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• Journal article
  Fraser K, Stowe D, GallowaY S, Senkader S, Falster R, Wilshaw Pet al., 2007,

  The role of dislocations in producing efficient near-bandgap luminescence from silicon

  , PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C - CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, VOL 4, NO 8, Vol: 4, Pages: 2977-+, ISSN: 1862-6351
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  • Citations: 2
• Journal article
  Brisson M, Van de Velde N, Boily MC, 2007,

  The potential cost-effectiveness of prophylactic human papillomavirus vaccines in Canada

  , Vaccine, Vol: 25, Pages: 5399-5408
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• Journal article
  Cauchemez S, Ferguson NM, 2007,

  Likelihood-based estimation of continuous-time epidemic models from time-series data: Application to measles transmission in London

  , Journal of the Royal Society Interface
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• Journal article
  Hauck K, Street A, 2007,

  Do targets matter? A comparison of English and Welsh National Health priorities

  , Health Economics, Vol: 16, Pages: 275-290, ISSN: 1099-1050

  National priorities and performance management regimes in the National Health Services of England and Wales diverged following devolution, most notably with respect to the use of waiting time targets, which have been progressively strengthened in England but were abandoned in Wales in the immediate post-devolution period. We analyse routine data collected over a six-year period from three English and one Welsh hospital trust close to the English–Welsh border to ascertain whether: (a) there is evidence of differential performance over time that relates to the country where the hospital is located; (b) within each hospital, there is evidence that English and Welsh patients faced different waiting times. Over the period the English hospitals recorded increased levels of activity, undertook proportionately more day case activity, and mortality rates fell. Activity levels remained constant in Wales, the proportion of day case activity fell, proportionately more non-elective patients were admitted, and mortality rates rose. There is partial evidence that English patients faced lower waiting times than their Welsh counterparts and were more likely to be admitted within a target waiting period. The stronger performance management regime operating in England appears to have contributed to higher levels of performance in the English hospitals over the period. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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• Journal article
  Ferguson N, 2006,

  Poverty, death, and a future influenza pandemic

  , LANCET, Vol: 368, Pages: 2187-2188, ISSN: 0140-6736
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  • Citations: 13
• Journal article
  Desai K, Boily MC, Garnett GP, Mâsse BR, Moses S, Bailey RCet al., 2006,

  The role of sexually transmitted infections in male circumcision effectiveness against HIV - insights from clinical trial simulation

  , Emerging Themes in Epidemiology, Vol: 3, ISSN: 1742-7622

  BACKGROUND: A landmark randomised trial of male circumcision (MC) in Orange Farm, South Africa recently showed a large and significant reduction in risk of HIV infection, reporting MC effectiveness of 61% (95% CI: 34%-77%). Additionally, two further randomised trials of MC in Kisumu, Kenya and Rakai, Uganda were recently stopped early to report 53% and 48% effectiveness, respectively. Since MC may protect against both HIV and certain sexually transmitted infections (STI), which are themselves cofactors of HIV infection, an important question is the extent to which this estimated effectiveness against HIV is mediated by the protective effect of circumcision against STI. The answer lies in the trial data if the appropriate statistical analyses can be identified to estimate the separate efficacies against HIV and STI, which combine to determine overall effectiveness. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: Focusing on the MC trial in Kisumu, we used a stochastic prevention trial simulator (1) to determine whether statistical analyses can validly estimate efficacy, (2) to determine whether MC efficacy against STI alone can produce large effectiveness against HIV and (3) to estimate the fraction of all HIV infections prevented that are attributable to efficacy against STI when both efficacies combine. RESULTS: Valid estimation of separate efficacies against HIV and STI as well as MC effectiveness is feasible with available STI and HIV trial data, under Kisumu trial conditions. Under our parameter assumptions, high overall effectiveness of MC against HIV was observed only with a high MC efficacy against HIV and was not possible on the basis of MC efficacy against STI alone. The fraction of all HIV infections prevented which were attributable to MC efficacy against STI was small, except when efficacy of MC specifically against HIV was very low. In the three MC trials which reported between 48% and 61% effectiveness (combining STI and HIV efficacies), the fraction of HIV infections prevent

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• Journal article
  Garske T, Ward HJT, Clarke P, Will RG, Ghani ACet al., 2006,

  Factors determining the potential for onward transmission of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease via surgical instruments

  , JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE, Vol: 3, Pages: 757-766, ISSN: 1742-5689
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  • Citations: 11
• Journal article
  Whittaker CA, Bergeron K-F, Whittle J, Brandhorst BP, Burke RD, Hynes ROet al., 2006,

  The echinoderm adhesome.

  , Dev Biol, Vol: 300, Pages: 252-266, ISSN: 0012-1606

  Although the development of sea urchin embryos has been studied extensively and clearly involves both cell adhesion and cell migration, rather little is known about the adhesion receptors and extracellular matrix molecules involved. The completion of the genome of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus allows a comprehensive survey of the complement of cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion molecules in this organism. Furthermore, the phylogenetic position of echinoderms offers the opportunity to compare the complement of adhesion proteins between protostome and deuterostome invertebrates and between invertebrate and vertebrate deuterostomes. Many aspects of development and cell interactions differ among these different taxa and it is likely that analysis of the spectrum of adhesion receptors and extracellular matrix proteins can open up new insights into which molecules have evolved to suit particular developmental processes. In this paper, we report the results of an initial analysis along these lines. The echinoderm adhesome (complement of adhesion-related genes/proteins) is similar overall to that of other invertebrates although there are significant deuterostome-specific innovations and some interesting features previously thought to be chordate or vertebrate specific.

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• Journal article
  Koukounari A, Sacko M, Keita AD, Gabrielli AF, Landoure A, Dembele R, Clements AC, Whawell S, Donnelly CA, Fenwick A, Traore M, Webster JPet al., 2006,

  Assessment of ultrasound morbidity indicators of schistosomiasis in the context of large-scale programs illustrated with experiences from Malian children

  , AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE, Vol: 75, Pages: 1042-1052, ISSN: 0002-9637
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  • Citations: 40
• Journal article
  Febrer K, Jones TA, Donnelly CA, Dawkins MSet al., 2006,

  Forced to crowd or choosing to cluster? Spatial distribution indicates social attraction in broiler chickens

  , ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR, Vol: 72, Pages: 1291-1300, ISSN: 0003-3472
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  • Citations: 67

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