Imperial College London

Prof Alexander Bismarck

Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Chemical Engineering

Visiting Professor
 
 
 
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Contact

 

+44 (0)20 7594 5578a.bismarck Website

 
 
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Assistant

 

Mrs Sarah Payne +44 (0)20 7594 5567

 
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Location

 

526ACE ExtensionSouth Kensington Campus

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Summary

 

Publications

Publication Type
Year
to

527 results found

Anthony DB, Nguyen SN, Qian H, Xu S, Shaw CMD, Greenhalgh ES, Bismarck A, Shaffer MSPet al., 2023, Silica aerogel infused hierarchical glass fiber polymer composites, Composites Communications, Vol: 39, Pages: 101531-101531, ISSN: 2452-2139

Journal article

Weiland K, Alge K, Mautner A, Bauer A, Bismarck Aet al., 2023, Horse manure as resource for biogas and nanolignocellulosic fibres., Bioresour Technol, Vol: 372

Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) has key applications in composites, water filters and as emulsifiers. The affinity of NFC to water is a challenge, as it negatively influences its integrity. Lignin, a major component of plant biomass, is a natural hydrophobiser. Anaerobic digestion (AD) of biomass to produce biomethane allows to up-concentrate lignin in the fermentation residue containing lignocellulosic fibres. Horse manure was used as substrate for biogas production from which nanolignocellulose fibres (LCNF) were extracted. A biogas yield of 207 LN kgVS-1 with a methane concentration of 65 % was achieved. From the fermentation residue LCNFs, in yields of up to 41 %, with lignin contents between 23 and 29 wt% depending on fermentation time were obtained. Nanopapers produced from LCNFs possessed tensile strengths and moduli of 45 to 91 MPa and 7 to 8 GPa, respectively. The increased lignin content was responsible for decreased water absorption capacity of nanopapers.

Journal article

Mueller HW, Brandfellner L, Bismarck A, 2023, Long-term degradation of high molar mass poly(ethylene oxide) in a turbulent pilot-scale pipe flow, PHYSICS OF FLUIDS, Vol: 35, ISSN: 1070-6631

Journal article

Mautner A, Wintner S, Weiland K, Bismarck Aet al., 2023, Excellent excrements: Biogas and paper products made from animal manure, BioSpektrum, Vol: 29, Pages: 91-93, ISSN: 0947-0867

Growing demand for animal products caused by a growing population and improved living-standards also yields large quantities of manure constituting an eminent problem. Herbivore manure can be utilized as fertilizer or for biogas production, which, however, disregards the full potential of manure as feedstock for lignocellulosics. Thus, an integrated process combining biogas production and isolation of natural fibres next to providing fertilizer precursors would constitute a major leap forward.

Journal article

Almousa H, De Luca H, Anthony D, Greenhalgh E, Bismarck A, Shaffer Met al., 2023, Robust continuous production of carbon nanotube-grafted structural fibres: a route to hierarchical fibre reinforced composites, ECCM20 - The 20th European Conference on Composite Materials, Publisher: Composite Construction Laboratory (CCLab), Pages: 1451-1456

Growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) onto the fibre surface by direct chemical vapour deposition (CVD) offers a convenient means to integrate synthesis with assembly. This method delivers the nanostructures where they have the greatest influence on fibre-matrix interface or interphase. However, CVD is usually limited to small batches of short fibre lengths, and can damage the primary properties. Here, we describe a robust process to produce carbon nanotube-grafted-fibres continuously at tow level with a uniform coverage of short (sub-500 nm length), 10-20 nm diameter CNTs. Different CNT growth conditions, such as temperature [650-950 °C], duration [0.72-50 min], line speed [0.6-10 m/h], potential difference [0-1000 V], and reactive gas flow/compositions were investigated. Following optimisation, the fabrication of an entirely “fuzzy” fibre reinforced hierarchical composite was achieved.

