to other
illustrations of the same type.

Figure axis labels are often a source of confusion. Use words rather
than symbols. For example, in a hypothetical "magnetization vs applied field" plot, write the quantity
``Magnetization" rather than just ``M" on the vertical axis.  Do not enclose units in
parenthesis, but rather separate them from the preceding text by
commas. Do not label axes only with units. For
example, write ``Magnetization, A/m" or ``Magnetization,
A$\cdot$m$^{-1}$," not just ``A/m." Do not label axes with a ratio
of quantities and units. For example, write ``Temperature, K," not
``Temperature/K."

Multipliers can be especially confusing. Write ``Magnetization,
kA/m" or ``Magnetization, $10^{3}$ A/m." Do not write
``Magnetization (A/m) x 1000" because the reader would not then know
whether the top axis label in Fig.~1 meant 16000 A/m or 0.016 A/m.
Figure labels must be legible, approximately 8-12 point type.

\subsection{Equations, Numbers, Symbols, and Abbreviations}

Equations are centered and numbered consecutively, with equation
numbers in parentheses flush right, as in Eq.~(1). Use
\verb|\begin{equation}| and \verb|\end{equation}|.

A sample equation is included here, formatted using the preceding
instructions. To make your equation more compact, you can use the
solidus (/), the exp function, or appropriate exponents.  Use
parentheses to avoid ambiguities in denominators.

\begin{equation}\label{eqn1}
  \int^{r_{2}}_{0} F(r,\varphi)dr d\varphi = [\sigma
  r_{2}/(2\mu_{0})] \cdot \int^{\infty}_{0}
  \exp{(-\lambda|z_{j}-z_{i}|)}\lambda^{-1}J_{1}(\lambda
  r_{2})J_{0}(\lambda r_{i})d\lambda
\end{equation}

Be sure that the symbols in your equation are defined before the
equation appears, or immediately following. Italicize symbols ($T$
might refer to temperature, but T is the unit tesla). Refer to ``Eq.
(1)," not ``(1)" or ``equation (1)" except at the beginning of a
sentence: ``Equation (1) is..." Equations can be labeled other than
``Eq." should they represent inequalities, matrices, or boundary
conditions. If what is represented is really more than one equation,
the abbreviation ``Eqs." can be used.

Define abbreviations and acronyms the first time they are used in
the text, even after they have already been defined in the abstract.
Very common abbreviations such as IEPC, SI, ac, and dc do not have
to be defined. Abbreviations that incorporate periods should not
have spaces: write ``P.R.," not ``P. R." Delete periods between
initials if the abbreviation has three or more initials; e.g., U.N.
but ESA. Do not use abbreviations in the title unless they are
unavoidable (for instance, ``IEPC" in the title of this template).

\subsection{General Grammar and Preferred Usage}

Use only one space after periods or colons. Hyphenate complex
modifiers: ``zero-field-cooled magnetization." Avoid dangling
participles, such as, ``Using Eq.~(1), the potential was
calculated." [It is not clear who or what used Eq.~(1).] Write
instead ``The potential was calculated using Eq.~(1)," or ``Using
Eq.~(1), we calculated the potential."

Use a zero before decimal points: ``0.25," not ``.25." Use
``cm$^{2}$," not ``cc." Indicate sample dimensions as ``0.1 cm
$\times$ 0.2 cm," not ``0.1 $\times$ 0.2 cm$^{2}$." The preferred
abbreviation for ``seconds" is ``s," not ``sec." Do not mix complete
spellings and abbreviations of units: use ``Wb/m$^{2}$" or ``webers
per square meter," not ``webers/m$^{2}$." When expressing a range of
values, write ``7 to 9" or ``7--9," not ``7~9."

A parenthetical statement at the end of a sentence is punctuated
outside of the closing parenthesis (like this). (A parenthetical
sentence is punctuated within parenthesis.) In American English,
periods and commas are placed within quotation marks, like ``this
period." Other punctuation is ``outside"! Avoid contractions; for
example, write ``do not" instead of ``don't." The serial comma is
preferred: ``A, B, and C" instead of ``A, B and C."

If you wish, you may write in the first person singular or plural
and use the active voice (``I observed that..." or ``We observed
that..." instead of ``It was observed that..."). Remember to check
spelling. If your native language is not English, please ask a
native English-speaking colleague to proofread your paper.

The word ``data" is plural, not singular (i.e., ``data are," not
``data is"). The subscript for the permeability of vacuum $\mu_{0}$
is zero, not a lowercase letter ``o." The term for residual
magnetization is ``remanence"; the adjective is ``remanent"; do not
write ``remnance" or ``remnant." The word ``micrometer" is preferred
over ``micron" when spelling out this unit of measure. A graph
within a graph is an ``inset," not an ``insert." The word
``alternatively" is preferred to the word ``alternately" (unless you
really mean something that alternates). Use the word ``whereas"
instead of ``while" (unless you are referring to simultaneous
events). Do not use the word ``essentially" to mean ``approximately"
or ``effectively." Do not use the word ``issue" as a euphemism for
``problem." When compositions are not specified, separate chemical
symbols by en-dashes; for example, ``NiMn" indicates the
intermetallic compound Ni$_{0.5}$Mn$_{0.5}$ whereas ``Ni--Mn"
indicates an alloy of some composition Ni$_{x}$Mn$_{1-x}$.

