Publications
1089 results found
Bush A, Nicholson AG, 2023, Cancer or Not Cancer: That Is the Question., Am J Respir Crit Care Med, Vol: 207, Pages: 511-513
Bousquet J, Melén E, Haahtela T, et al., 2023, Rhinitis associated with asthma is distinct from rhinitis alone: The ARIA-MeDALL hypothesis., Allergy
Asthma, rhinitis and atopic dermatitis (AD) are interrelated clinical phenotypes that partly overlap in the human interactome. The concept of "one-airway-one-disease", coined over 20 years ago, is a simplistic approach of the links between upper- and lower-airway allergic diseases. With new data, it is time to reassess the concept. This article reviews (i) the clinical observations that led to Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA), (ii) new insights into polysensitisation and multimorbidity, (iii) advances in mHealth for novel phenotype definition, (iv) confirmation in canonical epidemiologic studies, (v) genomic findings, (vi) treatment approaches and (vii) novel concepts on the onset of rhinitis and multimorbidity. One recent concept, bringing together upper- and lower-airway allergic diseases with skin, gut and neuropsychiatric multimorbidities, is the "Epithelial Barrier Hypothesis". This review determined that the "one-airway-one-disease" concept does not always hold true and that several phenotypes of disease can be defined. These phenotypes include an extreme "allergic" (asthma) phenotype combining asthma, rhinitis and conjunctivitis. Rhinitis alone and rhinitis and asthma multimorbidity represent two distinct diseases with the following differences: (i) genomic and transcriptomic background (Toll-Like Receptors and IL-17 for rhinitis alone as a local disease; IL-33 and IL-5 for allergic and non-allergic multimorbidity as a systemic disease), (ii) allergen sensitisation patterns (mono- or pauci-sensitisation versus polysensitisation), (iii) severity of symptoms and (iv) treatment response. In conclusion, rhinitis alone (local disease) and rhinitis with asthma multimorbidity (systemic disease) should be considered as two distinct diseases, possibly modulated by the microbiome, and may be a model for understanding the epidemics of chronic and auto-immune diseases.
Bush A, Holguin F, Porsbjerg C, et al., 2023, Asthma: Closing in on the Biology of a Complex Life-course Disease., Am J Respir Crit Care Med, Vol: 207, Pages: 375-376
Cousins M, Hart K, Kotecha SJ, et al., 2023, Characterising airway obstructive, dysanaptic and PRISm phenotypes of prematurity-associated lung disease, THORAX, ISSN: 0040-6376
Bush A, 2023, Differing effects of mepolizumab across the life course., Lancet Respir Med, Vol: 11, Pages: 123-125
Di Cicco M, Ghezzi M, Kantar A, et al., 2023, Pediatric obesity and severe asthma: Targeting pathways driving inflammation, PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH, Vol: 188, ISSN: 1043-6618
Bush A, 2023, Too Little, Too Late: Adult Lung Disease Cannot Be Prevented by Interventions in Adult Life, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE, Vol: 207, Pages: 124-126, ISSN: 1073-449X
Kole TM, Vanden Berghe E, Kraft M, et al., 2023, Predictors and associations of the persistent airflow limitation phenotype in asthma: a post-hoc analysis of the ATLANTIS study., The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, Vol: 11, Pages: 55-64, ISSN: 2213-2600
BACKGROUND: Persistent airflow limitation (PAL) occurs in a subset of patients with asthma. Previous studies on PAL in asthma have included relatively small populations, mostly restricted to severe asthma, or have no included longitudinal data. The aim of this post-hoc analysis was to investigate the determinants, clinical implications, and outcome of PAL in patients with asthma who were included in the ATLANTIS study. METHODS: In this post-hoc analysis of the ATLANTIS study, we assessed the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and implications of PAL across the full range of asthma severity. The study population included patients aged 18-65 years who had been diagnosed with asthma at least 6 months before inclusion. We defined PAL as a post-bronchodilator FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) of less than the lower limit of normal at recruitment. Asthma severity was defined according to the Global Initiative for Asthma. We used Mann-Whitney U test, t test, or χ2 test to analyse differences in baseline characteristics between patients with and without PAL. Logistic regression was used for multivariable analysis of the associations between PAL and baseline data. Cox regression was used to analyse risk of exacerbation in relation to PAL, and a linear mixed-effects model was used to analyse change in FEV1 over time in patients with versus patients without PAL. Results were validated in the U-BIOPRED cohort. FINDINGS: Between June 30, 2014 and March 3, 2017, 773 patients were enrolled in the ATLANTIS study of whom 760 (98%) had post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC data available. Of the included patients with available data, mean age was 44 years (SD 13), 441 (58%) of 760 were women, 578 (76%) were never-smokers, and 248 (33%) had PAL. PAL was not only present in patients with severe asthma, but also in 21 (16%) of 133 patients with GINA step 1 and 24 (29%) of 83 patients with GINA step 2. PAL was independently associated with older age at baseline (46 years in PAL group vs 43
