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• Journal article
  Forte E, Inglese M, Infante T, Schiano C, Napoli C, Soricelli A, Salvatore M, Tedeschi Cet al., 2016,

  Anomalous left main coronary artery detected by CT angiography

  , SURGICAL AND RADIOLOGIC ANATOMY, Vol: 38, Pages: 987-990, ISSN: 0930-1038
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  • Citations: 10
• Journal article
  Soltaninejad M, Yang G, Lambrou T, Allinson N, Jones TL, Barrick TR, Howe FA, Ye Xet al., 2016,

  Automated brain tumour detection and segmentation using superpixel-based extremely randomized trees in FLAIR MRI

  , International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery, Vol: 12, Pages: 183-203, ISSN: 1861-6410

  Purpose: We propose a fully automated method for detection and segmentation of the abnormal tissue associated with brain tumour (tumour core and oedema) from Fluid- Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Methods: The method is based on superpixel technique and classification of each superpixel. A number of novel image features including intensity-based, Gabor textons, fractal analysis and curvatures are calculated from each superpixel within the entire brain area in FLAIR MRI to ensure a robust classification. Extremely randomized trees (ERT) classifier is compared with support vector machine (SVM) to classify each superpixel into tumour and non-tumour. Results: The proposed method is evaluated on two datasets: (1) Our own clinical dataset: 19 MRI FLAIR images of patients with gliomas of grade II to IV, and (2) BRATS 2012 dataset: 30 FLAIR images with 10 low-grade and 20 high-grade gliomas. The experimental results demonstrate the high detection and segmentation performance of the proposed method using ERT classifier. For our own cohort, the average detection sensitivity, balanced error rate and the Dice overlap measure for the segmented tumour against the ground truth are 89.48 %, 6 % and 0.91, respectively, while, for the BRATS dataset, the corresponding evaluation results are 88.09 %, 6 % and 0.88, respectively. Conclusions: This provides a close match to expert delineation across all grades of glioma, leading to a faster and more reproducible method of brain tumour detection and delineation to aid patient management.

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• Journal article
  King MD, Grech-Sollars M, 2016,

  A Bayesian spatial random effects model characterisation of tumour heterogeneity implemented using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation

  , F1000 Research, Vol: 5, ISSN: 2046-1402

  The focus of this study is the development of a statistical modelling procedure for characterisingintra-tumour heterogeneity, motivated by recent clinical literature indicating that a varietyof tumours exhibit a considerable degree of genetic spatial variability. A formal spatial statisticalmodel has been developed and used to characterise the structural heterogeneity of anumber of supratentorial primitive neuroecto-dermal tumours (PNETs), based on diffusionweightedmagnetic resonance imaging. Particular attention is paid to the spatial dependenceof diffusion close to the tumour boundary, in order to determine whether the data providestatistical evidence to support the proposition that water diffusivity in the boundary region ofsome tumours exhibits a deterministic dependence on distance from the boundary, in excessof an underlying random 2D spatial heterogeneity in diffusion. Tumour spatial heterogeneitymeasures were derived from the diffusion parameter estimates obtained using a Bayesianspatial random effects model. The analyses were implemented using Markov chain MonteCarlo (MCMC) simulation. Posterior predictive simulation was used to assess the adequacyof the statistical model. The main observations are that the previously reported relationshipbetween diffusion and boundary proximity remains observable and achieves statistical significanceafter adjusting for an underlying random 2D spatial heterogeneity in the diffusionmodel parameters. A comparison of the magnitude of the boundary-distance effect with theunderlying random 2D boundary heterogeneity suggests that both are important sources ofvariation in the vicinity of the boundary. No consistent pattern emerges from a comparison ofthe boundary and core spatial heterogeneity, with no indication of a consistently greater levelof heterogeneity in one region compared with the other. The results raise the possibility thatDWI might provide a surrogate marker of intra-tumour genetic regional heterogeneity, whichwould

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• Conference paper
  Jaijee S, Statton B, Quinlan M, Berry A, Tokarczuk P, Murphy K, Tighe H, Lawlee E, Diamond T, Garcia LM, Howard L, O'Regan DP, Gibbs JSRet al., 2016,

  Right ventricular function in acute and chronic pulmonary hypertension using exercise cardiac magnetic resonance imaging

  , Congress of the European-Society-of-Cardiology (ESC), Publisher: OXFORD UNIV PRESS, Pages: 1186-1186, ISSN: 0195-668X
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• Journal article
  Cawley P, Few K, Greenwood R, Malcolm P, Johnson G, Lally P, Thayyil S, Clarke Pet al., 2016,

  Does magnetic resonance brain scanning at 3.0 Tesla pose a hyperthermic challenge to term neonates?

  , The Journal of Pediatrics, Vol: 175, Pages: 228-230.e1, ISSN: 0022-3476

  Next-generation 3-Tesla magnetic resonance (MR) scanners offer improved neonatal neuroimaging, but the greater associated radiofrequency radiation may increase the risk of hyperthermia. Safety data for neonatal 3-T MR scanning are lacking. We measured rectal temperatures continuously in 25 neonates undergoing 3-T brain MR imaging and observed no significant hyperthermic threat.

