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@article{Ade:2016:0004-6361/201525814,
author = {Ade, PAR and Aghanim, N and Arnaud, M and Ashdown, M and Aumont, J and Baccigalupi, C and Banday, AJ and Barreiro, RB and Bartolo, N and Battaner, E and Battye, R and Benabed, K and Benoit, A and Benoit-Levy, A and Bernard, J-P and Bersanelli, M and Bielewicz, P and Bock, JJ and Bonaldi, A and Bonavera, L and Bond, JR and Borrill, J and Bouchet, FR and Bucher, M and Burigana, C and Butler, RC and Calabrese, E and Cardoso, J-F and Catalano, A and Challinor, A and Chamballu, A and Chiang, HC and Christensen, PR and Church, S and Clements, DL and Colombi, S and Colombo, LPL and Combet, C and Couchot, F and Coulais, A and Crill, BP and Curto, A and Cuttaia, F and Danese, L and Davies, RD and Davis, RJ and de, Bernardis P and de, Rosa A and de, Zotti G and Delabrouille, J and Desert, F-X and Diego, JM and Dole, H and Donzelli, S and Dore, O and Douspis, M and Ducout, A and Dupac, X and Efstathiou, G and Elsner, F and Ensslin, TA and Eriksen, HK and Fergusson, J and Finelli, F and Forni, O a},
doi = {0004-6361/201525814},
journal = {ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS},
title = {Planck 2015 results XIV. Dark energy and modified gravity},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201525814},
volume = {594},
year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
AB  - We study the implications of Planck data for models of dark energy (DE) and modified gravity (MG) beyond the standard cosmological constant scenario. We start with cases where the DE only directly affects the background evolution, considering Taylor expansions of the equation of state w(a), as well as principal component analysis and parameterizations related to the potential of a minimally coupled DE scalar field. When estimating the density of DE at early times, we significantly improve present constraints and find that it has to be below ~2% (at 95% confidence) of the critical density, even when forced to play a role for z < 50 only. We then move to general parameterizations of the DE or MG perturbations that encompass both effective field theories and the phenomenology of gravitational potentials in MG models. Lastly, we test a range of specific models, such as k-essence, f(R) theories, and coupled DE. In addition to the latest Planck data, for our main analyses, we use background constraints from baryonic acoustic oscillations, type-Ia supernovae, and local measurements of the Hubble constant. We further show the impact of measurements of the cosmological perturbations, such as redshift-space distortions and weak gravitational lensing. These additional probes are important tools for testing MG models and for breaking degeneracies that are still present in the combination of Planck and background data sets. All results that include only background parameterizations (expansion of the equation of state, early DE, general potentials in minimally-coupled scalar fields or principal component analysis) are in agreement with ΛCDM. When testing models that also change perturbations (even when the background is fixed to ΛCDM), some tensions appear in a few scenarios: the maximum one found is ~2σ for Planck TT+lowP when parameterizing observables related to the gravitational potentials with a chosen time dependence; the tension increases to, at most
