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Journal articleBrisson M, Van de Velde N, Boily MC, 2007,
The potential cost-effectiveness of prophylactic human papillomavirus vaccines in Canada
, Vaccine, Vol: 25, Pages: 5399-5408 -
Journal articleCauchemez S, Ferguson NM, 2007,
Likelihood-based estimation of continuous-time epidemic models from time-series data: Application to measles transmission in London
, Journal of the Royal Society Interface -
Journal articleFrench MD, Rollinson D, Basanez M-G, et al., 2007,
School-based control of urinary schistosomiasis on Zanzibar, Tanzania: Monitoring micro-haematuria with reagent strips as a rapid urological assessment
, Journal of Pediatric Urology, Vol: 3, Pages: 364-368Objective: To evaluate micro-haematuria, detected by Haemastix reagent strips, for diagnosis of urinary schistosomiasis during a 3-year period of school-based control on Zanzibar. Patients and methods: A sub-set of school children, from a total of 135,000 who were receiving treatment for urinary schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis, were monitored by parasitological and questionnaire methods for Schistosoma haematobium infections: at treatment baseline in 2004 (nZ2002), follow up with re-treatment in 2005 (nZ3278) and further follow up with re-treatment in 2006 (nZ3993). Standard diagnostic scores for micro-haematuria were calculated against parasitological assessment. Results: Diagnostic scores of Haemastix remained strong throughout the 3-year period. In 2006, scores were: sensitivity (SS)=0.86 (95% CI: 0.86-0.88), specificity (SP)=0.99 (0.98-1.00), positive predictive value (PPV)=0.90 (0.88-0.91), negative predictive value (NPV)=0.98 (0.98-0.99) in boys; and SS=0.84 (0.82-0.86), SP=0.98 (0.98-0.99), PPV=0.77 (0.75-0.79) and NPV=0.99 (0.99-1.00) in girls. By comparison, reported blood in urine and pain upon urination were much lower and not as informative. Conclusion: At a cost of approximately £0.20/test, further use of reagent strips for monitoring of urinary schistosomiasis during ongoing control programmes should be advocated as a rapid, cost effective and informative disease surveillance tool.
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Journal articleVan de Velde N, Brisson M, Boily MC, 2007,
Modeling human papillomavirus vaccine effectiveness: quantifying the impact of parameter uncertainty
, American Journal Epidemioly, Vol: 165, Pages: 762-775 -
Book chapterAnderson RM, Plotkin S, 2007,
The potential public health impact of imperfect HIV-1 vaccines.
, Aids Vaccine Development - Challenges and Opportunities, Editors: Koff, Kahn, Gust, Publisher: Horizon Scientific Press, Pages: 139-146, ISBN: 9781904455110 -
Journal articleFerguson N, 2006,
Poverty, death, and a future influenza pandemic
, LANCET, Vol: 368, Pages: 2187-2188, ISSN: 0140-6736- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 13
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Journal articleDesai K, Boily MC, Garnett GP, et al., 2006,
The role of sexually transmitted infections in male circumcision effectiveness against HIV - insights from clinical trial simulation
, Emerging Themes in Epidemiology, Vol: 3, ISSN: 1742-7622BACKGROUND: A landmark randomised trial of male circumcision (MC) in Orange Farm, South Africa recently showed a large and significant reduction in risk of HIV infection, reporting MC effectiveness of 61% (95% CI: 34%-77%). Additionally, two further randomised trials of MC in Kisumu, Kenya and Rakai, Uganda were recently stopped early to report 53% and 48% effectiveness, respectively. Since MC may protect against both HIV and certain sexually transmitted infections (STI), which are themselves cofactors of HIV infection, an important question is the extent to which this estimated effectiveness against HIV is mediated by the protective effect of circumcision against STI. The answer lies in the trial data if the appropriate statistical analyses can be identified to estimate the separate efficacies against HIV and STI, which combine to determine overall effectiveness. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: Focusing on the MC trial in Kisumu, we used a stochastic prevention trial simulator (1) to determine whether statistical analyses can validly estimate efficacy, (2) to determine whether MC efficacy against STI alone can produce large effectiveness against HIV and (3) to estimate the fraction of all HIV infections prevented that are attributable to efficacy against STI when both efficacies combine. RESULTS: Valid estimation of separate efficacies against HIV and STI as well as MC effectiveness is feasible with available STI and HIV trial data, under Kisumu trial conditions. Under our parameter assumptions, high overall effectiveness of MC against HIV was observed only with a high MC efficacy against HIV and was not possible on the basis of MC efficacy against STI alone. The fraction of all HIV infections prevented which were attributable to MC efficacy against STI was small, except when efficacy of MC specifically against HIV was very low. In the three MC trials which reported between 48% and 61% effectiveness (combining STI and HIV efficacies), the fraction of HIV infections prevent
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Journal articleGarske T, Ward HJT, Clarke P, et al., 2006,
Factors determining the potential for onward transmission of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease via surgical instruments
, JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE, Vol: 3, Pages: 757-766, ISSN: 1742-5689- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 11
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Journal articleWhittaker CA, Bergeron K-F, Whittle J, et al., 2006,
The echinoderm adhesome.
, Dev Biol, Vol: 300, Pages: 252-266, ISSN: 0012-1606Although the development of sea urchin embryos has been studied extensively and clearly involves both cell adhesion and cell migration, rather little is known about the adhesion receptors and extracellular matrix molecules involved. The completion of the genome of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus allows a comprehensive survey of the complement of cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion molecules in this organism. Furthermore, the phylogenetic position of echinoderms offers the opportunity to compare the complement of adhesion proteins between protostome and deuterostome invertebrates and between invertebrate and vertebrate deuterostomes. Many aspects of development and cell interactions differ among these different taxa and it is likely that analysis of the spectrum of adhesion receptors and extracellular matrix proteins can open up new insights into which molecules have evolved to suit particular developmental processes. In this paper, we report the results of an initial analysis along these lines. The echinoderm adhesome (complement of adhesion-related genes/proteins) is similar overall to that of other invertebrates although there are significant deuterostome-specific innovations and some interesting features previously thought to be chordate or vertebrate specific.
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Journal articleKoukounari A, Sacko M, Keita AD, et al., 2006,
Assessment of ultrasound morbidity indicators of schistosomiasis in the context of large-scale programs illustrated with experiences from Malian children
, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE, Vol: 75, Pages: 1042-1052, ISSN: 0002-9637- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 40
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