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  • Journal article
    Ramsay ME, Andrews NJ, Trotter CL, Kaczmarski EB, Miller Eet al., 2003,

    Herd immunity from meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccination in England: database analysis

    , BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 326, Pages: 365-366, ISSN: 0959-535X
    • Cite
    • Citations: 317
  • Journal article
    Galvani AP, Coleman RM, Ferguson NM, 2003,

    The maintenance of sex in parasites

    , PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, Vol: 270, Pages: 19-28, ISSN: 0962-8452
    • Cite
    • Citations: 27
  • Journal article
    Achúcarro A, Davis AC, Pickles M, Urrestilla Jet al., 2003,

    Fermion zero modes in N = 2 supervortices

    , Physical Review D, Vol: 68, ISSN: 0556-2821

    We study the fermionic zero modes of BPS semilocal magnetic vortices in N = 2 supersymmetric QED with a Fayet-Iliopoulos term and two matter hypermultiplets of opposite charge. There is a one-parameter family of vortices with arbitrarily wide magnetic cores. Contrary to the situation in pure Nielsen-Olesen vortices, new zero modes are found which get their masses from Yukawa couplings to scalar fields that do not wind and are nonzero at the core. We clarify the relation between fermion mass and zero modes. The new zero modes have opposite chiralities and therefore do not affect the net counting (left minus right) of zero modes coming from index theorems but do manage to evade other index theorems in the literature that count the total number (left plus right) of zero modes in simpler systems. © 2003 The American Physical Society.
  • Journal article
    Pickles M, Urrestilla J, 2003,

    Nielsen-Olesen strings in supersymmetric models - art. no. 052

    , JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
    • Cite
    • Citations: 13
  • Journal article
    Ghani AC, Donnelly CA, Anderson RM, 2003,

    Patterns of antiretroviral use in the United States of America: analysis of three observational databases.

    , HIV Med, Vol: 4, Pages: 24-32, ISSN: 1464-2662

    OBJECTIVE: To characterize patterns of antiretroviral use in HIV-infected patients and explore variation by patient characteristics and disease stage. METHODS: Three large patient databases recording information derived from routine clinical attendance were analyzed: HIV Insight (n = 10 873), Target Management Services (n = 2226) and Clinical Partners (n = 1505). Each database records the dates of starting and stopping individual antiretroviral agents over time, measurements of CD4 T-cell counts and HIV-RNA levels at approximately 6-monthly intervals, and the demographic characteristics of patients. The number, frequency and duration of different antiretroviral combinations over time and their relationship to stage of HIV-disease and demographic characteristics were explored. RESULTS: Over 2000 different combinations of antiretroviral agents are recorded. From 1987 onwards, the use of zidovudine increased, with 23% of patients receiving monotherapy by 1990. The majority of treated patients remained on monotherapy until the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in 1996. By 1999, the standard of care was HAART, with 84% of patients beginning antiretroviral therapy with HAART. Those of African American race (odds ratio 0.59) and funded by Medicaid (odds ratio 0.72) were significantly less likely to begin antiretroviral therapy on HAART. Until 1995, there was a significant decrease in CD4 T-cell count when starting antiretroviral therapy. No significant trend was observed in either CD4 T-cell count or viral load after this time. Those starting on HAART therapies were significantly less likely to stop or switch regimens than those on nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)-only therapies (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Complex patterns of antiretroviral treatment are observed in this large population. Changes over time mirror the introduction of the new antiretroviral agents.
  • Journal article
    Wetten S, Basáñez M-G, Marshall C, 2003,

    Vector competence of Simulium exiguum s.l. in Ecuador: cytospecies or density-dependence?

    , Br Simulid Group Bull, Vol: 21, Pages: 14-18, ISSN: 1363-3376
  • Journal article
    Carabin H, Escalona M, Marshall C, Vivas-Martínez S, Botto C, Joseph L, Basáñez MGet al., 2003,

    Prediction of community prevalence of human onchocerciasis in the Amazonian onchocerciasis focus:: Bayesian approach

    , BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, Vol: 81, Pages: 482-490, ISSN: 0042-9686
  • Journal article
    Grassly NC, Garnett GP, 2003,

    Explicit models make better policy

    , International Journal of Drug Policy, Vol: 14, Pages: 339-341
  • Conference paper
    Bottomley C, Isham V, Basáñez MG, 2003,

    Population biology of multiple helminth infections

    , 52nd (Centenary) Meeting of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Publisher: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
  • Journal article
    Boily M-C, White R, Lowndes C, Alary M, Orroth Ket al., 2003,

    Transmission of HIV via unsafe injection or unsafe sex? Anomalies or misunderstanding?

    , Int J of STD&AIDS, Vol: 15, Pages: 61-62

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