Conference paper

Fortea-Verdejo M, Jiang Q, Bismarck A, Mautner Aet al., 2022, Foaming of oxidized nanocellulose for the preparation of high-flux water filters, MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE, ISSN: 0026-9247

Journal article

Muratspahic E, Brandfellner L, Schoeffmann J, Bismarck A, Mueller HWet al., 2022, Aqueous Solutions of Associating Poly(acrylamide-co-styrene): A Path to Improve Drag Reduction?, MACROMOLECULES, Vol: 55, Pages: 10479-10490, ISSN: 0024-9297

Journal article

Jiang Q, Horozov T, Bismarck A, 2022, One-pot approach to fabrication of porous polymers from Pickering emulsion templates, Polymer, Vol: 261, ISSN: 0032-3861

We demonstrate a simple, versatile one-pot approach for the preparation of particle stabilised soft templates and macroporous polymer materials from them. This approach allows for the rapid fabrication (in a few minutes rather than hours) of large amounts of Pickering emulsion templates by performing the synthesis of mineral nanoparticle stabilisers (e.g. CaCO3) and the emulsification in-one-go in a very efficient way. It is shown that by using suitable formulations a variety of emulsion templates with a range of monomers can be fabricated and solidified to produce macroporous materials with closed-cell, open-cell or hierarchical pore architectures. Due to its versatility and scalability, this approach could be potentially used for the production of macroporous materials for research and diverse industrial applications.

Journal article

Barkan-Oeztuerk H, Delorme J, Menner A, Bismarck Aet al., 2022, Liquid-liquid extraction using combined hydrophilic-hydrophobic emulsion templated macroporous polymer micromixer-settlers, CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND PROCESSING-PROCESS INTENSIFICATION, Vol: 181, ISSN: 0255-2701

Journal article

Jones MP, Murali GG, Laurin F, Robinson P, Bismarck Aet al., 2022, Functional flexibility: The potential of morphing composites, COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Vol: 230, ISSN: 0266-3538

Journal article

Barkan-Ozturk H, Menner A, Bismarck A, Woodward RTet al., 2022, Simultaneous hypercrosslinking and functionalization of polyHIPEs for use as coarse powder catalyst supports, CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE, Vol: 264, ISSN: 0009-2509

Journal article

Jones MP, Krexner T, Bismarck A, 2022, Repurposing Fischer-Tropsch and natural gas as bridging technologies for the energy revolution, ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT, Vol: 267, ISSN: 0196-8904

Journal article

Wang J, Anthony DB, Fuentes CA, De Luca HG, Zhang D, Bismarck A, Van Vuure AW, Shaffer MSP, Seveno Det al., 2022, Wettability of carbon nanotube-grafted carbon fibers and their interfacial properties in polypropylene thermoplastic composite, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, Vol: 159, Pages: 1-10, ISSN: 1359-835X

The interfacial properties of carbon fiber (CF) reinforced thermoplastic composites depend strongly on the wettability and surface characteristics of the reinforcing fibers, and their compatibility with a chosen matrix. The interface between conventional fibers and thermoplastic matrices is generally weak, due to a lack of specific chemical interaction, especially in the case of polyolefins. Carbon nanotube-grafted-carbon fibers (CNT-g-CF) are considered to be potential reinforcements as they provide additional mechanical interlocking. Commercial CFs were successfully grafted with nanotubes using a continuous, and hence scalable, CVD method. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Wilhelmy wetting measurements, and scanning electron microscopy confirmed the successful grafting and resulting hydrophobic surface chemistry, dominated by van der Waals interactions. The grafted CNTs, with diameters and lengths around 10 nm and 140 nm respectively, were well suited to improve the overall wettability and interfacial shear strength (+53.4 %) of the CNT-g-CF in a polypropylene matrix when compared to as-received unsized CFs.

