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Journal articleMEDLEY GF, ANDERSON RM, COX DR, et al., 1988,
ESTIMATING THE INCUBATION PERIOD FOR AIDS PATIENTS - REPLY
, NATURE, Vol: 333, Pages: 505-505, ISSN: 0028-0836- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 12
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Journal articleHaswell-Elkins MR, Elkins DB, Manjula K, et al., 1988,
An investigation of hookworm infection and reinfection following mass anthelmintic treatment in the south Indian fishing community of Vairavankuppam.
, Parasitology, Vol: 96 ( Pt 3), Pages: 565-577, ISSN: 0031-1820Hookworm infections, as assessed by counting worms expelled following anthelmintic treatment and by egg output, were found to be of low prevalence and intensity in a South Indian fishing community. The initial overall prevalence of infection in the community was 43%, and the average burden was estimated at 2.2 hookworms per person. The age profiles of prevalence and intensity differed between males and females, with the latter harbouring significantly higher levels of infection. Children of both sexes under 10 years of age rarely harboured hookworms. Treatment with pyrantel pamoate was estimated to be 91% effective in clearing hookworm infections. Egg counts made on stools collected during an 11-month period of reinfection indicated that female patients became reinfected soon after treatment, while little hookworm egg excretion was observed in males during the observation period following treatment. Females acquired a significantly higher number of worms during the reinfection period compared with males, although the average burden in females reached only 28% of the initial, pre-treatment level. The hookworm population consisted of predominantly Necator americanus, and less than 10% of Ancylostoma duodenale. The parasites were highly aggregated within the host population with 10% of the community harbouring over 65% of the total hookworms. Low values of the negative binomial aggregation parameter, k, (indicating extreme over-dispersion) were recorded in groups stratified by age and sex. Highly significant positive correlations were observed between the initial (pre-treatment) and reinfection worm burdens of female (but not of male) patients. It is suggested that occupational practices related to walking through areas contaminated with hookworm larvae play an important role in generating the observed patterns of infection within this community.
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Journal articleMCLEAN AR, ANDERSON RM, 1988,
MEASLES IN DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES .2. THE PREDICTED IMPACT OF MASS VACCINATION
, EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION, Vol: 100, Pages: 419-442, ISSN: 0950-2688- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 144
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Journal articleHASWELLELKINS MR, ELKINS DB, MANJULA K, et al., 1988,
AN INVESTIGATION OF HOOKWORM INFECTION AND REINFECTION FOLLOWING MASS ANTHELMINTIC TREATMENT IN THE SOUTH INDIAN FISHING COMMUNITY OF VAIRAVANKUPPAM
, PARASITOLOGY, Vol: 96, Pages: 565-577, ISSN: 0031-1820- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 49
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Journal articleMEDLEY GF, BILLARD L, COX DR, et al., 1988,
THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE INCUBATION PERIOD FOR THE ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME (AIDS)
, PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY SERIES B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, Vol: 233, Pages: 367-377, ISSN: 0080-4649- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 58
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Journal articleANDERSON RM, MAY RM, MCLEAN AR, 1988,
POSSIBLE DEMOGRAPHIC CONSEQUENCES OF AIDS IN DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES
, NATURE, Vol: 332, Pages: 228-234, ISSN: 0028-0836- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 138
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Journal articleMCLEAN AR, ANDERSON RM, 1988,
MEASLES IN DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES .1. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND PATTERNS
, EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION, Vol: 100, Pages: 111-133, ISSN: 0950-2688- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 106
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Journal articleElkins DB, Haswell-Elkins M, Anderson RM, 1988,
The importance of host age and sex to patterns of reinfection with Ascaris lumbricoides following mass anthelmintic treatment in a South Indian fishing community.
, Parasitology, Vol: 96 ( Pt 1), Pages: 171-184, ISSN: 0031-1820Analysis of egg and worm counts of Ascaris recorded at various intervals following a mass anthelmintic treatment programme in a South Indian fishing community is presented. Three indices of infection in the community are compared, namely the prevalence and intensity of egg output (at 2, 6 and 11 months following treatment) and the number of worms expelled following an 11 month period of reinfection. Detailed examination of these measurements revealed significant associations with patient sex and age. The age-prevalence profile of Ascaris infection changed little over time (except immediately following treatment) with the peak prevalence found in the 5-9 year age group. Although 85% of both males and females harboured Ascaris initially, the prevalence following 11 months reinfection was decreased, due to a significantly lower proportion of males being reinfected. By the 11th month of reinfection, the age-intensity profiles of egg output were similar to those observed at initial treatment in the older age groups (10 years and above) and in male children (less than 10 years). However, a dramatic increase in the egg output of female children, greatly exceeding the initial mean, was observed within a 6 month period of reinfection. The intensity of egg output did not accurately reflect the abundance of Ascaris recovered via drug-induced expulsion following an 11 month period of reinfection. Although the egg output attained preintervention levels, the average worm intensity reached only half the initial value. The trends in the sex- and age-intensity profiles were consistent at the two sampling dates and showed similar patterns to the egg output curves. The relevance of the results to helminth control and the monitoring of reinfection is discussed.
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Journal articleELKINS DB, HASWELLELKINS M, ANDERSON RM, 1988,
THE IMPORTANCE OF HOST AGE AND SEX TO PATTERNS OF REINFECTION WITH ASCARIS-LUMBRICOIDES FOLLOWING MASS ANTHELMINTIC TREATMENT IN A SOUTH INDIAN FISHING COMMUNITY
, PARASITOLOGY, Vol: 96, Pages: 171-184, ISSN: 0031-1820- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 37
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Journal articleTINGLEY GA, BUTTERWORTH AE, ANDERSON RM, et al., 1988,
PREDISPOSITION OF HUMANS TO INFECTION WITH SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI - EVIDENCE FROM THE REINFECTION OF INDIVIDUALS FOLLOWING CHEMOTHERAPY
, TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE, Vol: 82, Pages: 448-452, ISSN: 0035-9203- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 26
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