Publications
358 results found
Smith CD, Alexander S, Hill AM, et al., 2006, A Biomechanical Comparison of Single and Double-Row Fixation in Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair, J Bone Joint Surg Am, Vol: 88, Pages: 2425-2431
McGregor AH, Wragg P, Bull AMJ, et al., 2005, Cervical spine mobilizations in subjects with chronic neck problems: An interventional MRI study, Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, Vol: 18, Pages: 21-28, ISSN: 1053-8127
Manual therapists frequently use posteroanterior mobilisation as both an examination tool and a form of conservative treatment. At present our knowledge of the principles underlying this technique are scant. This study aimed to investigate changes in vertebral kinematics and soft tissue displacement as a result of a sustained posteroanterior (PA) mobilisation applied to the cervical spine of a subject with a history of chronic neck pain.Five subjects were recruited and written informed consent obtained. Subjects were scanned using a General Electric Signa SPI0 Open Interventional MRI scanner. Subjects were scanned in the prone position with their necks in both neutral and flexed positions. In each position a PA mobilisation to the 2nd and 6th cervical vertebrae was performed. Sagittal images of the spine were obtained prior to, during and following the mobilisation, from which measures of vertebral angulation and translation were recorded. Measurements of intervertebral angulation and translation demonstrated little if any motion during the application of a PA mobilisation. Marked and significant changes were seen in terms of soft tissue compression and in some instances overall angulation of the cervical spine.These initial studies suggest that the application of a PA mobilisation to the cervical spine produces minimal if any intervertebral motion. This is in agreement with earlier studies investigating motion in healthy normal spines.
McGregor AH, Patankar ZS, Bull AMJ, 2005, Spinal kinematics in elite oarswomen during a routine physiological "step test", MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE, Vol: 37, Pages: 1014-1020, ISSN: 0195-9131
Spinal Kinematics in Elite Oarswomen during a Routine Physiological“Step Test.” Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 37, No. 6, pp. 1014 –1020, 2005. Introduction: Biomechanical measures of movement arebeing used increasingly to understand injury mechanisms and enhance performance. Frequently, rowing injuries are attributed to poorrowing technique. This suggests a need to understand technique and its influencing factors. This study aimed to quantify rowingtechnique in terms of lumbopelvic motion, force production, and work done at different work intensities. Methods: An electromagneticmotion measuring device in conjunction with a load cell was used to determine the ergometer rowing kinematics of 12 elite internationaloarswomen during a routine step test. This test comprised six steps at a series of different stroke ratings starting at 18 strokes per minuteand ending at maximal-output rowing. Results: As work intensity increased, force output increased significantly (P 0.0001). Strokelength remained relatively consistent throughout the steps, although there was a nonsignificant shortening from 136.5 cm (6.4 SD)at 18 strokes per minute to 130.6 cm (8.1) at maximal testing. Changes in kinematics were also observed, particularly at the catchand finish positions. There was a trend towards less anterior pelvic rotation occurring at the catch with an associated reduction in lumbarrotation and greater extensions occurring in both at the finish at the higher rating. Overall, rowers underutilized pelvic rotation toachieve these positions relying predominately on lumbar rotation. Conclusion: This study quantified the spinal kinematics of eliterowers at different incremental work intensities and noted subtle but important changes to lumbopelvic and spinal kinematics atincreasing work levels, particularly at maximal intensity. Such changes particularly are thought to be important with respect to thedevelopment of low-back pain.
