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  • Journal article
    Simmonds O, Maddren R, Collyer B, Abtew B, Liyew EF, Chernet M, Tollera G, Tasew G, Knife E, Belachew M, Hailu M, Awol Y, Anderson RMet al., 2026,

    Predisposition to Ascaris lumbricoides reinfection in the Geshiyaro project in southern Ethiopia.

    , Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg

    OBJECTIVES: Predisposition to reinfection is characterized by certain individuals repeatedly acquiring infection at higher rates than others in the population despite treatment. As endemic regions approach low prevalence levels, such individuals will act as reservoirs of infection and contribute to sustaining transmission cycles in communities. This study investigated evidence for individual-level predisposition to Ascaris lumbricoides infections using longitudinal data from the Geshiyaro project in southern Ethiopia. METHODS: Longitudinal parasitological data collected over 7 years were analysed. Kendall's tau (τ) correlation coefficient was used to assess temporal persistence of infection between successive survey rounds, and Kendall's coefficient of concordance (W) was used to evaluate long-term stability in individuals' relative infection risk over many years of survey rounds. RESULTS: Positive correlations in infection status between survey rounds were observed (τ = 0.10-0.30, P < .001). Moderate concordance in infection ranking across the study period was also detected (W = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.42-0.45; P < .001), indicating persistent individual-level predisposition over many years of treatment and reinfection. CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate sustained heterogeneity in infection risk within endemic communities. As transmission declines, identifying individuals predisposed to reinfection may help inform targeted or complementary 'test-and-treat' strategies to support interruption of A. lumbricoides transmission.
  • Journal article
    Grant R, Zanella MC, Gan C, Pitton M, Lachat V, Ort C, Graf C, Harbarth S, Julian TR, Abbas Met al., 2026,

    Erratum to “Wastewater-based surveillance of respiratory viruses in a geriatric hospital: a pilot study” [J Hosp Infect 171 (2026) 1–10, (S0195670126000459), (10.1016/j.jhin.2026.02.001)]

    , Journal of Hospital Infection, Vol: 173, ISSN: 0195-6701

    The publisher regrets that an error was introduced during the production process which affected the CRediT authorship contribution statement for this paper. The correct CRediT authorship contribution statement for M.-C. Zanella is: “Writing – review & editing, Supervision, Funding acquisition, Conceptualization”. The publisher would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.
  • Journal article
    Bosetti D, Grant R, Chalot E, Abbas M, Buetti N, François P, Harbarth Set al., 2026,

    Mortality of CC398 Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections among hospitalised patients in a Swiss university hospital: a retrospective cohort study.

    , Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, Vol: 45, Pages: 2185-2189
  • Journal article
    Kim Y, Donnelly CA, 2026,

    Estimating the Potential Burden of Clinically Significant Hantavirus Cases in Argentina.

    , Lancet Reg Health Eur, Vol: 66
  • Journal article
    McCabe R, Ebbarnezh L, Okware S, Fotsing R, Koua E, Mbaka P, Lofungola A, Ebengo DM, Mbala PK, Bishola TT, Ibolobolo CM, Matondo HM, Sibo J-CM, van Elsland SL, McMenamin M, Ferguson NM, le Polain de Waroux O, Cori Aet al., 2026,

    Estimation of the Ebola outbreak size in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

    , Lancet Infect Dis, Vol: 26, Pages: e279-e280
  • Journal article
    Mohan S, Chagoma N, Walker S, Arega CA, Chalkley M, Collins J, Connolly E, Colbourn T, Janoušková E, Mangal TD, Manthalu G, Mfutso-Bengo J, Molaro M, Nkhoma D, Phillips A, Sharma L, She B, Tafesse W, Twea PD, Revill P, Hallett TBet al., 2026,

    Estimating System-Wide Healthcare Costs Using a Health System Model: Application to the Thanzi La Onse Model of Malawi.

    , Appl Health Econ Health Policy, Vol: 24, Pages: 707-725

    OBJECTIVES: Modelling approaches that consider system-wide delivery platforms rather than single diseases can be instrumental in economic evaluation and forward-looking policy formulation. This study develops a costing approach tailored to the Thanzi La Onse (TLO) model of Malawi's healthcare system, with general applicability to other health system models. METHODS: We developed a mixed-method costing approach to estimate the total cost of healthcare delivery (excluding high-level administrative costs) in Malawi using the TLO model, from a healthcare provider perspective. Through iterative adjustments of key parameters, we aligned model-based estimates as closely as possible with real-world expenditure and budget data. Costs were projected for 2023-2030 under alternative scenarios of health system capacity. RESULTS: A comparison with expenditure and budget data suggests our costing method is broadly reliable for the conditions captured by the model, though some mismatches remain owing to data limitations and definitional inconsistencies. Under current system capacity, total healthcare delivery costs for 2023-2030 were estimated at 2.83 billion US dollars [95% uncertainty interval (UI), $2.80-$2.87 billion], excluding non-medical infrastructure and administrative costs, averaging $390.98 million [$385.92-$396.71 million] annually or $16.89 [$16.75-$17.08] per capita. Scenario analysis highlighted strong interdependencies within the health system. Improving consumable availability alone increased consumables costs by 4.63%, while expanding human resources for health (HRH) alone increased them by 1.43%. When both HRH and consumable availability were expanded together, consumable costs rose by 5.93%, a combined effect larger than either change alone, illustrating how bottlenecks in one component constrain the impact of improvements in another. CONCLUSIONS: Mixed-method costing using health system models is a feasible and robust method to estimate and forecast
  • Journal article
    Ladhani SN, Trotter C, Borrow R, Amirthalingam G, Ramsay MEet al., 2026,

    Meningococcal disease, meningococcal vaccines, and the recent meningococcal outbreak in Kent, UK.