Journal article

Yousefi N, Fisher SJ, Burgstaller C, Shaffer MSP, Bismarck Aet al., 2022, Hierarchical carbon fibre composites incorporating high loadings of carbon nanotubes, Composites Science and Technology, Vol: 222, ISSN: 0266-3538

Uncured solid bisphenol-A epoxy resins containing up to 20 wt% carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were prepared usingmelt blending in a high shear mixer. The extrudate was ground to produce fine nanocomposite (NC) powders.This simple method produced well-dispersed NC, with CNT agglomerate sizes below 1 μm. Consolidated NCsdisplayed improved tensile moduli and strengths up to 3.3 GPa (+32%) and 78 MPa (+19%), respectively at 15wt% CNT, compared to the pure cured epoxy matrix. The relatively high Tg of 39 ◦C for the uncured NC powderssimplified the manufacture of composite prepregs using wet powder impregnation. The prepregs were laminatedinto hierarchical carbon fibre reinforced composites with improved through-thickness properties. Interlaminarshear strength improved for intermediate CNT loadings in the matrix up to 65 MPa (10 wt% CNT, +19%) butdecreased at higher concentrations. Compression moduli remained constant irrespectively of CNT loading butcompression strength increased with a CNT loading of 2.5 wt% to 772 MPa (+31%). The mechanical propertiesof the hierarchical composites reflect good consolidation (void content <3%) and excellent fibre alignment(<±0.8◦). In addition to the improved mechanical properties, incorporation of CNTs improved the through-thickness electrical conductivity up to 115 S/m

Journal article

Krexner T, Bauer A, Zollitsch W, Weiland K, Bismarck A, Gronauer A, Kral Iet al., 2022, Environmental life cycle assessment of nano-cellulose and biogas production from manure, JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, Vol: 314, ISSN: 0301-4797

Journal article

Barkan-Oeztuerk H, Menner A, Bismarck A, 2022, Polymerised high internal phase emulsion micromixers for continuous emulsification, CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE, Vol: 252, ISSN: 0009-2509

Journal article

Ferrer J, Jiang Q, Menner A, Bismarck Aet al., 2022, An approach for the scalable production of macroporous polymer beads, JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE, Vol: 616, Pages: 834-845, ISSN: 0021-9797

Journal article

Werner M, Glueck MS, Braeuer B, Bismarck A, Lieberzeit PAet al., 2022, Investigations on sub-structures within cavities of surface imprinted polymers using AFM and PF-QNM, SOFT MATTER, Vol: 18, Pages: 2245-2251, ISSN: 1744-683X

Journal article

Lamoriniere S, Jones MP, Ho K, Kalinka G, Shaffer MSP, Bismarck Aet al., 2022, Carbon nanotube enhanced carbon Fibre-Poly(ether ether ketone) interfaces in model hierarchical composites, COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Vol: 221, ISSN: 0266-3538

Journal article

Wu R, Jones MP, Jiang Q, Hodgkinson JM, Menner A, Bismarck Aet al., 2022, Assessing shear, tensile and fracture properties of macroporous nanocomposites using the Arcan test, POLYMER TESTING, Vol: 107, ISSN: 0142-9418

Journal article

Bai S, Jones MP, de Laclause TP, Jiang Q, Mautner A, Swolfs Y, Ho K, Knox G, Bismarck Aet al., 2022, Towards robust synchronous belts: influence of surface characteristics on interfacial adhesion, COMPOSITE INTERFACES, Vol: 29, Pages: 1145-1159, ISSN: 0927-6440

Journal article

Leese HS, Tejkl M, Vilar L, Georgi L, Yau HC, Rubio N, Reixach E, Buk J, Jiang Q, Bismarck A, Hahn R, Shaffer MSPet al., 2022, High-k dielectric screen-printed inks for mechanical energy harvesting devices, MATERIALS ADVANCES, Vol: 3, Pages: 1780-1790

