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  • Journal article
    Ghani AC, Donnelly CA, Anderson RM, 2003,

    Patterns of antiretroviral use in the United States of America: analysis of three observational databases.

    , HIV Med, Vol: 4, Pages: 24-32, ISSN: 1464-2662

    OBJECTIVE: To characterize patterns of antiretroviral use in HIV-infected patients and explore variation by patient characteristics and disease stage. METHODS: Three large patient databases recording information derived from routine clinical attendance were analyzed: HIV Insight (n = 10 873), Target Management Services (n = 2226) and Clinical Partners (n = 1505). Each database records the dates of starting and stopping individual antiretroviral agents over time, measurements of CD4 T-cell counts and HIV-RNA levels at approximately 6-monthly intervals, and the demographic characteristics of patients. The number, frequency and duration of different antiretroviral combinations over time and their relationship to stage of HIV-disease and demographic characteristics were explored. RESULTS: Over 2000 different combinations of antiretroviral agents are recorded. From 1987 onwards, the use of zidovudine increased, with 23% of patients receiving monotherapy by 1990. The majority of treated patients remained on monotherapy until the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in 1996. By 1999, the standard of care was HAART, with 84% of patients beginning antiretroviral therapy with HAART. Those of African American race (odds ratio 0.59) and funded by Medicaid (odds ratio 0.72) were significantly less likely to begin antiretroviral therapy on HAART. Until 1995, there was a significant decrease in CD4 T-cell count when starting antiretroviral therapy. No significant trend was observed in either CD4 T-cell count or viral load after this time. Those starting on HAART therapies were significantly less likely to stop or switch regimens than those on nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)-only therapies (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Complex patterns of antiretroviral treatment are observed in this large population. Changes over time mirror the introduction of the new antiretroviral agents.
  • Journal article
    Pickles M, Urrestilla J, 2003,

    Nielsen-Olesen strings in supersymmetric models

    , JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS, ISSN: 1029-8479
  • Journal article
    Grassly NC, Lowndes CM, Rhodes T, Judd A, Renton A, Garnett GPet al., 2003,

    Modelling emerging HIV epidemics: the role of injecting drug use and sexual transmission in the Russian Federation, China and India.

    , International Journal of Drug Policy, Vol: 14, Pages: 25-43
  • Journal article
    Donnelly CA, Ferguson NM, Ghani AC, Anderson RMet al., 2003,

    Extending backcalculation to analyse BSE data

    , STATISTICAL METHODS IN MEDICAL RESEARCH, Vol: 12, Pages: 177-190, ISSN: 0962-2802
  • Thesis dissertation
    De La Force C, 2003,

    Synthesis imaging of radio jets from X-ray binaries
  • Journal article
    Grassly NC, Garnett GP, 2003,

    Explicit models make better policy

    , International Journal of Drug Policy, Vol: 14, Pages: 339-341
  • Journal article
    Ghani AC, Ferguson NM, Donnelly CA, Anderson RMet al., 2003,

    Short-term projections for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease onsets

    , STATISTICAL METHODS IN MEDICAL RESEARCH, Vol: 12, Pages: 191-201, ISSN: 0962-2802
  • Journal article
    Carabin H, Escalona M, Marshall C, Vivas-Martínez S, Botto C, Joseph L, Basáñez MGet al., 2003,

    Prediction of community prevalence of human onchocerciasis in the Amazonian onchocerciasis focus:: Bayesian approach

    , BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, Vol: 81, Pages: 482-490, ISSN: 0042-9686
  • Book chapter
    Ghani A, Boily M-C, 2003,

    The epidemiology of HIV/AIDS: Contributions to infectious diseases epidemiology

    , LEarning from HIV and AIDS, Editors: Ellison, Parker, Campbell, Publisher: Cambridge University Press, Pages: 59-87
  • Book chapter
    Gregson S, 2003,

    The influence of HIV/AIDS on demography and demographic research

    , Learning from HIV and AIDS, Editors: Ellison, Parker, Campbell, Publisher: Cambridge University Press

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