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  • Journal article
    Anderson RM, May RM, Gupta S, 1989,

    Non-linear phenomena in host-parasite interactions.

    , Parasitology, Vol: 99 Suppl, Pages: S59-S79, ISSN: 0031-1820

    The paper examines non-linear dynamical phenomena in host-parasite interactions by reference to a series of different problems ranging from the impact on transmission of control measures based on vaccination and chemotherapy, to the effects of immunological responses targeted at different stages in a parasite's life-cycle. Throughout, simple mathematical models are employed to aid in interpretation. Analyses reveal that the influence of a defined control measure on the prevalence or intensity of infection, whether vaccination or drug treatment, is non-linearly related to the magnitude of control effort (as defined by the proportion of individuals vaccinated or treated with a drug). Consideration of the relative merits of gametocyte and sporozoite vaccines against malarial parasites suggests that very high leves of cohort immunization will be required to block transmission in endemic areas, with the former type of vaccine being more effective in reducing transmission for a defined level of coverage and the latter being better with respect to a reduction in morbidity. The inclusion of genetic elements in analyses of the transmission of helminth parasites reveals complex non-linear patterns of change in the abundance of different parasite genotypes under selection pressures imposed by either the host immunological defences or the application of chemotherapeutic agents. When resistance genes are present in parasite populations, the degree to which abundance can be suppressed by chemotherapy depends critically on the frequency and intensity of application, with intermediate values of the former being optimal. A more detailed consideration of the impact of immunological defences on parasite population growth within an individual host, by reference to the erythrocytic cycle of malaria, suggests that the effectiveness of a given immunological response is inversely related to the life-expectancy of the target stage in the parasite's developmental cycle.
  • Journal article
    ANDERSON RM, FACER CA, ROLLINSON D, 1989,

    RESEARCH DEVELOPMENTS IN THE STUDY OF PARASITIC INFECTIONS - PREFACE

    , PARASITOLOGY, Vol: 99, Pages: S1-S1, ISSN: 0031-1820
  • Conference paper
    ANDERSON RM, MAY RM, 1989,

    COMPLEX DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR IN THE INTERACTION BETWEEN HIV AND THE IMMUNE-SYSTEM

    , NATO ADVANCED RESEARCH WORKSHOP ON THEORETICAL MODELS FOR CELL TO CELL SIGNALLING, Publisher: ACADEMIC PRESS INC, Pages: 335-349
  • Book chapter
    Basanez MG, Yarzabal L, 1989,

    Onchocerciasis in the Sierra Parima and Upper Orinoco regions, Federal Territory of Amazonas, Venezuela

    , Parasitic Diseases: Treatment and Control, Editors: Miller, Love, Publisher: Boca Ratón: CRC Press, Inc., USA., Pages: 231-256
  • Journal article
    NOKES DJ, ANDERSON RM, 1988,

    MEASLES, MUMPS, AND RUBELLA VACCINE - WHAT COVERAGE TO BLOCK TRANSMISSION

    , LANCET, Vol: 2, Pages: 1374-1374, ISSN: 0140-6736
  • Journal article
    Basáñez MG, Yarzábal L, Takaoka H, Suzuki H, Noda S, Tada Iet al., 1988,

    The vectoral role of several blackfly species (Diptera: Simuliidae) in relation to human onchocerciasis in the Sierra Parima and Upper Orinoco regions of Venezuela.

    , Ann Trop Med Parasitol, Vol: 82, Pages: 597-611, ISSN: 0003-4983

    Experimental and natural infections with Onchocerca volvulus were studied in several anthropophilic blackfly species present in the endemic area of the Upper Orinoco region of Venezuela. When fed on four different Yanomami volunteers in the Sierra Parima, the total infection rate was 31.4% for Simulium guianense in comparison with 7.5% for S. limbatum. The proportion of ingested microfilariae that entered the thorax during the first 24 hours and completed development to the infective stage was also much lower in the latter than in the former species. There was no larval development of O. volvulus in S. antillarum, but one female harboured in its head six infective larvae of a zoonotic filaria. When S. oyapokense s.l. was fed on an infected volunteer in the Upper Orinoco most flies ingested few microfilariae, and further development reached only the L1 stage. Natural infection and infectivity rates for S. guianense in two localities of the Sierra Parima were 0.2-4.0% and 1.3-10.2%, respectively, more than 50% of the L3 larvae being in the head. The corresponding data for S. oyapockense s.l. in the Upper Orinoco were 0.1-0.5%, although the only L3 larva found did not correspond to O. volvulus. It is suggested that S. guianense is the main vector of onchocerciasis in the Sierra Parima and that S. limbatum could play a secondary role. Simulium oyapockense s.l. replaces them in the Upper Orinoco and may maintain a degree of transmission, but its epidemiological importance remains to be assessed.
  • Journal article
    MAY RM, ANDERSON RM, 1988,

    THE TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV)

    , PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON SERIES B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, Vol: 321, Pages: 565-607, ISSN: 0962-8436
  • Journal article
    NOKES DJ, ANDERSON RM, 1988,

    THE USE OF MATHEMATICAL-MODELS IN THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL-STUDY OF INFECTIOUS-DISEASES AND IN THE DESIGN OF MASS IMMUNIZATION PROGRAMS

    , EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION, Vol: 101, Pages: 1-20, ISSN: 0950-2688
  • Journal article
    ANDERSON RM, 1988,

    EPIDEMIOLOGICAL MODELS AND PREDICTIONS

    , TROPICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL MEDICINE, Vol: 40, Pages: S30-S39, ISSN: 0041-3232
  • Journal article
    MEDLEY GF, ANDERSON RM, COX DR, BILLARD Let al., 1988,

    ESTIMATING THE INCUBATION PERIOD FOR AIDS PATIENTS - REPLY

    , NATURE, Vol: 333, Pages: 505-505, ISSN: 0028-0836

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