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• Conference paper
  McGill L-A, Ferreira P, Scott A, Nielles-Vallespin S, Kilner P, De Silva R, Firmin D, Pennell Det al., 2016,

  Non-invasive Interrogation of Myocardial Disarray in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

  , Annual Conference of the British Cardiovascular Society (BCS) on Prediction and Prevention, Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group, Pages: A96-A96, ISSN: 1355-6037
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• Conference paper
  Jaijee S, Quinlan M, Tokarczuk P, Statton B, Berry A, Diamond T, Howard L, Gibbs S, O'Regan Det al., 2016,

  DETERIORATION OF RIGHT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION ON EXERCISE DETECTED BY EXERCISE CARDIAC MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING IN PATIENTS WITH PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION

  , Annual Conference of the British-Cardiovascular-Society (BCS) on Prediction and Prevention, Publisher: BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP, Pages: A88-A89, ISSN: 1355-6037
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• Journal article
  Montaldo P, Oliveira V, Lally PJ, Chaban B, Atreja G, Kirmi O, Thayyil Set al., 2016,

  Therapeutic hypothermia in neonatal cervical spine injury

  , Archives of Disease in Childhood: Fetal & Neonatal Edition, Vol: 101, Pages: F468-F468, ISSN: 1468-2052
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• Journal article
  Logan K, Emsley RJ, Jeffries S, Andrzejewska I, Hyde MJ, Gale C, Chappell K, Mandalia S, Santhakumaran S, Parkinson JRC, Mills L, Modi Net al., 2016,

  Development of Early Adiposity in Infants of Mothers With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

  , Diabetes Care, Vol: 39, Pages: 1045-1051, ISSN: 0149-5992

  OBJECTIVEInfants born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at greaterrisk of later adverse metabolic health. We examined plausible candidate mediators;adipose tissue (AT) quantity and distribution, and intrahepatocellular lipid(IHCL) content, comparing infants of mothers with GDM and without GDM (controlgroup) over the first 3 postnatal months.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe conducted a prospective longitudinal study using MRI and spectroscopy toquantify whole-body and regional AT volumes, and IHCL content, within 2 weeksand 8–12 weeks after birth. We adjusted for infant size and sex, and maternalprepregnancy BMI. Values are reported as the mean difference (95% CI).RESULTSWe recruited 86 infants (GDM group 42 infants; control group 44 infants). Motherswith GDM had good pregnancy glycemic control. Infants were predominantlybreast fed up to the time of the second assessment (GDM group 71%; controlgroup 74%). Total AT volumes were similar in the GDM group compared with thecontrol group at a median age of 11 days (228 cm3 [95% CI 2121, 65], P = 0.55), butwere greater in the GDM group at a median age of 10 weeks (247 cm3 [56, 439], P =0.01). After adjustment for size, the GDM group had significantly greater total ATvolume at 10 weeks than control group infants (16.0% [6.0, 27.1], P = 0.002). ATdistribution and IHCL content were not significantly different at either time point.CONCLUSIONSAdiposity in GDM infants is amplified in early infancy, despite good maternalglycemic control and predominant breast-feeding, suggesting a potential causalpathway to later adverse metabolic health. Reduction in postnatal adiposity maybe a therapeutic target to reduce later health risks.

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• Journal article
  Montaldo P, Addison S, Oliveira V, Lally PJ, Taylor AM, Sebire NJ, Thayyil S, Arthurs OJet al., 2016,

  Quantification of Maceration Changes using Post Mortem MRI in Fetuses

  , BMC MEDICAL IMAGING, Vol: 16, ISSN: 1471-2342

  BackgroundPost mortem imaging is playing an increasingly important role in perinatal autopsy, andcorrect interpretation of imaging changes is paramount. This is particularly importantfollowing intra-uterine fetal death, where there may be fetal maceration. The aim of thisstudy was to investigate whether any changes seen on a whole body fetal post mortemmagnetic resonance imaging (PMMR) correspond to maceration at conventionalautopsy.Methods: We performed pre-autopsy PMMR in 75 fetuses using a 1.5 Tesla SiemensAvanto MR scanner (Erlangen, Germany). PMMR images were reported blinded to theclinical history and autopsy data using a numerical severity scale (0 = no macerationchanges to 2 = severe maceration changes) for 6 different visceral organs (total 12).The degree of maceration at autopsy was categorized according to severity on anumerical scale (1 = no maceration to 4 = severe maceration). We also generatedquantitative maps to measure the liver and lung T2.Results: The mean PMMR maceration score correlated well with the autopsymaceration score (R2=0.93). A PMMR score of ≥ 4.5 had a sensitivity of 91%,specificity of 64%, for detecting moderate or severe maceration at autopsy. Liver andlung T2 were increased in fetuses with maceration scores of 3-4 in comparison tothose with 1-2 (liver p=0.03, lung p=0.02).Conclusions: There was a good correlation between PMMR maceration score and theextent of maceration seen at conventional autopsy. This score may be useful ininterpretation of fetal PMMR.

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