Publications
358 results found
Shaheen AF, Alexander CM, Bull AM, 2011, Effects of attachment position and shoulder orientation during calibration on the accuracy of the acromial tracker, J Biomech., Vol: 44, Pages: 1410-1413
The acromial tracker is used to measure scapular rotations during dynamic movements. The method has low accuracy in high elevations and is sensitive to its attachment location on the acromion. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the attachment position and shoulder orientation during calibration on the tracker accuracy. The tracker was attached to one of three positions: near the anterior edge of the acromion process, just above the acromial angle and the meeting point between the acromion and the scapular spine. The scapula locator was used to track the scapula during bilateral abduction simultaneously. The locator was used to calibrate the tracker at: no abduction, 30 degrees , 60 degrees , 90 degrees and 120 degrees humerothoracic abduction. ANOVA tests compared RMS errors for different attachment positions and calibration angles. The results showed that attaching the device at the meeting point between the acromion and the scapular spine gave the smallest errors and it was best to calibrate the device at 60 degrees for elevations </=90 degrees , at 120 degrees for elevations >90 degrees and at 90 degrees or 120 degrees for the full range of abduction. The accuracy of the tracker is significantly improved if attached appropriately and calibrated for the range of movement being measured
Murphy AJ, Bull AMJ, McGregor AH, 2011, Optimizing and validating an electromagnetic tracker in a human performance laboratory, PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART H-JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE, Vol: 225, Pages: 343-351, ISSN: 0954-4119
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- Citations: 4
Amadi HO, Bull AMJ, 2011, Algorithm and validation of a computer method forquantifying attachment locus of glenohumeral ligament invivo, Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, Vol: 14, Pages: 1059-1063, ISSN: 1025-5842
The aim of this work was to validate an algorithm that quantifies the locus ofglenohumeral ligaments (GHL) attachments on glenohumeral joint (GHJ)bones.A computed tomography scan of a GHJ was segmented to reconstruct thehumerus, scapula, anatomical neck (AN) and glenoid rim (GR) into 3-Dmeshes of interconnecting nodal-vectors. These were applied to construct a‘clock face’ coordinate system in which three o’clock points anteriorly.Based on the assigned clock face coordinate frame and the fitted plane, theerror between the fitted plane and the actual bony node were quantifiedthrough manual data extraction. This was tested on 50 specimens.Mean algorithm quantification errors for GHL attachments were 4.8mm (SD2.2mm) and 4.5mm (1.7mm) for the humerus and glenoid, respectively.Further studies would apply this to investigate GHL length changes duringfunction and may suggest how these structures should be handled duringsurgical repairs.
Ramasamy A, Masouros SD, Newell N, et al., 2011, In-vehicle extremity injuries from improvised explosive devices: current and future foci, PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, Vol: 366, Pages: 160-170, ISSN: 0962-8436
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- Citations: 59
Cleather DJ, Goodwin JE, Bull AMJ, 2011, An Optimization Approach to Inverse Dynamics Provides Insight as to the Function of the Biarticular Muscles During Vertical Jumping, ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, Vol: 39, Pages: 147-160, ISSN: 0090-6964
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- Citations: 29
Murphy AJ, Bull AMJ, McGregor AH, 2011, Predicting the lumbosacral joint centre location from palpable anatomical landmarks, PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART H-JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE, Vol: 225, Pages: 1078-1083, ISSN: 0954-4119
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- Citations: 6
Cleather DJ, Bull AMJ, 2011, Knee and hip joint forces - sensitivity to the degrees of freedom classification at the knee, PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART H-JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE, Vol: 225, Pages: 621-626, ISSN: 0954-4119
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- Citations: 17
Clarke SG, Phillips ATM, Bull AMJ, 2011, Evaluating a suitable level of model complexity for finite element analysis of the intact acetabulum, Computational Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering
Donoghue C, Rao A, Bull AMJ, et al., 2011, Manifold learning for automatically predicting articular cartilage morphology in the knee with data from the osteoarthritis initiative (OAI), Conference on Medical Imaging 2011 - Image Processing, Publisher: SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING, ISSN: 0277-786X
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- Citations: 2
Alpay E, Ahearn AL, Bull AMJ, 2011, Promoting Cross-Departmental Initiatives for a Global Dimension in Engineering Education: the Imperial College Experience, European Journal of Engineering Education, Vol: 36, Pages: 225-242
Brown K, Bo C, Ramasamy A, et al., 2011, Prospects for studying how high-intensity compression waves cause damage in human blast injuries, 17th Biennial International Conference of the American Physical Society: Topical Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter
Amadi HO, Bull AMJ, 2010, A motion-decomposition approach to address gimbal lock in the 3-cylinder open chain mechanism description of a joint coordinate system at the glenohumeral joint, Journal of Biomechanics, Vol: 43, Pages: 3232-3236, ISSN: 0021-9290
In this study, the standard-sequence properties of a joint coordinate system were implemented for the glenohumeral joint by the use of a set of instantaneous geometrical planes. These are: a plane that is bound by the humeral long axis and an orthogonal axis that is the cross product of the scapular anterior axis and this long axis, and a plane that is bounded by the long axis of the humerus and the cross product of the scapular lateral axis and this long axis. The relevant axes are updated after every decomposition of a motion component of a humeral position. Flexion, abduction and rotation are then implemented upon three of these axes and are applied in a step-wise uncoupling of an acquired humeral motion to extract the joint coordinate system angles. This technique was numerically applied to physiological kinematics data from the literature to convert them to the joint coordinate system and to visually reconstruct the motion on a set of glenohumeral bones for validation.