Journal article

Steindl P, Menner A, Bismarck A, 2022, Permeable emulsion-templated porous polyepoxides, POLYMER, Vol: 240, ISSN: 0032-3861

Journal article

Kuehnelt H, Beutl A, Mastropierro F, Laurin F, Willrodt S, Bismarck A, Guida M, Romano Fet al., 2022, Structural Batteries for Aeronautic Applications-State of the Art, Research Gaps and Technology Development Needs, AEROSPACE, Vol: 9

Journal article

Anthony DB, De Luca HG, Almousa H, Greenhalgh ES, Bismarck A, Shaffer MSPet al., 2022, Carbon Nanotube-grafted Carbon Fiber Production: A Scaling Challenge

Conference paper

Murali GG, Robinson P, Bismarck A, Burgstaller Cet al., 2022, DEPLOYABLE COMPOSITE MESHES - MODELLING, MANUFACTURE AND CHARACTERISATION, Pages: 1183-1190

This paper describes the design and manufacture of a laminate which, when heated, will deploy into an expanded mesh. The design exploits the bending and/or twisting curvature that results when a non-symmetric laminate is subjected to a temperature change. To ensure the mesh laminate is almost flat after curing (i.e. prior to deployment), layups consisting of non-symmetric sublaminates separated by thermoplastic interleaves have been developed. When such a laminate is subsequently heated above the Tg of the thermoplastic layers, the mesh deploys. Two different layups are investigated; one deploys into a planar mesh and the other deploys into a mesh which forms a curved surface.

Conference paper

Weiland K, Wlcek B, Krexner T, Kral I, Kontturi E, Mautner A, Bauer A, Bismarck Aet al., 2021, Excellence in Excrements: Upcycling of Herbivore Manure into Nanocellulose and Biogas, ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING, Vol: 9, Pages: 15506-15513, ISSN: 2168-0485

Journal article

Hubert O, Todorovic N, Bismarck A, 2021, Towards separator-free structural composite supercapacitors, COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Vol: 217, ISSN: 0266-3538

Journal article

Barkan-Oeztuerk H, Menner A, Bismarck A, 2021, Emulsion-Templated Macroporous Polymer Micromixers, Publisher: AMER CHEMICAL SOC, Pages: 14013-14025, ISSN: 0888-5885

Conference paper

Kondor A, Santmarti A, Mautner A, Williams D, Bismarck A, Lee K-Yet al., 2021, On the BET surface area of nanocellulose determined using volumetric, gravimetric and chromatographic adsorption methods, Frontiers in Chemical Engineering, Vol: 3, Pages: 1-12, ISSN: 2673-2718

Volumetric N2 adsorption at –196 °C is generally accepted as “gold standard” for estimating the Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) surface area of nanocellulose. It is unclear however, whether the BET surface area of nanocellulose obtained at such low temperatures and pressures is meaningful at an absolute sense, as nanocellulose is used at ambient temperature and pressure. In this work, a systematic evaluation of the BET surface area of nanocellulose using a highly crystalline bacterial cellulose (BC) as model nanocellulose was undertaken to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the limitations of BET method for nanocellulose. BET surface area obtained using volumetric N2 adsorption at –196 °C was compared with the BET surface area acquired from gravimetric experiments using n-octane adsorption measured using dynamic vapour sorption (DVS) and n-octane adsorption determined by inverse gas chromatography (iGC), both at 25 °C. It was found that the BET surface area calculated from volumetric N2 adsorption data was 25% lower than that of n-octane adsorption at 25 °C obtained using DVS and iGC adsorption methods. These results supported the hypothesis that the BET surface area of nanocellulose is both a molecular scale (N2 vs n-octane, molecular cross section of 0.162 nm2 vs 0.646 nm2) and temperature (–196 °C vs 25 °C) dependent property. This study also demonstrates the importance of selecting appropriate BET pressure range based on established criteria and would suggest that the room temperature gravimetric measurement is more relevant for many nanocellulose applications.

Journal article

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