Pifferi M, Boner AL, Gracci S, et al., 2022, Longitudinal Nitric Oxide Levels and Infections by Ultrastructure and Genotype in Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia, CHEST, Vol: 162, Pages: 1265-1276, ISSN: 0012-3692
Papiris SAA, Kannengiesser C, Borie R, et al., 2022, Genetics in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Clinical Perspective, DIAGNOSTICS, Vol: 12
Carlens J, Johnson KT, Bush A, et al., 2022, Heterogenous Disease Course and Long-Term Outcome of Children's Interstitial Lung Disease Related to Filamin A Gene Variants., Ann Am Thorac Soc, Vol: 19, Pages: 2021-2030
Rationale: Variable disease course and outcomes have been reported in children's interstitial lung disease associated with FLNA (Filamin A gene) variants. Objectives: To further delineate long-term respiratory outcomes and identify potential contributing factors to severe disease course. Methods: We retrospectively collected longitudinal data from three centers on nine cases (one male) with FLNA variants and early respiratory disease onset (within the first 24 mo of life). Clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic data were analyzed, focusing on cardiorespiratory disease course. Results: All required early respiratory support (three invasive ventilation, three noninvasive ventilation, three supplemental oxygen), and all experienced frequent severe infective respiratory exacerbations. Three died in infancy from refractory respiratory failure and pulmonary hypertension (PH). The six surviving individuals were 3, 10, 11, 15, 18, and 33 years old at time of reporting. The extent of functional respiratory impairment decreased with age; at last follow-up, there were no individuals on home invasive ventilation, one on nocturnal noninvasive ventilation, four on oxygen, and one on no respiratory support. Spirometry consistently demonstrated moderate to severe obstructive defects (forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity [FVC] z-score, -3.76 to -1.77; percent predicted FVC, 31.5% to 92.1%). Seven required PH treatment in early childhood (7/9), and three of the survivors (3/6) still receive treatment. Radiologic and histopathologic findings were consistent among cases. Conclusions: Early mortality was common, but many survivors stabilized even after severe symptoms in infancy. All survivors had persistent obstructive defects on spirometry, and half have persistent or recurrent PH. These typical findings are suggestive of this rare diagnosis and should prompt consideration of genetic testing.
Thorsen J, Stokholm J, Rasmussen MA, et al., 2022, Asthma and Wheeze Severity and the Oropharyngeal Microbiota in Children and Adolescents., Ann Am Thorac Soc, Vol: 19, Pages: 2031-2043
Rationale: There is a major unmet need for improving the care of children and adolescents with severe asthma and wheeze. Identifying factors contributing to disease severity may lead to improved diagnostics, biomarkers, or therapies. The airway microbiota may be such a key factor. Objectives: To compare the oropharyngeal airway microbiota of children and adolescents with severe and mild/moderate asthma/wheeze. Methods: Oropharyngeal swab samples from school-age and preschool children in the European U-BIOPRED (Unbiased BIOmarkers in the PREDiction of respiratory disease outcomes) multicenter study of severe asthma, all receiving severity-appropriate treatment, were examined using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Bacterial taxa were defined as amplicon sequence variants. Results: We analyzed 241 samples from four cohorts: A) 86 school-age children with severe asthma; B) 39 school-age children with mild/moderate asthma; C) 65 preschool children with severe wheeze; and D) 51 preschool children with mild/moderate wheeze. The most common bacteria were Streptococcus (mean relative abundance, 33.5%), Veillonella (10.3%), Haemophilus (7.0%), Prevotella (5.9%), and Rothia (5.5%). Age group (school-age vs. preschool) was associated with the microbiota in β-diversity analysis (F = 3.32, P = 0.011) and in a differential abundance analysis (28 significant amplicon sequence variants). Among all children, we found no significant difference in the microbiota between children with severe and mild/moderate asthma/wheeze in univariable β-diversity analysis (F = 1.99, P = 0.08, N = 241), but a significant difference in a multivariable model (F = 2.66, P = 0.035), including the number of exacerbations in the previous year. Age was also significant when expressed as a microbial maturity score (Spearman Rho, 0.39; P = 4.6 × 10-10); however, t
Canny A, Donaghy E, Murray V, et al., 2022, Patient views on asthma diagnosis and how a clinical decision support system could help: A qualitative study, HEALTH EXPECTATIONS, ISSN: 1369-6513
Chang AB, Zacharasiewicz A, Goyal V, et al., 2022, European Respiratory Society statement for defining respiratory exacerbations in children and adolescents with bronchiectasis for clinical trials, EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL, Vol: 60, ISSN: 0903-1936
