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  • Journal article
    Morrison WI, Bourne FJ, Cox DR, Donnelly CA, Gettinby G, McInerney JP, Woodroffe Ret al., 2000,

    Pathogenesis and diagnosis of infections with <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> in cattle

    , VETERINARY RECORD, Vol: 146, Pages: 236-242, ISSN: 0042-4900
  • Journal article
    Bourne J, Donnelly CA, Cox DR, Gettinby G, McInerney JP, Morrison I, Woodroffe Ret al., 2000,

    Bovine tuberculosis: towards a future control strategy

    , VETERINARY RECORD, Vol: 146, Pages: 207-210, ISSN: 0042-4900
  • Journal article
    Bruce MC, Donnelly CA, Alpers MP, Galinski MR, Barnwell JW, Walliker D, Day KPet al., 2000,

    Cross-species interactions between malaria parasites in humans

    , SCIENCE, Vol: 287, Pages: 845-848, ISSN: 0036-8075
  • Journal article
    Jones JI, Eaton JW, Hardwick K, 2000,

    The effect of changing environmental variables in the surrounding water on the physiology of <i>Elodea nuttallii</i>

    , AQUATIC BOTANY, Vol: 66, Pages: 115-129, ISSN: 0304-3770
  • Journal article
    Basáñez MG, Yarzábal L, Frontado HL, Villamizar NJet al., 2000,

    <i>Onchocerca</i>-<i>Simulium</i> complexes in Venezuela: can human onchocerciasis spread outside its present endemic areas?

    , PARASITOLOGY, Vol: 120, Pages: 143-160, ISSN: 0031-1820
    • Cite
    • Citations: 16
  • Book chapter
    Anderson RM, 2000,

    Transmission dynamics of sexually transmitted infections.

    , Sexually transmitted diseases, Editors: Stanberry, Bernstein, Publisher: Academic Press, Pages: 25-37, ISBN: 9780126633306

    Because the interruption of chlamydia transmission can be successfully achieved by interventions other than a vaccine ... For instance, the dynamics of sexually transmitted chlamydial infection can be substantially altered by changes in ...
  • Journal article
    Garnett GP, Gregson S, 2000,

    Monitoring the course of the HIV-1 epidemic: The influence of patterns of fertility on HIV-1 prevalence estimates

    , Mathematical Population Studies, Vol: 8, Pages: 251-277, ISSN: 0889-8480

    An age structured model of heterosexual HIV-1 transmission is used to explore the impact of observed patterns of fertility on measures of HIV prevalence derived from child bearing women. Observed reductions in fertility caused by women being outside sexual unions before the age of 20 years, the influence of bacterial sexually transmitted infections and the influence of HIV associated morbidity are all included in the model. We illustrate how the biases in prevalence estimates for a localised epidemic can change with time since the start of the epidemic. As the average age of HIV infected women increases, the over-estimate of prevalence from antenatal clinic samples first increases and then declines. This works in opposition to the influence of HIV-1 on fertility, which causes HIV-1 prevalence to be under-estimated initially. Additionally a reduction in fertility associated with bacterial infection in the highest sexual activity classes causes a substantial under-estimate of HIV prevalence initially, but with the greater HIV associated mortality in this population the bias reduces rapidly.
  • Journal article
    Howard SC, Omumbo J, Nevill C, Some ES, Donnelly CA, Snow RWet al., 2000,

    Evidence for a mass community effect of insecticide-treated bednets on the incidence of malaria on the Kenyan coast

    , TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE, Vol: 94, Pages: 357-360, ISSN: 0035-9203
  • Journal article
    Fraser C, Ferguson NM, Ghani AC, Prins JM, Lange JM, Goudsmit J, Anderson RM, de Wolf Fet al., 2000,

    Reduction of the HIV-1-infected T-cell reservoir by immune activation treatment is dose-dependent and restricted by the potency of antiretroviral drugs

    , AIDS, Vol: 14, Pages: 659-669, ISSN: 0269-9370

    BACKGROUND: Treatments combining T-cell activating agents and potent antiretroviral drugs have been proposed as a possible means of reducing the reservoir of long-lived HIV-1 infected quiescent CD4 T-cells. OBJECTIVE: To analyse the effect of such therapies on HIV-1 dynamics and T-cell homeostasis. DESIGN AND METHODS: A mathematical framework describing HIV-1 dynamics and T-cell homeostasis was developed. Three patients who were kept on a particularly potent course of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) were treated with the anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody OKT3 and interleukin (IL)-2. Plasma HIV-RNA, and HIV-RNA and DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and lymph node mononuclear cells were measured. These results and other published studies on the use of IL-2 alone were assessed using our mathematical framework. RESULTS: We show that outcome of treatment is determined by the relative rates of depletion of the infected quiescent T-cell population by activation and of its replenishment through new infection. Which of these two processes dominates is critically dependent on both the potency of HAART and also the degree of T-cell activation induced. We demonstrate that high-level T-cell stimulation is likely to produce negative outcomes, both by failing to reduce viral reservoirs and by depleting the CD4 T-cell pool and disrupting CD4/CD8 T-cell homeostasis. In contrast, repeated low-level stimulation may both aid CD4 T-cell pool expansion and achieve a substantial reduction in the long-lived HIV-1 reservoir. CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis suggests that although treatment that activates T-cells can reduce the long-lived HIV-1 reservoir, caution should be used as high-level stimulation may result in a negative outcome.
  • Journal article
    Brooker S, Donnelly CA, Guyatt HL, 2000,

    Estimating the number of helminthic infections in the Republic of Cameroon from data on infection prevalence in schoolchildren

    , BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, Vol: 78, Pages: 1456-1465, ISSN: 0042-9686

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