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  • Journal article
    Mylroie H, Dumont O, Bauer A, Thornton CC, Mackey J, Calay D, Hamdulay SS, Choo JR, Boyle JJ, Samarel AM, Randi AM, Evans PC, Mason JCet al., 2015,

    PKCε-CREB-Nrf2 signalling induces HO-1 in the vascular endothelium and enhances resistance to inflammation and apoptosis

    , CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH, Vol: 106, Pages: 509-519, ISSN: 0008-6363
  • Journal article
    Lightman S, Taylor SRJ, Bunce C, Longhurst H, Lynn W, Moots R, Stanford M, Tomkins-Netzer O, Yang D, Calder VL, Haskard DOet al., 2015,

    Pegylated interferon-alpha-2b reduces corticosteroid requirement in patients with Behcet's disease with upregulation of circulating regulatory T cells and reduction of Th17

    , Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, Vol: 74, Pages: 1138-1144, ISSN: 0003-4967

    Objective To determine whether the addition of 26 weeks of subcutaneous peginterferon-α-2b could reduce the requirement for systemic corticosteroids and conventional immunosuppressive medication in patients with Behçet's disease (BD).Methods We conducted a multicentre randomised trial in patients with BD requiring systemic therapy. Patients were randomised to 26 weeks of peginterferon-α-2b in addition to their standard care or to standard care only and followed 6-monthly for 3 years with BD activity scores and quality of life questionnaires. Patients at one centre had blood taken to measure regulatory T cells (Tregs) and Th17 cells.Results 72 patients were included. At months 10–12, while among the entire patient population there was no difference in the corticosteroid dose or immunosuppression use between the treatment groups (adjusted OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.34 to 3.19), post hoc analysis revealed that in patients who were on corticosteroids at baseline the corticosteroid requirement was significantly lower in the peginterferon-α-2b (6.5 (5–15) mg/day) compared with the non-interferon group (10 (8.25–16.5) mg/day, p=0.039). Furthermore, there was a trend towards an improved quality of life that became significant by 36 months (p=0.008). This was associated with a significant rise in Tregs and a decrease in Th17 cells which was still present at 1 year and 6 months after the interferon was stopped. The safety profile was similar with adverse events in 10% in both groups.Conclusions The addition of peginterferon-α-2b to the drug regime of BD patients did not significantly reduce their corticosteroid dose required at 1 year. However, in those on corticosteroids at baseline post hoc analysis demonstrated that the addition of peginterferon-α-2b did result in a significant reduction in corticosteroid dose with a significantly improved quality of life and trend to reduce other required immunosuppressive agents. This effect

  • Journal article
    Birdsey GM, Shah AV, Dufton N, Reynolds LE, Osuna Almagro L, Yang Y, Aspalter IM, Khan ST, Mason JC, Dejana E, Göttgens B, Hodivala-Dilke K, Gerhardt H, Adams RH, Randi AMet al., 2015,

    The endothelial transcription factor ERG promotes vascular stability and growth through Wnt/β-catenin signaling.

    , Developmental cell, Vol: 32, Pages: 82-96, ISSN: 1534-5807

    Blood vessel stability is essential for embryonic development; in the adult, many diseases are associated with loss of vascular integrity. The ETS transcription factor ERG drives expression of VE-cadherin and controls junctional integrity. We show that constitutive endothelial deletion of ERG (Erg(cEC-KO)) in mice causes embryonic lethality with vascular defects. Inducible endothelial deletion of ERG (Erg(iEC-KO)) results in defective physiological and pathological angiogenesis in the postnatal retina and tumors, with decreased vascular stability. ERG controls the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by promoting β-catenin stability, through signals mediated by VE-cadherin and the Wnt receptor Frizzled-4. Wnt signaling is decreased in ERG-deficient endothelial cells; activation of Wnt signaling with lithium chloride, which stabilizes β-catenin levels, corrects vascular defects in Erg(cEC-KO) embryos. Finally, overexpression of ERG in vivo reduces permeability and increases stability of VEGF-induced blood vessels. These data demonstrate that ERG is an essential regulator of angiogenesis and vascular stability through Wnt signaling.

  • Journal article
    Iqbal MB, Johns M, Cao J, Liu Y, Yu S-C, Hyde GD, Laffan MA, Marchese FP, Cho SH, Clark AR, Gavins FN, Woollard KJ, Blackshear PJ, Mackman N, Dean JL, Boothby M, Haskard DOet al., 2014,

    PARP-14 combines with tristetraprolin in the selective posttranscriptional control of macrophage tissue factor expression

    , Blood, Vol: 124, Pages: 3646-3655, ISSN: 0006-4971

    Tissue factor (TF) (CD142) is a 47 kDa transmembrane cell surface glycoprotein that triggers the extrinsic coagulation cascade and links thrombosis with inflammation. Although macrophage TF expression is known to be regulated at the RNA level, very little is known about the mechanisms involved. Poly(adenosine 5′-diphosphate [ADP]-ribose)-polymerase (PARP)-14 belongs to a family of intracellular proteins that generate ADP-ribose posttranslational adducts. Functional screening of PARP-14–deficient macrophages mice revealed that PARP-14 deficiency leads to increased TF expression and functional activity in macrophages after challenge with bacterial lipopolysaccharide. This was related to an increase in TF messenger RNA (mRNA) stability. Ribonucleoprotein complex immunoprecipitation and biotinylated RNA pull-down assays demonstrated that PARP-14 forms a complex with the mRNA-destabilizing protein tristetraprolin (TTP) and a conserved adenylate-uridylate-rich element in the TF mRNA 3′ untranslated region. TF mRNA regulation by PARP-14 was selective, as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α mRNA, which is also regulated by TTP, was not altered in PARP-14 deficient macrophages. Consistent with the in vitro data, TF expression and TF activity, but not TNFα expression, were increased in Parp14−/− mice in vivo. Our study provides a novel mechanism for the posttranscriptional regulation of TF expression, indicating that this is selectively regulated by PARP-14.

  • Journal article
    Shah AV, Birdsey GM, Reynolds LE, Dufton N, Almagro LO, Yang Y, Aspalter IM, Khan ST, Mason JC, Dejana E, Goettgens B, Hodivala-Dilke K, Gerhardt H, Adams RH, Randi AMet al., 2014,

    The endothelial transcription factor ERG promotes vascular stability and growth through Wnt/β-catenin signaling

    , ANGIOGENESIS, Vol: 17, Pages: 715-715, ISSN: 0969-6970

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