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Wells C, Wilkinson N, Makhecha S, et al., 2022, ACCEPTABILITY AND FEASIBILITY PILOT OF CODESIGNED TELEHEALTH PHYSIOTHERAPY INTERVENTIONS FOR CHILDREN WITH ASTHMA AND DYSFUNCTIONAL BREATHING, Publisher: BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP, Pages: A130-A130, ISSN: 0040-6376
Pavlou B, Scotney E, Makariou I, et al., 2022, ACCEPTABILITY AND FEASIBILITY OF MEASURING BLOOD EOSINOPHILS USING A POINT-OF-CARE DEVICE IN CHILDREN WITH ASTHMA, Publisher: BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP, Pages: A130-A131, ISSN: 0040-6376
Aurora P, Duncan JA, Lum S, et al., 2022, Early Pseudomonas aeruginosa predicts poorer pulmonary function in preschool children with cystic fibrosis, JOURNAL OF CYSTIC FIBROSIS, Vol: 21, Pages: 988-995, ISSN: 1569-1993
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Haider S, Fontanella S, Ullah A, et al., 2022, Evolution of eczema, wheeze and rhinitis from infancy to early adulthood: four birth cohort studies, American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Vol: 206, Pages: 950-960, ISSN: 1073-449X
BACKGROUND: The relationship between eczema, wheeze/asthma and rhinitis is complex, and epidemiology and mechanisms of their comorbidities is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate within-individual patterns of morbidity of eczema, wheeze and rhinitis from birth to adolescence/early adulthood. METHODS: We investigated onset/progression/resolution of eczema, wheeze and rhinitis using descriptive statistics, sequence mining and Latent Markov modelling (LMM) in four population-based birth cohorts. We used logistic regression to ascertain if early-life eczema or wheeze, or genetic factors (filaggrin mutations and 17q21 variants), increase the risk of multimorbidity. RESULTS: Single conditions, although the most prevalent, were observed significantly less frequently than by chance. There was considerable variation in the timing of onset/remission/persistence/intermittence. Multimorbidity of eczema+wheeze+rhinitis was rare, but significantly over-represented (3-6 times more often than by chance). Although infantile eczema was associated with subsequent multimorbidity, most children with eczema (75.4%) did not progress to any multimorbidity pattern. FLG mutations and rs7216389 were not associated with persistence of eczema/wheeze as single conditions, but both increased the risk of multimorbidity (FLG by 2-3-fold, rs7216389 risk variant by 1.4-1.7-fold). LMM revealed 5 latent states (No disease/low risk; Mainly eczema; Mainly Wheeze; Mainly rhinitis; Multimorbidity). The most likely transition to Multimorbidity was from Eczema state (0.21). However, although this was one of the highest transition probabilities, only 1/5 of those with eczema transitioned to multimorbidity. CONCLUSIONS: Atopic diseases fit a multimorbidity framework, with no evidence for sequential "atopic march" progression. The highest transition to multimorbidity was from eczema, but most children with eczema (>three quarters) had no comorbidities.
Khaleva E, Rattu A, Brightling C, et al., 2022, Development of Core Outcome Measures sets for paediatric and adult Severe Asthma (COMSA)., Eur Respir J
BACKGROUND: Effectiveness studies with biological therapies for asthma lack standardised outcome measures. The COMSA (Core Outcome Measures sets for paediatric and adult Severe Asthma) working group sought to develop Core Outcome Measures (COM) sets to facilitate better synthesis of data and appraisal of biologics in paediatric and adult asthma clinical studies. METHODS: COMSA utilised a multi-stakeholder consensus process among patients with severe asthma, adult, and paediatric clinicians, pharmaceutical representatives and health regulators from across Europe. Evidence included a systematic review of development, validity, and reliability of selected outcome measures plus a narrative review and a pan-European survey to better understand patients' and carers' views about outcome measures. It was discussed using a modified GRADE Evidence to Decision framework. Anonymous voting was conducted using predefined consensus criteria. RESULTS: Both adult and paediatric COM sets include forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) as z scores, annual frequency of severe exacerbations and maintenance oral corticosteroid use. Additionally, the paediatric COM set includes the Paediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire, and Asthma Control Test (ACT) or Childhood-ACT while the adult COM includes the Severe Asthma Questionnaire and the Asthma Control Questionnaire-6 (symptoms and rescue medication use reported separately). CONCLUSIONS: This patient-centred collaboration has produced two COM sets for paediatric and adult severe asthma. It is expected that they will inform the methodology of future clinical trials, enhance comparability of efficacy and effectiveness of biological therapies, and help assess their socioeconomic value. COMSA will inform definitions of non-response and response to biological therapy for severe asthma.