Be aware of the different meanings of the homophones ``affect"
(usually a verb) and ``effect" (usually a noun), ``complement" and
``compliment," ``discreet" and ``discrete," ``principal" (e.g.,
``principal investigator") and ``principle" (e.g., ``principle of
measurement"). Do not confuse ``imply" and ``infer."

Prefixes such as ``non," ``sub," ``micro," ``multi," and ``ultra"
are not independent words; they should be joined to the words they
modify, usually without a hyphen. There is no period after the ``et"
in the abbreviation ``et al." The abbreviation ``i.e.," means ``that
is," and the abbreviation ``e.g.," means ``for example" (these
abbreviations are not italicized).

\section{Conclusion}

A conclusion section is not required, though it is preferred.
Although a conclusion may review the main points of the paper, do
not replicate the abstract as the conclusion. A conclusion might
elaborate on the importance of the work or suggest applications and
extensions. \emph{Note that the conclusion section is the last
section of the paper that should be numbered. The appendix (if
present), acknowledgment, and references should be listed without
numbers.}

\section*{Appendix}

An appendix, if needed, should appear before the acknowledgements.

\section*{Acknowledgments}

The preferred spelling of the word ``acknowledgment" in American
English is without the ``e" after the ``g." Avoid expressions such
as ``One of us (S.B.A.) would like to thank..." Instead, write ``F.
A. Author thanks..." \emph{Sponsor and financial support
acknowledgments are also to be listed in the ``acknowledgments"
section}.

\section*{References}

The following pages are intended to provide examples of the
different reference types. You are not required to indicate the type
of reference; different types are shown here for illustrative
purposes only.

\vspace{10pt}\noindent\emph{Periodicals}

$^{1}$Vatistas, G. H., Lin, S., and Kwok, C. K., ``Reverse Flow
Radius in Vortex Chambers," \emph{AIAA Journal}, Vol.~24, No.~11,
1986, pp.~1872, 1873.

$^{2}$Dornheim, M. A., ``Planetary Flight Surge Faces Budget
Realities," \emph{Aviation Week and Space Technology}, Vol.~145,
No.~24, 9 Dec.~1996, pp.~44-46.

$^{3}$Terster, W., ``NASA Considers Switch to Delta 2," \emph{Space
News}, Vol.~8, No.~2, 13-19 Jan.~1997, pp., 1, 18.
\\%

All of the preceding information is required. The journal issue
number (``No.~11" in Ref.~1) is preferred, but the month (Nov.) can
be substituted if the issue number is not available. Use the
complete date for daily and weekly publications. Transactions follow
the same style as other journals; if punctuation is necessary, use a
colon to separate the transactions title from the journal title.

\vspace{10pt}\noindent\emph{Books}

$^{4}$Peyret, R., and Taylor, T.~D., \emph{Computational Methods in
Fluid Flow}, 2nd ed., Springer-Verlag, New York, 1983, Chaps.~7, 14.

$^{5}$Oates, G.~C.~(ed.), \emph{Aerothermodynamics of Gas Turbine
and Rocket Propulsion}, AIAA Education Series, AIAA, New York, 1984,
pp.~19, 136.

$^{6}$Volpe, R., ``Techniques for Collision Prevention, Impact
Stability, and Force Control by Space Manipulators,"
\emph{Teleoperation and Robotics in Space}, edited by S.~B.~Skaar
and C.~F.~Ruoff, Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics, AIAA,
Washington, DC, 1994, pp.~175-212.
\\%

Publisher, place, and date of publication are required for all
books. No state or country is required for major cities: New York,
London, Moscow, etc. A differentiation must always be made between
Cambridge, MA, and Cambridge, England, UK. Note that series titles
are in roman type.
\\%

\vspace{10pt}\noindent\emph{Proceedings}

$^{7}$Thompson, C.~M., ``Spacecraft Thermal Control, Design, and
Operation," \emph{AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control
Conference}, CP849, Vol.~1, AIAA, Washington, DC, 1989, pp.~103-115

$^{8}$Chi, Y., (ed.), \emph{Fluid Mechanics Proceedings}, SP-255,
NASA, 1993.

$^{9}$Morris, J.~D. ``Convective Heat Transfer in Radially Rotating
Ducts," \emph{Proceedings of the Annual Heat Transfer Conference},
edited by B.~Corbell, Vol.~1, Inst. Of Mechanical Engineering, New
York, 1992, pp.~227-234.
\\%

At a minimum, proceedings must have the same information as other
book references: paper (chapter) and volume title, name and location
of publisher, editor (if applicable), and pages or chapters cited.
Do not include paper numbers in proceedings references, and delete
the conference location so that it is not confused with the
publisher's location (which is mandatory, except for government
agencies). Frequently, CP or SP numbers (Conference Proceedings or
Symposium Proceedings numbers) are also given. These elements are
not necessary, but when provided, their places should be as shown in
the preceding examples.