Cleather DJ, Bull AMJ, 2010, Influence of inverse dynamics methods on the calculation of inter-segmental moments in vertical jumping and weightlifting, BioMedical Engineering OnLine, Vol: 9, ISSN: 1475-925X
BackgroundA vast number of biomechanical studies have employed inverse dynamics methods to calculate inter-segmental moments during movement. Although all inverse dynamics methods are rooted in classical mechanics and thus theoretically the same, there exist a number of distinct computational methods. Recent research has demonstrated a key influence of the dynamics computation of the inverse dynamics method on the calculated moments, despite the theoretical equivalence of the methods. The purpose of this study was therefore to explore the influence of the choice of inverse dynamics on the calculation of inter-segmental moments.MethodsAn inverse dynamics analysis was performed to analyse vertical jumping and weightlifting movements using two distinct methods. The first method was the traditional inverse dynamics approach, in this study characterized as the 3 step method, where inter-segmental moments were calculated in the local coordinate system of each segment, thus requiring multiple coordinate system transformations. The second method (the 1 step method) was the recently proposed approach based on wrench notation that allows all calculations to be performed in the global coordinate system. In order to best compare the effect of the inverse dynamics computation a number of the key assumptions and methods were harmonized, in particular unit quaternions were used to parameterize rotation in both methods in order to standardize the kinematics.ResultsMean peak inter-segmental moments calculated by the two methods were found to agree to 2 decimal places in all cases and were not significantly different (p > 0.05). Equally the normalized dispersions of the two methods were small.ConclusionsIn contrast to previously documented research the difference between the two methods was found to be negligible. This study demonstrates that the 1 and 3 step method are computationally equivalent and can thus be used interchangeably in musculoskeletal modelling technology. It is i
Modenese L, Phillips ATM, Bull AMJ, 2010, A State of the Art 3D Model of the Lower Limb: Application to Muscle Force Estimation andValidation, 6th World Congress of Biomechanics (WCB 2010), Publisher: Springer
Shah PL, 2010, Anatomy, ERS Handbook on Respiratory Medicine, Editors: Palange, Simonds, Beaufils, Verdonk, Berlin, Germany, Publisher: European Respiratory Society Journals Ltd, Pages: 11-19, ISBN: 978-1904097990
This clinical guide provides a special focus on the normal meniscal mechanism, body and function.
Masouros SD, McDermott ID, Bull AMJ, et al., 2010, Biomechanics, The Meniscus, Editors: Beaufils, Verdonk, Berlin, Germany, Publisher: Springer, Pages: 29-37, ISBN: 9783642024498
This clinical guide provides a special focus on the normal meniscal mechanism, body and function.
