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• Conference paper
  ANDERSON RM, MAY RM, 1989,

  COMPLEX DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR IN THE INTERACTION BETWEEN HIV AND THE IMMUNE-SYSTEM

  , NATO ADVANCED RESEARCH WORKSHOP ON THEORETICAL MODELS FOR CELL TO CELL SIGNALLING, Publisher: ACADEMIC PRESS INC, Pages: 335-349
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  • Citations: 27
• Journal article
  NOKES DJ, ANDERSON RM, 1988,

  MEASLES, MUMPS, AND RUBELLA VACCINE - WHAT COVERAGE TO BLOCK TRANSMISSION

  , LANCET, Vol: 2, Pages: 1374-1374, ISSN: 0140-6736
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  • Citations: 39
• Journal article
  Basáñez MG, Yarzábal L, Takaoka H, Suzuki H, Noda S, Tada Iet al., 1988,

  The vectoral role of several blackfly species (Diptera: Simuliidae) in relation to human onchocerciasis in the Sierra Parima and Upper Orinoco regions of Venezuela.

  , Ann Trop Med Parasitol, Vol: 82, Pages: 597-611, ISSN: 0003-4983

  Experimental and natural infections with Onchocerca volvulus were studied in several anthropophilic blackfly species present in the endemic area of the Upper Orinoco region of Venezuela. When fed on four different Yanomami volunteers in the Sierra Parima, the total infection rate was 31.4% for Simulium guianense in comparison with 7.5% for S. limbatum. The proportion of ingested microfilariae that entered the thorax during the first 24 hours and completed development to the infective stage was also much lower in the latter than in the former species. There was no larval development of O. volvulus in S. antillarum, but one female harboured in its head six infective larvae of a zoonotic filaria. When S. oyapokense s.l. was fed on an infected volunteer in the Upper Orinoco most flies ingested few microfilariae, and further development reached only the L1 stage. Natural infection and infectivity rates for S. guianense in two localities of the Sierra Parima were 0.2-4.0% and 1.3-10.2%, respectively, more than 50% of the L3 larvae being in the head. The corresponding data for S. oyapockense s.l. in the Upper Orinoco were 0.1-0.5%, although the only L3 larva found did not correspond to O. volvulus. It is suggested that S. guianense is the main vector of onchocerciasis in the Sierra Parima and that S. limbatum could play a secondary role. Simulium oyapockense s.l. replaces them in the Upper Orinoco and may maintain a degree of transmission, but its epidemiological importance remains to be assessed.

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• Journal article
  BASANEZ MG, YARZABAL L, TAKAOKA H, SUZUKI H, NODA S, TADA Iet al., 1988,

  THE VECTORAL ROLE OF SEVERAL BLACKFLY SPECIES (DIPTERA, SIMULIIDAE) IN RELATION TO HUMAN ONCHOCERCIASIS IN THE SIERRA PARIMA AND UPPER ORINOCO REGIONS OF VENEZUELA

  , ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY, Vol: 82, Pages: 597-611, ISSN: 0003-4983
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  • Citations: 20
• Journal article
  MAY RM, ANDERSON RM, 1988,

  THE TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV)

  , PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, Vol: 321, Pages: 565-607, ISSN: 0962-8436
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  • Citations: 200
• Journal article
  NOKES DJ, ANDERSON RM, 1988,

  THE USE OF MATHEMATICAL-MODELS IN THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL-STUDY OF INFECTIOUS-DISEASES AND IN THE DESIGN OF MASS IMMUNIZATION PROGRAMS

  , EPIDEMIOLOGY & INFECTION, Vol: 101, Pages: 1-20, ISSN: 0950-2688
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  • Citations: 103
• Journal article
  ANDERSON RM, 1988,

  EPIDEMIOLOGICAL MODELS AND PREDICTIONS

  , TROPICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL MEDICINE, Vol: 40, Pages: S30-S39, ISSN: 0041-3232
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  • Citations: 4
• Journal article
  ANDERSON RM, MAY RM, 1988,

  EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF HIV TRANSMISSION

  , NATURE, Vol: 333, Pages: 514-519, ISSN: 0028-0836
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  • Citations: 291
• Journal article
  MEDLEY GF, ANDERSON RM, COX DR, BILLARD Let al., 1988,

  ESTIMATING THE INCUBATION PERIOD FOR AIDS PATIENTS - REPLY

  , NATURE, Vol: 333, Pages: 505-505, ISSN: 0028-0836
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  • Citations: 13
• Journal article
  Haswell-Elkins MR, Elkins DB, Manjula K, Michael E, Anderson RMet al., 1988,

  An investigation of hookworm infection and reinfection following mass anthelmintic treatment in the south Indian fishing community of Vairavankuppam.

  , Parasitology, Vol: 96 ( Pt 3), Pages: 565-577, ISSN: 0031-1820

  Hookworm infections, as assessed by counting worms expelled following anthelmintic treatment and by egg output, were found to be of low prevalence and intensity in a South Indian fishing community. The initial overall prevalence of infection in the community was 43%, and the average burden was estimated at 2.2 hookworms per person. The age profiles of prevalence and intensity differed between males and females, with the latter harbouring significantly higher levels of infection. Children of both sexes under 10 years of age rarely harboured hookworms. Treatment with pyrantel pamoate was estimated to be 91% effective in clearing hookworm infections. Egg counts made on stools collected during an 11-month period of reinfection indicated that female patients became reinfected soon after treatment, while little hookworm egg excretion was observed in males during the observation period following treatment. Females acquired a significantly higher number of worms during the reinfection period compared with males, although the average burden in females reached only 28% of the initial, pre-treatment level. The hookworm population consisted of predominantly Necator americanus, and less than 10% of Ancylostoma duodenale. The parasites were highly aggregated within the host population with 10% of the community harbouring over 65% of the total hookworms. Low values of the negative binomial aggregation parameter, k, (indicating extreme over-dispersion) were recorded in groups stratified by age and sex. Highly significant positive correlations were observed between the initial (pre-treatment) and reinfection worm burdens of female (but not of male) patients. It is suggested that occupational practices related to walking through areas contaminated with hookworm larvae play an important role in generating the observed patterns of infection within this community.

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