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  • Conference paper
    Giarola S, Shah N, 2013,

    Techno-economic and environmental assessment of ionic liquid-based biorefineries

    , Pages: 127-128
  • Conference paper
    Giarola S, Shah N, 2013,

    Techno-economic and environmental assessment of ionic liquid-based biorefineries

    , Pages: 301-302
  • Journal article
    Ortiz-Gutiérrez RA, Giarola S, Bezzo F, 2013,

    Optimal design of ethanol supply chains considering carbon trading effects and multiple technologies for side-product exploitation.

    , Environ Technol, Vol: 34, Pages: 2189-2199, ISSN: 0959-3330

    This work proposes a spatially explicit mixed integer linear programming modelling framework representing the dynamic evolution of a bioethanol supply chain (SC) under increasing biofuel demand and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission savings over time. Key features of the proposed framework comprise: (i) the incorporation of available set-aside rural surfaces for energy crop cultivation; (ii) the acknowledgement ofan economic value to the overall GHG emissions through the introduction of an Emission Trading System. Multiple technological options are assessed to exploit the co-product Distiller's Dried Grains with Solubles either as animal fodder (standard usage) or as fuel for heat and power generation or as raw material for biogas production (and hence heat and power). Bioethanol production in Northern Italy is chosen as a demonstrative case study.
  • Journal article
    Gutierrez RAO, Penazzi S, Bernardi A, Giarola S, Bezzo Fet al., 2013,

    A spatially-explicit approach to the design of ethanol supply chains considering multiple technologies and carbon trading effects

    , 23 EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTER AIDED PROCESS ENGINEERING, Vol: 32, Pages: 643-648, ISSN: 1570-7946
  • Journal article
    Bernardi A, Giarola S, Bezzo F, 2012,

    Optimizing the economics and the carbon and water footprints of bioethanol supply chains

    , BIOFUELS BIOPRODUCTS & BIOREFINING-BIOFPR, Vol: 6, Pages: 656-672, ISSN: 1932-104X
  • Journal article
    Giarola S, Zamboni A, Bezzo F, 2012,

    Environmentally conscious capacity planning and technology selection for bioethanol supply chains

    , Renewable Energy, Vol: 43, Pages: 61-72, ISSN: 0960-1481

    Concerns about energy supply security and climate change have been pushing world countries towards the promotion of renewable sources of energy and more sustainable liquid fuels. Initially indicated as the most viable solution within the transport sector, corn bioethanol is now incurring increasing discredits relating to its profitability and to its effective sustainability. Lignocellulosic ethanol is commonly viewed as a better solution over the long term due to its potential to overcome first generation limitations. This paper addresses the design of bioethanol supply chains where both corn grain and stover are considered as suitable biomass. A Mixed Integer Linear Program is proposed to simultaneously optimise the environmental and financial performances by taking into account a wide number of technological options. Results show the effect of different strategic objectives on the main design feature and it is demonstrated how environmental objectives may strongly affect technological choices as well as the supply chain design in terms of both system profitability and sustainability. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
  • Journal article
    Giarola S, Shah N, Bezzo F, 2012,

    A comprehensive approach to the design of ethanol supply chains including carbon trading effects

    , BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, Vol: 107, Pages: 175-185, ISSN: 0960-8524
  • Journal article
    Bernardi A, Giarola S, Bezzo F, 2012,

    A framework for water footprint optimisation in the bioethanol supply chain

    , 11TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PROCESS SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, PTS A AND B, Vol: 31, Pages: 1372-1376, ISSN: 1570-7946
  • Journal article
    Giarola S, Zamboni A, Bezzo F, 2011,

    Spatially explicit multi-objective optimisation for design and planning of hybrid first and second generation biorefineries

    , Computers and Chemical Engineering, Vol: 35, Pages: 1782-1797, ISSN: 0098-1354

    Climate change mitigation has become a binding driver in biofuels production. First generation bioethanol, initially indicated as the most competitive option, is now incurring in ever increasing discredits forcing the transition towards more sustainable productions (i.e. second and third generation technologies). This paper addresses the strategic design and planning of corn grain- and stover-based bioethanol supply chains through first and second generation technologies. A Mixed Integer Linear Programming framework is proposed to optimise the environmental and financial performances simultaneously. Multi-period, multi-echelon and spatially explicit features are embodied within the formulation to steer decisions and investments through a global approach. A demonstrative case study is proposed involving the future Italian biomass-based ethanol production. Results show the effectiveness of the optimisation tool at providing decision makers with a quantitative analysis assessing the economic and environmental performance of different design configuration and their effect in terms of technologies, plant sizes and location, and raw materials. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
  • Book
    Zamboni A, Giarola S, Bezzo F, 2011,

    Towards Second Generation Bioethanol. Supply Chain Design and Capacity Planning

    This work proposes a multi-period and spatially explicit framework conceived to drive strategic policies on biofuels. A Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model is proposed as quantitative tool to optimise the oncoming transition towards more sustainable infrastructures. This paper addresses the design of bioethanol supply chains where both corn grain and stover are considered as suitable biomass. A Mixed Integer Linear Program is proposed to optimise the system financial performance and to comply with EU environmental regulation by taking into account a wide number of technological options. Bioethanol production in Northern Italy is chosen as a demonstrative case study. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.

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