AU  - Ade,PAR
AU  - Aghanim,N
AU  - Arnaud,M
AU  - Ashdown,M
AU  - Aumont,J
AU  - Baccigalupi,C
AU  - Banday,AJ
AU  - Barreiro,RB
AU  - Bartolo,N
AU  - Battaner,E
AU  - Battye,R
AU  - Benabed,K
AU  - Benoit,A
AU  - Benoit-Levy,A
AU  - Bernard,J-P
AU  - Bersanelli,M
AU  - Bielewicz,P
AU  - Bock,JJ
AU  - Bonaldi,A
AU  - Bonavera,L
AU  - Bond,JR
AU  - Borrill,J
AU  - Bouchet,FR
AU  - Bucher,M
AU  - Burigana,C
AU  - Butler,RC
AU  - Calabrese,E
AU  - Cardoso,J-F
AU  - Catalano,A
AU  - Challinor,A
AU  - Chamballu,A
AU  - Chiang,HC
AU  - Christensen,PR
AU  - Church,S
AU  - Clements,DL
AU  - Colombi,S
AU  - Colombo,LPL
AU  - Combet,C
AU  - Couchot,F
AU  - Coulais,A
AU  - Crill,BP
AU  - Curto,A
AU  - Cuttaia,F
AU  - Danese,L
AU  - Davies,RD
AU  - Davis,RJ
AU  - de,Bernardis P
AU  - de,Rosa A
AU  - de,Zotti G
AU  - Delabrouille,J
AU  - Desert,F-X
AU  - Diego,JM
AU  - Dole,H
AU  - Donzelli,S
AU  - Dore,O
AU  - Douspis,M
AU  - Ducout,A
AU  - Dupac,X
AU  - Efstathiou,G
AU  - Elsner,F
AU  - Ensslin,TA
AU  - Eriksen,HK
AU  - Fergusson,J
AU  - Finelli,F
AU  - Forni,O
AU  - Frailis,M
AU  - Fraisse,AA
AU  - Franceschi,E
AU  - Frejsel,A
AU  - Galeotta,S
AU  - Galli,S
AU  - Ganga,K
AU  - Giard,M
AU  - Giraud-Heraud,Y
AU  - Gjerlow,E
AU  - Gonzalez-Nuevo,J
AU  - Gorski,KM
AU  - Gratton,S
AU  - Gregorio,A
AU  - Gruppuso,A
AU  - Gudmundsson,JE
AU  - Hansen,FK
AU  - Hanson,D
AU  - Harrison,DL
AU  - Heavens,A
AU  - Helou,G
AU  - Henrot-Versille,S
AU  - Hernandez-Monteagudo,C
AU  - Herranz,D
AU  - Hildebrandt,SR
AU  - Hivon,E
AU  - Hobson,M
AU  - Holmes,WA
AU  - Hornstrup,A
AU  - Hovest,W
AU  - Huang,Z
AU  - Huffenberger,KM
AU  - Hurier,G
AU  - Jaffe,AH
AU  - Jaffe,TR
AU  - Jones,WC
AU  - Juvela,M
AU  - Keihanen,E
AU  - Keskitalo,R
AU  - Kisner,TS
AU  - Knoche,J
AU  - Kunz,M
AU  - Kurki-Suonio,H
AU  - Lagache,G
AU  - Lahteenmaki,A
AU  - Lamarre,J-M
AU  - Lasenby,A
AU  - Lattanzi,M
AU  - Lawrence,CR
AU  - Leonardi,R
AU  - Lesgourgues,J
AU  - Levrier,F
AU  - Lewis,A
AU  - Liguori,M
AU  - Lilje,PB
AU  - Linden-Vornle,M
AU  - Lopez-Caniego,M
AU  - Lubin,PM
AU  - Ma,Y-Z
AU  - Macias-Perez,JF
AU  - Maggio,G
AU  - Maino,D
AU  - Mandolesi,N
AU  - Mangilli,A
AU  - Marchini,A
AU  - Maris,M
AU  - Martin,PG
AU  - Martinelli,M
AU  - Martinez-Gonzalez,E
AU  - Masi,S
AU  - Matarrese,S
AU  - McGehee,P
AU  - Meinhold,PR
AU  - Melchiorri,A
AU  - Mendes,L
AU  - Mennella,A
AU  - Migliaccio,M
AU  - Mitra,S
AU  - Miville-Deschenes,M-A
AU  - Moneti,A
AU  - Montier,L
AU  - Morgante,G
AU  - Mortlock,D
AU  - Moss,A
AU  - Munshi,D
AU  - Murphy,JA
AU  - Narimani,A
AU  - Naselsky,P
AU  - Nati,F
AU  - Natoli,P
AU  - Netterfield,CB
AU  - Norgaard-Nielsen,HU
AU  - Noviello,F
AU  - Novikov,D
AU  - Novikov,I
AU  - Oxborrow,CA
AU  - Paci,F
AU  - Pagano,L
AU  - Pajot,F
AU  - Paoletti,D
AU  - Pasian,F
AU  - Patanchon,G
AU  - Pearson,TJ
AU  - Perdereau,O
AU  - Pe
DO  - 0004-6361/201525814
PY  - 2016///
SN  - 1432-0746
TI  - Planck 2015 results XIV. Dark energy and modified gravity
T2  - ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201525814
UR  - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000385832200005&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=1ba7043ffcc86c417c072aa74d649202
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/48120
VL  - 594
ER  -

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