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• Journal article
  Alfandari D, Whittaker CA, DeSimone DW, Darribère Tet al., 1995,

  Integrin alpha v subunit is expressed on mesodermal cell surfaces during amphibian gastrulation.

  , Dev Biol, Vol: 170, Pages: 249-261, ISSN: 0012-1606

  Mesodermal cell migration during amphibian gastrulation is dependent on cellular interactions with fibronectin. One mechanism whereby cells bind fibronectin is through alpha v-containing integrin heterodimers. In order to investigate the role of alpha v in amphibian gastrulation, we have cloned the Pleurodeles homologue of the integrin alpha v subunit using homology PCR. The deduced amino acid sequence is 73 and 74% identical with the human and chick homologues, respectively. The 4.8-kb mRNA is expressed during oogenesis and persists throughout development. Messenger RNA and protein are widely expressed in oocytes and embryos while cell surface expression is spatially regulated. The protein first appears on the plasma membrane of fully grown oocytes. Fertilization results in the progressive loss of alpha v membrane localization. Before and during gastrulation, the integrin alpha v subunit is expressed on the surface of mesodermal cells. These data show that alpha v expression is developmentally regulated by a post-translational mechanism which correlates with the onset of mesodermal cell migration at gastrulation.

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• Journal article
  KENNELLY JM, TOLLEY KH, GHANI ACH, SABIN CA, MAYNARD AK, LEE CAet al., 1995,

  HOSPITAL COSTS OF TREATING HEMOPHILIC PATIENTS INFECTED WITH HIV

  , AIDS, Vol: 9, Pages: 787-793, ISSN: 0269-9370
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  • Citations: 22
• Journal article
  BASANEZ MG, REMME JHF, ALLEY ES, BAIN O, SHELLEY AJ, MEDLEY GF, ANDERSON RMet al., 1995,

  DENSITY-DEPENDENT PROCESSES IN THE TRANSMISSION OF HUMAN ONCHOCERCIASIS - RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE NUMBERS OF MICROFILARIAE INGESTED AND SUCCESSFUL LARVAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE SIMULIID VECTOR

  , PARASITOLOGY, Vol: 110, Pages: 409-427, ISSN: 0031-1820
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  • Citations: 62
• Journal article
  Basáñez MG, Remme JH, Alley ES, Bain O, Shelley AJ, Medley GF, Anderson RMet al., 1995,

  Density-dependent processes in the transmission of human onchocerciasis: relationship between the numbers of microfilariae ingested and successful larval development in the simuliid vector.

  , Parasitology, Vol: 110 ( Pt 4), Pages: 409-427, ISSN: 0031-1820

  A previous paper reported that the intake of Onchocerca volvulus microfilariae (mff) by different species of Simulium is essentially proportional to the parasite load in the skin of infected carriers. This paper examines the fate of the ingested mff in susceptible vectors to assess the relationship between parasite intake and infective larval output in blackfly species with and without well-developed cibarial armatures. Analysis is based on data from 3 onchocerciasis endemic areas: Guatemala (S. ochraceum s.l.), West Africa (S. damnosum s.l./S. sirbanum) and the Amazonian focus between South Venezuela and Northern Brazil (S. guianense and S. oyapockense s.l.). The data, which include published and unedited information collected in the field, record experimental studies of parasite uptake by wild flies maintained in captivity until the completion of the extrinsic incubation period. The relationship between L3 output (measured as the mean number of successful larvae/fly or, as the proportion of flies with infective larvae) and average microfilarial intake, was strongly non-linear. This non-linearity was best represented by a sigmoid function in case of armed simuliids (S. ochraceum s.l., S. oyapockense s.l.), or by a hyperbolic expression in that of unarmed flies (S. damnosum s.l., S. guianense). These results are compatible, respectively, with the patterns of 'initial facilitation' and 'limitation' described in culicid vectors of lymphatic filariases. A maximum mean number of 1-3 L3/fly was observed in all 4 vectors. It is concluded that O. volvulus larval development to the infective stage is regulated by density-dependent mechanisms acting at the early phase of microfilarial migration out of the blackfly's bloodmeal. Damage by the bucco-pharyngeal armature may also be density dependent. A hypothesis, based on this density dependence is forwarded to explain initial facilitation, so far only recorded in vectors with well-developed cibarial teeth. Our results provide