Bull A, 2010, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology: Guest Editorial, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology, Vol: 224, ISSN: 1754-3371
Curry C, Collins W, Jarvis B, et al., 2010, What Helps Us Learn?, EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP, Vol: 67, Pages: 68-69, ISSN: 0013-1784
Cleather DJ, Bull AMJ, 2010, Lower-extremity musculoskeletal geometry affects the calculation of patellofemoral forces in vertical jumping and weightlifting, PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART H-JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE, Vol: 224, Pages: 1073-1083, ISSN: 0954-4119
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- Citations: 33
Ramasamy A, Hill AM, Gibb I, et al., 2010, Explosion mediated fracture patterns relate to environment: a forensic biomechanical approach, Annual Meeting of the British Orthopaedic Research Society
Murphy AJ, Chee STH, Bull AMJ, et al., 2010, The calibration and application of a force-measuring apparatus on the seat of a rowing ergometer, PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART P-JOURNAL OF SPORTS ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, Vol: 224, Pages: 109-116, ISSN: 1754-3371
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- Citations: 7
Hislop S, Cummins K, Bull AMJ, et al., 2010, Significant influence of the design of the rowing ergometer on elite athlete kinematics, PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART P-JOURNAL OF SPORTS ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, Vol: 224, Pages: 101-107, ISSN: 1754-3371
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- Citations: 3
Holloway M, Alpay E, Bull AMJ, 2010, A Quantitative Approach to Identifying Threshold Concepts in Engineering Education, Engineering Education 2010, Publisher: The Higher Education Academy Engineering Subject Centre
, 2010, The Meniscus, Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, ISBN: 9783642024498
McDermott ID, Masouros SD, Bull AMJ, et al., 2010, Anatomy, MENISCUS, Editors: Beaufils, Verdonk, Publisher: SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN, Pages: 11-18, ISBN: 978-3-642-02449-8
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- Citations: 7
Bull A, 2010, SPECIAL ISSUE ON TECHNOLOGY IN ROWING, PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART P-JOURNAL OF SPORTS ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, Vol: 224, Pages: I-I, ISSN: 1754-3371
Masouros SD, Bull AMJ, Amis AA, 2010, (i) Biomechanics of the knee joint, ORTOPAED TRAUMA, Vol: 24, Pages: 84-91
The knee joint has biomechanical roles in allowing gait, flexing and rotating yet remaining stable during the activities of daily life, and transmitting forces across it. Geometrical, anatomical and structural considerations allow the knee joint to accomplish these biomechanical roles. These are addressed and discussed in this article.
Ramasamy A, Hill AM, Hepper AE, et al., 2009, Blast mines: physics, injury mechanisms and vehicle protection, BMJ Military Health, Vol: 155, Pages: 258-264, ISSN: 2633-3767
Since World War II, more vehicles have been lost to land mines than all other threats combined. Anti-vehicular (AV) mines are capable of disabling a heavy vehicle, or completely destroying a lighter vehicle. The most common form of AV mine is the blast mine, which uses a large amount of explosive to directly damage the target. In a conventional military setting, landmines are used as a defensive force-multiplier and to restrict the movements of the opposing force. They are relatively cheap to purchase and easy to acquire, hence landmines are also potent weapons in the insurgents' armamentarium. The stand-offnature of its design has allowed insurgents to cause significant injuries to security forces in current conflicts with little personal risk. As a result, AV mines and improvised explosive devices (IEDs) have become the most common cause of death and injury to Coalition and local security forces operating in Iraq and Afghanistan. Detonation of an AV mine causes an explosive, exothermic reaction which results in the formation of a shockwave followed by a rapid expansion of gases. The shockwave is mainly reflected by the soillair interface and fractures the soil cap overthe mine. The detonation products then vent through the voids in the soil, resulting in a hollow inverse cone which consists of the detonation gases surrounded by the soil ejecta. It is the combination of the detonation products and soil ejecta that interact with the target vehicle and cause injury to the vehicle occupants. A number of different strategies are required to mitigate the blast effects of an explosion. Primary blast effects can be reduced by increasing the standoff distance between the seat of the explosion and the crew compartment. Enhancement of armour on the base of the vehicle, as well as improvements in personal protection can prevent penetration of fragments. Mitigating tertiary effects can be achieved by altering the vehicle geometry and structure, increasing vehicle mass, as well
Amadi H O, Bull A M J, Hansen U, 2009, A numerical tool for the reconstruction of the physiological kinematics of the gienohumeral joint (GHJ), IMechE Conference on Engineering the Upper Limb, Publisher: SAGE, Pages: 833-837
The aim of this study was to develop and test a robust approach to apply a joint coordinate system (JCS) to imaging data sets of the glenohumeral joint and to reconstruct the kinematics with six degrees of freedom (6DOF) in order to investigate shoulder pathologies related to instability. Visible human data were used to reconstruct bony morphology. Landmarks were used to define axes for body-fixed Cartesian coordinate frames on the humerus and scapula. These were applied to a three-cylinder open-chain JCS upon which the humeral 6DOF motions relative to the scapula were implemented. Software was written that applies 6DOF input variables to rotate and translate the nodes of the surface geometry of the humerus relative to the scapula in a global coordinate frame. The instantaneous relative position and orientation of the humerus for a given set of variables were thus reconstructed on the bone models for graphical display. This tool can be used for graphical animation of shoulder kinematics, demonstrating clinical assessments, and allowing further analysis of the function of tissues within the joint.
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