\vspace{10pt}\noindent\emph{Reports, Theses, and Individual Papers}

$^{10}$Chapman, G.~T., and Tobak, M., ``Nonlinear Problems in Flight
Dynamics," NASA TM-85940, 1984.

$^{11}$Steger, J.~L., Jr., Nietubicz, C.~J., and Heavey, J.~E., ``A
General Curvilinear Grid Generation Program for Projectile
Configurations," U.S~ Army Ballistic Research Lab.,
Rept.~ARBRL-MR03142, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, Oct.~1981.

$^{12}$Tseng, K., ``Nonlinear Green's Function Method for Transonic
Potential Flow," Ph.D.~Dissertation, Aeronautics and Astronautics
Dept., Boston Univ., Cambridge, MA, 1983.
\\%

Government agency reports do not require locations. For reports such
as NASA TM-85940, neither insert nor delete dashes; leave them as
provided by the author. Place of publication \emph{should} be given,
although it is not mandatory, for military and company reports.
Always include a city and state for universities. Papers need only
the name of the sponsor; neither the sponsor's location nor the
conference name and location are required. \emph{Do not confuse
proceedings references with conference papers}.

\vspace{10pt}\noindent\emph{Electronic Publications}

CD-ROM publications and regularly issued, dated electronic journals
are permitted as references. Archived data sets also may be
referenced as long as the material is openly accessible and the
repository is committed to archiving the data indefinitely.
References to electronic data available only from personal Web sites
or commercial, academic, or government ones where there is no
commitment to archiving the data are not permitted (see Private
Communications and Web sites).
\\%

$^{13}$Richard, J.~C., and Fralick, G.~C., ``Use of Drag Probe in
Supersonic Flow," \emph{AIAA Meeting Papers on Disc} [CD-ROM],
Vol.~1, No.~2, AIAA, Reston, VA, 1996.

$^{14}$Atkins, C.~P., and Scantelbury, J.~D., ``The Activity
Coefficient of Sodium Chloride in a Simulated Pore Solution
Environment," \emph{Journal of Corrosion Science and Engineering}
[online journal], Vol.~1, No.~1, Paper 2, URL:
\underline{http://www.cp/umist.ac.uk/JCSE/vol1/vol1.html} [cited 13
April 1998].

$^{15}$Vickers, A., ``10-110 mm/hr Hypodermic Gravity Design A,"
\emph{Rainfall Simulation Database} [online database], URL:
\underline{http://www.geog.le.ac.uk/bgrg/lab.htm} [cited 15 March
1998].
\\%

Always include the citation date for online references. Break Web
site addresses after punctuation, and do not hyphenate at line
breaks.

\vspace{10pt}\noindent\emph{Computer Software}

$^{16}$TAPP, Thermochemical and Physical Properties, Software
Package, Ver.~1.0, E.~S.~Microware, Hamilton, OH, 1992.
\\%

Include a version number and the company name and location of
software packages.

\vspace{10pt}\noindent\emph{Patents}

Patents appear infrequently. Be sure to include the patent number
and date.
\\%

$^{17}$Scherrer, R., Overholster, D., and Watson, K., Lockheed
Corp., Burbank, CA, U.S. Patent Application for a ``Vehicle," Docket
No.~P-01-1532, filed 11 Feb.~1979.

\vspace{10pt}\noindent\emph{Private Communications and Web Sites}

References to private communications and personal Web site addresses
are generally not permitted. Private communications can be defined
as privately held unpublished letters or notes or conversations
between an author and one or more individuals. They \emph{may} be
cited as references in some case studies, if absolutely necessary.
Depending on the circumstances, private communications and Web site
addresses may be incorporated into the main text of a manuscript or
may appear in footnotes.

\vspace{10pt}\noindent\emph{Unpublished Papers and Books}

Unpublished works can be used as references as long as they are
being considered for publication or can be located by the reader
(such as papers that are part of an archival collection). If a
journal paper or a book is being considered for publication choose
the format that reflects the status of the work (depending upon
whether it has been accepted for publication):
\\%

$^{18}$Doe, J., ``Title of Paper," \emph{Name of Journal} (to be
published).

$^{19}$Doe, J., ``Title of Chapter," \emph{Name of Book}, edited by
Publisher's name and location (to be published).

$^{20}$Doe, J., ``Title of Work," Name of Archive, Univ.~(or
organization) Name, City, State, Year (unpublished).
\\%

Unpublished works in an archive \emph{must} include the name of the
archive and the name and location of the university or other
organization where the archive is held. Also include any cataloging
information that may be provided. Always query for an update if a
work is about to be published.


\end{document}


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