Robinson JR, Bull AMJ, Amis AA, 2005, Structural properties of the medial collateral ligament complex of the human knee, JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS, Vol: 38, Pages: 1067-1074, ISSN: 0021-9290
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- Citations: 158
Bull AMJ, Reilly P, Wallace AL, et al., 2005, A novel technique to measure active tendon forces: application to the subscapularis tendon, KNEE SURGERY SPORTS TRAUMATOLOGY ARTHROSCOPY, Vol: 13, Pages: 145-150, ISSN: 0942-2056
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- Citations: 18
Lee RYW, McGregor AH, Bull AMJ, et al., 2005, Dynamic response of the cervical spine to posteroanterior mobilisation, CLINICAL BIOMECHANICS, Vol: 20, Pages: 228-231, ISSN: 0268-0033
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- Citations: 43
Dente E, Ng J, Vrij A, et al., 2005, Tracking small hand movements in interview situations, Pages: 55-60, ISSN: 0537-9989
In this paper, we motivate ongoing work into developing methods for the automated tracking of small hand movements in interview situations to aid non-verbal behaviour analysis in the detection of deception. Existing techniques for detecting and tracking hand motion are reviewed to place current and future technical work into context. We present a modification to the popular colour predicate approach to skin detection based on Bayesian posterior probability maps and Parzen colour space probability density estimates. We demonstrate the application of a complex wavelet decomposition to identify changes in finger position. Although our existing hand tracking algorithm currently relies on posterior probability map thresholding, morphological operations and distance heuristics, we suggest the role of kinematic models of upper body, limb and finger motion for future work.
Amis AA, Bull AMJ, Lie DTT, 2005, Biomechanics of rotational instability and anatomic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics, Vol: 15, Pages: 29-35, ISSN: 1048-6666
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the primary restraint to tibial anterior translation (anterior draw). Tibial anterior draw is normally accompanied by a "coupled" tibial internal rotation. Both internal rotation and anterior translation can be increased by rupture of the ACL, resulting in a large movement of the mobile lateral tibial plateau. Arthroscopic ACL reconstruction adequately restores the anterior draw; however, the peripheral structures that are the primary restraints to tibial rotation often are neglected. Recent work has shown that a residual or "mini" pivot shift can remain after successfully restoring the anterior-posterior laxity of the knee. The search for a better restoration of normal kinematics has reawakened interest in double-bundle reconstructions. Although biomechanical studies have demonstrated that this type of reconstruction may better restore the normal kinematics, there is as yet no clinical evidence. Draw testing should now be superseded by kinematics measures of both rotations and translations of the knee with quantified loads to provide objective measures that better assess the efficacy of new surgical techniques. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Bull AMJ, Amis AA, 2005, Biomechanik, Orthopaedie und Orthopaedische Chirurgie, Editors: Wirth, Zichner, Stuttgart, New York, Publisher: Georg Thieme Verlag, Pages: 35-52
Dietrich S, Bull AMJ, Leher A, et al., 2005, The prevalence of craniomandibular disorders (cmd) in male competitive rowers., J. Musculoskeletal Res., Vol: 9, Pages: 35-43
McGregor AH, Wragg P, Bull AMJ, et al., 2005, Cervical spine mobilisations in subjects with chronic neck problems: An interventional MRI study., Journal of Back & Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, Vol: 18
Amis AA, Bull AMJ, Lie DTT, 2005, The biomechanics of rotatory knee instability and anatomic ACL reconstructions., Oper. Tech. Orthop., Vol: 15, Pages: 29-35
Reilly P, Bull AMJ, Amis AA, et al., 2004, Passive tension and gap formation of rotator cuff repairs, JOURNAL OF SHOULDER AND ELBOW SURGERY, Vol: 13, Pages: 664-667, ISSN: 1058-2746
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- Citations: 41
McGregor AH, Bull AMJ, Byng-Maddick R, 2004, A comparison of rowing technique at different stroke rates: A description of sequencing, force production and kinematics, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE, Vol: 25, Pages: 465-470, ISSN: 0172-4622
Low back pain is the commonest musculoskeletal complaint in rowers. Research into the relationship between rowing technique, the forces generated during the rowing stroke and the kinematics of spinal motion are increasing, but to date none have investigated the impact of different rowing intensities on this relationship. A technique has been developed using an electromagnetic motion system and strain gauge instrumented load cell to measure spinal and pelvic motion and force generated at the handle during rowing on an exercise rowing ergometer. Using this technique ten collegiate male rowers (mean age 22.1 ± 2.8 years) from local rowing clubs were investigated. The test protocol consisted of rowing on an ergometer at three different stroke ratings; 17 - 20 strokes per minute; 24 - 28 strokes per minute; and 28 - 36 strokes per minute. Each rating was held for four minutes, with a five-minute rest between each rating. Marked changes in the force output curve and lumbopelvic kinematics were observed at the different rowing intensities. Although there was no change in the magnitude of peak torque generated during the different rating, there was a marked shift in when this occurred during the stroke. In terms of kinematic changes, these centred around changes in pelvic rotation at the catch and finish stages of the stroke with significantly less anterior rotation occurring at the catch position at higher rowing intensities. To conclude, this study suggests that rowing kinematics and force profiles do change at higher rowing intensities. These changes may be an important factor with respect to injury mechanisms, however, further work is required at an elite level.