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• Journal article
  BABAD HR, NOKES DJ, GAY NJ, MILLER E, MORGANCAPNER P, ANDERSON RMet al., 1995,

  PREDICTING THE IMPACT OF MEASLES VACCINATION IN ENGLAND AND WALES - MODEL VALIDATION AND ANALYSIS OF POLICY OPTIONS

  , EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION, Vol: 114, Pages: 319-344, ISSN: 0950-2688
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  • Citations: 88
• Journal article
  Joos TO, Whittaker CA, Meng F, DeSimone DW, Gnau V, Hausen Pet al., 1995,

  Integrin alpha 5 during early development of Xenopus laevis.

  , Mech Dev, Vol: 50, Pages: 187-199, ISSN: 0925-4773

  The full length sequence of the Xenopus integrin alpha 5 subunit is reported. Analysis of cloned cDNA fragments reveals that alternative polyadenylation of alpha 5 mRNA occurs in the embryo. Furthermore, a variant form of the alpha 5 mRNA is expressed which encodes an integrin alpha 5 subunit with a truncated cytoplasmic domain. Integrin alpha 5 mRNA and protein are expressed in oocytes, eggs and throughout development. Spatial expression of alpha 5 mRNAs is first detected by whole mount in situ hybridization in presumptive neural crest cells and in the somitic mesoderm from the midgastrula stage onwards. In contrast, the alpha 5 protein is present on newly formed plasma membranes beginning at first cleavage. During neurulation, the integrin alpha 5 subunit disappears from the outer layer of the ectoderm, the notochord and the neural tube and accumulates in the sensorial layer of the ectoderm, the somites and the neural crest cells. These results provide evidence for the position specific regulation of alpha subunit expression in early vertebrate embryos.

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• Journal article
  Donnelly CA, Laird NM, Ware JH, 1995,

  Prediction and creation of smooth curves for temporally correlated longitudinal data

  , Journal of the American Statistical Association, Vol: 90, Pages: 984-989, ISSN: 0162-1459

  This article presents a method of obtaining smoothed curves for a sample of individuals that permits an arbitrary number and spacing of observations for each individual. We consider the case where each individual’s curve cannot be separately estimated because either the n<inf>i</inf>’s are too small or no suitable parametric forms for the random effects are available. The model assumes a parametric form for the population mean curve and the correlation of the repeated measures. The assumed correlation structure is evaluated using the empirical semivariogram, a function of the sum of the squared differences of within-individual residuals. A method is proposed to validate the form and stationarity of the correlation structure. Maximum likelihood estimates for the population mean parameters and variance components are obtained simultaneously. These estimates may be used to create a semiparametric differentiable curve and to predict future values for each individual using a method called kriging. This method also yields instantaneous estimates of growth velocity. An example of this method is presented, and connections to kriging are discussed. © 1995 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

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  • Citations: 23
• Journal article
  FOSTER G, SHAKESPEARE R, CHINEMANA F, JACKSON H, GREGSON S, MARANGE C, MASHUMBA Set al., 1995,

  ORPHAN PREVALENCE AND EXTENDED FAMILY CARE IN A PERIURBAN COMMUNITY IN ZIMBABWE

  , AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV, Vol: 7, Pages: 3-17, ISSN: 0954-0121
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  • Citations: 97
• Journal article
  Anderson RM, 1995,

  Evolutionary pressures in the spread and persistence of infectious agents in vertebrate populations

  , PARASITOLOGY, Vol: 111, Pages: S15-S31, ISSN: 0031-1820
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  • Citations: 43
• Journal article
  ANDERSON RM, 1994,

  THE CROONIAN LECTURE, 1994 - POPULATIONS, INFECTIOUS-DISEASE AND IMMUNITY - A VERY NONLINEAR WORLD

  , PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, Vol: 346, Pages: 457-505, ISSN: 0962-8436
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  • Citations: 54

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