Nkereuwem E, Agbla S, Sallahdeen A, et al., 2022, Reduced lung function and health-related quality of life after treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis in Gambian children: a cross-sectional comparative study, THORAX, ISSN: 0040-6376
King JA, Desai A, Semple T, et al., 2022, Case-based discussion: neonates on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for undiagnosed recalcitrant pulmonary hypertension-management challenges, THORAX, Vol: 78, Pages: 107-109, ISSN: 0040-6376
Abdel-Aziz M, Thorsen J, Hashimoto S, et al., 2022, Identification of oropharyngeal microbiome-driven asthma and wheezing clusters in children, Publisher: EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOC JOURNALS LTD, ISSN: 0903-1936
Makariou I, Bush A, Saglani S, et al., 2022, Ethnic differences in daily FeNO response after systemic steroids in children with severe asthma, Publisher: EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOC JOURNALS LTD, ISSN: 0903-1936
Scotney E, Jayarathna R, Gupta L, et al., 2022, The role of cardiopulmonary exercise testing to evaluate exercise induced dyspnoea in asthmatic children, Publisher: EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOC JOURNALS LTD, ISSN: 0903-1936
King J, O'Callaghan M, Thiruchelvam T, et al., 2022, Lung biopsy in neonates needing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for undiagnosed recalcitrant pulmonary hypertension: survey of current practice, Publisher: EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOC JOURNALS LTD, ISSN: 0903-1936
Paraskakis E, Sarikloglou E, Fouzas S, et al., 2022, Improved prediction of asthma exacerbations by measuring distal airway inflammation, EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL, Vol: 60, ISSN: 0903-1936
Chang AB, Boyd J, Bush A, et al., 2022, Quality standards for managing children and adolescents with bronchiectasis: an international consensus, BREATHE, Vol: 18, ISSN: 1810-6838
Humbert M, Kovacs G, Hoeper MM, et al., 2022, 2022 ESC/ERS Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension Developed by the task force for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS). Endorsed by the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) and the European Reference Network on rare respiratory diseases (ERN-LUNG), European Heart Journal, Pages: 1-114, ISSN: 0195-668X
Stolting H, Baillon L, Frise R, et al., 2022, Distinct airway epithelial immune responses after infection with SARS-CoV-2 compared to H1N1, Mucosal Immunology, Vol: 15, Pages: 952-963, ISSN: 1933-0219
Children are less likely than adults to suffer severe symptoms when infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), while influenza A H1N1 severity is comparable across ages except for the very young or elderly. Airway epithelial cells play a vital role in the early defence against viruses via their barrier and immune functions. We investigated viral replication and immune responses in SARS-CoV-2-infected bronchial epithelial cells from healthy paediatric (n = 6; 2.5–5.6 years old) and adult (n = 4; 47–63 years old) subjects and compared cellular responses following infection with SARS-CoV-2 or Influenza A H1N1. While infection with either virus triggered robust transcriptional interferon responses, including induction of type I (IFNB1) and type III (IFNL1) interferons, markedly lower levels of interferons and inflammatory proteins (IL-6, IL-8) were released following SARS-CoV-2 compared to H1N1 infection. Only H1N1 infection caused disruption of the epithelial layer. Interestingly, H1N1 infection resulted in sustained upregulation of SARS-CoV-2 entry factors FURIN and NRP1. We did not find any differences in the epithelial response to SARS-CoV-2 infection between paediatric and adult cells. Overall, SARS-CoV-2 had diminished potential to replicate, affect morphology and evoke immune responses in bronchial epithelial cells compared to H1N1.
Bush A, Hilgendorff A, 2022, Editorial: Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Past, Current and Future Pathophysiologic Concepts and Their Contribution to Understanding Lung Disease, FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE, Vol: 9
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