McGregor AH, Bull AMJ, Lee R, et al., 2004, Dynamic response of the human spine to anteroposterior mobilisation manual therapy: an interventional magnetic resonance imaging study (short communication), Physiotherapy, Vol: 90, Pages: 165-166, ISSN: 0031-9406
ObjectivesThe biomechanics of posteroanterior mobilisation (PA) is poorly understood. Studies to date have recorded static spinal kinematics but have failed to quantify the force applied during the technique. The aims of this study were to develop and validate a tool to measure the force applied to the cervical spine during the administration of PA manual therapy.Study populationNineteen control subjects (10 males, 9 females, mean age 29.1 (S.D. 6.2) years) with no history of cervical pain requiring intervention were recruited into this study and written informed consent obtained.MethodsDevice developmentThe force measurement device had to be MR compatible, give the correct feel to the examiner to simulate the normal PA manipulation technique, easy to read from within the iMR suite by the examiner, calibrated for specific levels of force application and the force values had to be recorded simultaneously with the MR images. The design of the device was fraught with complexities relating to obtaining a precise measure of force, and the magnetic environment. A simple low cost approach was used to address this problem and a fluid-filled device was constructed that could be placed between the therapists hands and the subjects neck. Synchronisation was achieved by videoing the whole test procedure and logging this video with the image sequence number and time of scanning. Although a working system was achieved the device developed was found to be limited with respect to recording absolute force and consequently the values of force recorded were lower than expected, and the extraction of force data from the videos time consuming and complex.Imaging protocolSubjects were scanned using a General Electric Signa SP10 Interventional MRI scanner (iMR) at St. Mary’s Hospital, London. This is an open MRI scanner consisting of two connected but opposing ring “doughnut” magnets. The gap between these magnets is 56 cm generating a uniform field of 0.5 T. Subjects we
Shih YF, Bull AMJ, Amis AA, 2004, The cartilaginous and osseous geometry of the femoral trochlear groove, KNEE SURGERY SPORTS TRAUMATOLOGY ARTHROSCOPY, Vol: 12, Pages: 300-306, ISSN: 0942-2056
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- Citations: 87
Robinson JR, Sanchez-Ballester J, Bull AMJ, et al., 2004, The posteromedial corner revisited - An anatomical description of the passive restraining structures of the medial aspect of the human knee, JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-BRITISH VOLUME, Vol: 86B, Pages: 674-681, ISSN: 0301-620X
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- Citations: 147
Shih YF, Bull AMJ, McGregor AH, et al., 2004, Active patellar tracking measurement - A novel device using ultrasound, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE, Vol: 32, Pages: 1209-1217, ISSN: 0363-5465
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- Citations: 30
McDermott ID, Sharifi F, Bull AMJ, et al., 2004, An anatomical study of meniscal allograft sizing, KNEE SURGERY SPORTS TRAUMATOLOGY ARTHROSCOPY, Vol: 12, Pages: 130-135, ISSN: 0942-2056
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- Citations: 100
Bull AMJ, Amis AA, 2004, Caracteristiques biomecaniques des ligaments et des menisques du genou [Biomechanical function of knee ligaments and menisci], Pathologie ligamentaire du genou, Editors: Landreau, Christel, Djian, Publisher: Springer, Pages: 45-60, ISBN: 9782287597336
Scholes SC, Bull AMJ, Unsworth A, et al., 2004, Biomechanics of articulations and derangements in disease, Oxford textbook of rheumatology, Editors: Isenberg, Maddison, Woo, David Glass, Breedveld, Isenberg, Maddison, Woo, Glass, Breedveld, Oxford, Publisher: Oxford University Press, Pages: 379-387, ISBN: 9780198509486
