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Journal articleGrassly NC, Garnett GP, 2005,
The future of the HIV pandemic
, BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, Vol: 83, Pages: 378-382, ISSN: 0042-9686- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 15
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Journal articleDonnelly CA, Bartley LM, Ghani AC, et al., 2005,
Gender difference in HIV-1 RNA viral loads
, HIV MEDICINE, Vol: 6, Pages: 170-178, ISSN: 1464-2662- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 44
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Journal articleWatts H, Lopman B, Nyamukapa C, et al., 2005,
Rising incidence and prevalence of orphanhood in Manicaland, Zimbabwe, 1998 to 2003
, AIDS, Vol: 19, Pages: 717-725, ISSN: 0269-9370- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 34
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Journal articleMason PR, Fiori PL, Cappuccinelli P, et al., 2005,
Seroepidemiology of <i>Trichomonas vaginalis</i> in rural women in Zimbabwe and patterns of association with HIV infection
, EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION, Vol: 133, Pages: 315-323, ISSN: 0950-2688- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 22
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Journal articleFuller SJ, Bull CM, Murray K, et al., 2005,
Clustering of related individuals in a population of the Australian lizard, <i>Egernia frerei</i>
, MOLECULAR ECOLOGY, Vol: 14, Pages: 1207-1213, ISSN: 0962-1083- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 20
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Journal articleAbu-Raddad LJ, Ferguson NM, 2005,
Characterizing the symmetric equilibrium of multi-strain host-pathogen systems in the presence of cross immunity
, JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY, Vol: 50, Pages: 531-558, ISSN: 0303-6812- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 24
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Journal articleClarke P, Ghani AC, 2005,
Projections of the future course of the primary vCJD epidemic in the UK: inclusion of subclinical infection and the possibility of wider genetic susceptibility
, JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE, Vol: 2, Pages: 19-31, ISSN: 1742-5689- Cite
- Citations: 54
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Journal articleFerguson NM, 2005,
Mathematical prediction in infection.
, Medicine (Abingdon), Vol: 33, Pages: 1-2, ISSN: 1357-3039It is now increasingly common for infectious disease epidemics to be analysed with mathematical models. Modelling is possible because epidemics involve relatively simple processes occurring within large populations of individuals. Modelling aims to explain and predict trends in disease incidence, prevalence, morbidity or mortality. Models give important insight into the development of epidemics. Following disease establishment, epidemic growth is approximately exponential. The rate of growth in this phase is primarily determined by the basic reproduction number (R0), the number of secondary cases per primary case when the population is susceptible. R0 also determines the ease with which control policies can control epidemics. Once a significant proportion of the population has been infected, not all contacts of an infected individual will be with susceptible people. Infection can now continue only because new births replenish the susceptible population. Eventually, an endemic equilibrium is reached whereby every infected person infects one other individual on average. Heterogeneity in host susceptibility, infectiousness, human contact patterns and the genetic composition of pathogen populations introduces substantial additional complexity into the models required to model real diseases realistically. The contribution concludes with a brief review of the recent application of mathematical models to emerging human and animal epidemics, notably the spread of HIV in Africa, the variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease epidemic in the UK and its relationship to bovine spongiform encephalitis in cattle, the 2001 foot and mouth epidemic in UK livestock, bioterrorism threats such as smallpox, and the SARS epidemics in 2003.
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Journal articleJohnston WT, Gettinby G, Cox DR, et al., 2005,
Herd-level risk factors associated with tuberculosis breakdowns among cattle herds in England before the 2001 foot-and-mouth disease epidemic
, BIOLOGY LETTERS, Vol: 1, Pages: 53-56, ISSN: 1744-9561- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 71
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Journal articleVieira JC, Brackenboro L, Porter CH, et al., 2005,
Spatial and temporal variation in biting rates and parasite transmission potentials of onchocerciasis vectors in Ecuador
, TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE, Vol: 99, Pages: 178-195, ISSN: 0035-9203- Cite
- Citations: 15
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