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Journal articleMullish BH, Quraishi MN, Segal JP, et al., 2021,
The gut microbiome: what every gastroenterologist needs to know
, Frontline Gastroenterology, Vol: 12, Pages: 118-127, ISSN: 2041-4137<jats:p>The mucosal surfaces of the body are characterised by complex, specialised microbial communities, often referred to as the<jats:italic>microbiome</jats:italic>. However, only much more recently—with the development of technologies allowing exploration of the composition and functionality of these communities—has meaningful research in this area become feasible. Over the past few years, there has been rapid growth in interest in the gut microbiome in particular, and its potential contribution to gastrointestinal and liver disease. This interest has already extended beyond clinicians to pharmaceutical companies, medical regulators and other stakeholders, and is high profile among patients and the lay public in general. Such expansion of knowledge holds the intriguing potential for translation into novel diagnostics and therapeutics; however, being such a nascent field, there remain many uncertainties, unanswered questions and areas of debate.</jats:p>
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Journal articleAllegretti JR, Kassam Z, Hurtado J, et al., 2021,
Impact of fecal microbiota transplantation with capsules on the prevention of metabolic syndrome among patients with obesity
, HORMONES-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM, Vol: 20, Pages: 209-211, ISSN: 1109-3099- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 20
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Conference paperGhani R, Mullish B, Innes A, et al., 2021,
Faecal microbiota transplant (FMT) prior to allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in patients colonised with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) results in improved survival
, ECCMID -
ReportNICE, 2021,
Faecal microbiota transplant for recurrent or refractory Clostridioides difficile infection
, Medtech innovation briefing [MIB247] -
Journal articleLetertre MPM, Myridakis A, Whiley L, et al., 2021,
A targeted ultra performance liquid chromatography - Tandem mass spectrometric assay for tyrosine and metabolites in urine and plasma: Application to the effects of antibiotics on mice
, JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES, Vol: 1164, ISSN: 1570-0232- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 5
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ReportMorgan A, Vander Broek C, 2021,
Microbiome Strategic Roadmap
, Publisher: KTN -
Conference paperMonaghan T, Russell L, Rosati E, et al., 2021,
P307 FMT-associated alterations in the TCR repertoire of patients with severe or fulminant Clostridioides difficile infection
, BSG Campus, Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group, Pages: A199-A200, ISSN: 0017-5749 -
Journal articleMichael DR, Davies TS, Jack AA, et al., 2020,
Daily supplementation with the Lab4P probiotic consortium induces significant weight loss in overweight adults
, Scientific Reports, Vol: 11<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>This 9-month randomised, parallel, double-blind, single-centre, placebo-controlled study (PROBE, ISRCTN18030882) assessed the impact of probiotic supplementation on bodyweight. Seventy overweight Bulgarian participants aged 45–65 years with BMI 25–29.9 kg/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> received a daily dose of the Lab4P probiotic comprising lactobacilli and bifidobacteria (50 billion cfu/day). Participants maintained their normal diet and lifestyle over the duration of the study. The primary outcome was change from baseline in body weight and secondary outcomes included changes in waist circumference, hip circumference and blood pressure. A significant between group decrease in body weight (3.16 kg, 95% CI 3.94, 2.38, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.0001) was detected favouring the probiotic group. Supplementation also resulted in significant between group decreases in waist circumference (2.58 cm, 95% CI 3.23, 1.94, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.0001) and hip circumference (2.66 cm, 95% CI 3.28, 2.05, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.0001) but no changes in blood pressure were observed. These findings support the outcomes of a previous shorter-term Lab4P intervention study in overweight and obese participants (PROMAGEN, ISRCTN12562026). We conclude that Lab4P has consistent weight modulation capability in free-living overweight adults.</jats:p>
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Journal articleHuus KE, Frankowski M, Pučić-Baković M, et al., 2021,
Changes in IgA-targeted microbiota following fecal transplantation for recurrent <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infection
, Gut Microbes, Vol: 13, ISSN: 1949-0976 -
Journal articleMullish BH, Allegretti JR, 2021,
The contribution of bile acid metabolism to the pathogenesis of <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infection
, Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology, Vol: 14, Pages: 175628482110177-175628482110177, ISSN: 1756-2848<jats:p> Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) remains a major global cause of gastrointestinal infection, with significant associated morbidity, mortality and impact upon healthcare system resources. Recent antibiotic use is a key risk factor for the condition, with the marked antibiotic-mediated perturbations in gut microbiome diversity and composition that underpin the pathogenesis of CDI being well-recognised. However, only relatively recently has further insight been gained into the specific mechanistic links between these gut microbiome changes and CDI, with alteration of gut microbial metabolites – in particular, bile acid metabolism – being a particular area of focus. A variety of in vitro, ex vivo, animal model and human studies have now demonstrated that loss of gut microbiome members with bile-metabolising capacity (including bile salt hydrolases, and 7-α-dehydroxylase) – with a resulting alteration of the gut bile acid milieu – contributes significantly to the disease process in CDI. More specifically, this microbiome disruption results in the enrichment of primary conjugated bile acids (including taurocholic acid, which promotes the germination of C. difficile spores) and loss of secondary bile acids (which inhibit the growth of C. difficile, and may bind to and limit activity of toxins produced by C. difficile). These bile acid changes are also associated with reduced activity of the farnesoid X receptor pathway, which may exacerbate C. difficile colitis throughout its impact upon gut barrier function and host immune/inflammatory response. Furthermore, a key mechanism of efficacy of faecal microbiota transplant (FMT) in treating recurrent CDI has been shown to be restoration of gut microbiome bile metabolising functionality; ensuring the presence of this functionality among defined microbial communities (and other ‘next generation’ FMT products) designed to treat CDI may be critical to their success. &
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