Bull AMJ, Holt PJ, Wragg P, et al., 2004, Validation of the use of a skin-mounted device to measure out-of-plane rotations of the spine for a rowing activity, Journal of Musculoskeletal Research, Vol: 8, Pages: 129-132, ISSN: 0218-9577
Amis AA, Bull AMJ, Farahmand F, et al., 2004, Patellofemoral joint biomechanics, Patellofemoral disorders: diagnosis and treatment, Editors: Biedert, Biedert, Chichester, Publisher: John Wiley, Pages: 37-53, ISBN: 9780470850114
Holt PJE, Bull AMJ, Cashman PMM, et al., 2003, Kinematics of spinal motion during prolonged rowing, INT J SPORTS MED, Vol: 24, Pages: 597-602, ISSN: 0172-4622
Low back pain is a common problem in rowers of all levels. Few studies have looked at the relationship between rowing technique, the forces generated during the rowing stroke and the kinematics of spinal motion. Of particular concern with respect to spinal injury and damage are the effects of fatigue during long rowing sessions. A technique has been developed using an electromagnetic motion system and strain gauge instrumented load cell to measure spinal and pelvic motion and force generated at the handle during rowing on an exercise rowing ergometer. Using this technique 13 elite national and international oarsmen (mean age 22.43 +/- 1.5 y) from local top squad rowing teams were investigated. The test protocol consisted of a one hour rowing piece. During this session rowing stroke profiles were quantified in terms of lumbopelvic kinematics and stroke force profiles. These profiles were sampled at the start of the session and at quarterly intervals during the hour piece. From this data we were able to quantify the motion of the lumbar spine and pelvis during rowing and relate this to the stroke force profile. The stroke profiles over the one hour piece were then compared to examine the effects of prolonged rowing. This revealed marked increases in the amount of spinal motion during the hour piece. The relevance of this with regard to low back pain requires further investigation.
Senavongse W, Farahmand F, Jones J, et al., 2003, Quantitative measurement of patellofemoral joint stability: force-displacement behavior of the human patella in vitro, JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH, Vol: 21, Pages: 780-786, ISSN: 0736-0266
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- Citations: 91
Amis AA, Bull AMJ, Gupte CM, et al., 2003, Biomechanics of the PCL and related structures: posterolateral, posteromedial and meniscofemoral ligaments, KNEE SURGERY SPORTS TRAUMATOLOGY ARTHROSCOPY, Vol: 11, Pages: 271-281, ISSN: 0942-2056
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- Citations: 124
O'Sullivan F, O'Sullivan J, Bull AMJ, et al., 2003, Modelling multivariate biomechanical measurements of the spine during a rowing exercise, CLINICAL BIOMECHANICS, Vol: 18, Pages: 488-493, ISSN: 0268-0033
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- Citations: 29
Gupte CM, Bull AMJ, Thomas RD, et al., 2003, The meniscofemoral ligaments: secondary restraints to the posterior drawer - Analysis of anteroposterior and rotary laxity in the intact and posterior-cruciate-deficient knee, JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-BRITISH VOLUME, Vol: 85B, Pages: 765-773, ISSN: 0301-620X
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- Citations: 61
Katchburian MV, Bull AMJ, Shih YF, et al., 2003, Measurement of patellar tracking: Assessment and analysis of the literature, CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS AND RELATED RESEARCH, Pages: 241-259, ISSN: 0009-921X
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- Citations: 113
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