    , Lancet Infect Dis, Vol: 26, Pages: 653-655
  • Journal article
    Collins JH, Tafesse W, Chitsulo P, Hallett TB, Janoušková E, Mfutso-Bengo J, Mnjowe E, Mohan S, Mulwafu W, Mwapasa V, Nkhoma D, She B, Suarez M, Colbourn Tet al., 2026,

    Healthcare service user-reported quality of care in Malawi: a national multifacility cross-sectional study.

    , BMJ Open, Vol: 16

    OBJECTIVE: Improving healthcare service user-reported quality of care is one of the three core objectives of the Malawian government's health sector strategic plan. As such, a robust understanding of service user-reported quality is crucial to inform the development of patient-centred services. This study aimed to explore how service users in Malawi evaluate the quality of the healthcare they receive across services and facilities and to investigate the association between individual and health service characteristics and reported quality of care. DESIGN: A national multifacility cross-sectional study using service user exit interview data in which all central hospitals were sampled and remaining facilities were selected via random stratified sampling. Participants were recruited via random selection based on daily patient load within sampled facilities. Descriptive statistics of service user-reported quality of care were estimated in addition to multinomial logistic regression analyses used to determine the association between patient and healthcare characteristics and perceived care quality. SETTINGS: 30 health facilities across 15 districts in Malawi. PARTICIPANTS: 4181 respondents surveyed after completing their visit and exiting healthcare facilities between January and May 2024. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Overall service user-reported quality of care for the facility visit as a categorical variable. This was derived from the Likert scale survey statement assessing 'overall' quality of the participant's visit, with three responses: 'very good', 'good', 'neutral-very bad'. RESULTS: Quality of care was reported as being high with 58% of respondents rating care as 'good' and 35% as 'very good', with some variation by 'dimension' of care (eg, treatment availability). Positive or negative perceptions of care quality were associated with age, sex, education level, illness severity, previously seeking care, referral, facility type, non-governmental facility ownership
  • Journal article
    Walker JG, Baggaley RF, Myring G, Irvine MA, Asgharzadeh A, Laurence YV, Bell E, Schoemig V, Cross E, Allison S, Kundu B, McNaughton AL, Brown J, Cresswell D, van Halsema C, Hassan-Ibrahim MO, Roberts J, Ahmad S, Todd R, Heath R, Ward Z, Simmons R, May T, Hill-Tout R, Horwood J, Desai M, Vickerman P, Djuretic T, Hickman M, Mandal Set al., 2026,

    Cost-effectiveness of emergency department opt-out testing for HIV in England: a modelling study.

    , Lancet HIV

    BACKGROUND: In England, up to 5% of people living with HIV are undiagnosed and the proportion of late diagnoses remains high. Opt-out testing could help to identify people living with undiagnosed HIV who might not access testing in other settings. We aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the first phase of UK National Health Service (NHS)-funded opt-out testing for HIV in emergency departments, which scaled up from 2022. METHODS: We adapted a previously developed deterministic model of HIV diagnosis, progression, and transmission to simulate the impact of the first 33 months of the opt-out testing intervention in improving HIV diagnosis, incorporating programme data on CD4 cell count at diagnosis. We conducted a bottom-up costing of the intervention in two sites, from an NHS perspective, and gathered costs of HIV care from the literature. In the base case we assumed 93% of new diagnoses would not have been diagnosed elsewhere during the programme as these individuals had never previously been tested for HIV. Cost-effectiveness is presented as incremental costs per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained over 20 years compared with a £25 000-35 000 per QALY threshold. We explored scenario analyses to address the limitations of the model assumptions. FINDINGS: The mean cost per HIV test was £6·31 (US$7·91). Under base case assumptions, emergency department opt-out testing is projected to avert 187 HIV-related deaths (95% credible interval 182-196) and 28 secondary acquisitions (26-52) over 20 years, costing £18 630 (17 413-23 119) per QALY gained. This result is robust (below £35 000 per QALY) to different assumptions about HIV-related quality of life and HIV care costs, HIV-related mortality, and the rate of diagnosis outside the programme. Under a lower test yield scenario of 0·20 new diagnoses per 1000 tests (compared with 0·29 in the base case), the intervention remains cost-effective at £25 000 per
  • Journal article
    Topazian H, Morgan C, Goel V, 2026,

    Spatial and temporal associations between animal ownership and malaria prevalence in Africa using cross-sectional national Demographic and Health Surveys

    , One Health, ISSN: 2352-7714

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