PROFESSOR AJIT LALVANI

Ewer K, Deeks J, Alvarez L, Bryant S, Waller S, Andersen P, Monk P, Lalvani Aet al., 2003, Comparison of T-cell-based assay with tuberculin skin test for diagnosis of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> infection in a school tuberculosis outbreak, LANCET, Vol: 361, Pages: 1168-1173, ISSN: 0140-6736

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• Citations: 483

Cockle PJ, Gordon SV, Lalvani A, Buddle BM, Hewinson RG, Vordermeier HMet al., 2002, Identification of novel <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> antigens with potential as diagnostic reagents or subunit vaccine candidates by comparative genomics, INFECTION AND IMMUNITY, Vol: 70, Pages: 6996-7003, ISSN: 0019-9567

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• Citations: 117

Chapman ALN, Munkanta M, Wilkinson KA, Pathan AA, Ewer K, Ayles H, Reece WH, Mwinga A, Godfrey-Faussett P, Lalvani Aet al., 2002, Rapid detection of active and latent tuberculosis infection in HIV-positive individuals by enumeration of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>-specific T cells, AIDS, Vol: 16, Pages: 2285-2293, ISSN: 0269-9370

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• Citations: 257

Lalvani A, 2002, CD8 cytotoxic T cells and the development of new tuberculosis vaccines, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE, Vol: 166, Pages: 789-790, ISSN: 1073-449X

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• Citations: 7

Lalvani A, 2002, Improving tuberculin skin testing in HIV-infected individuals, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE, Vol: 165, Pages: 1452-1452, ISSN: 1073-449X

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Pathan AA, Wilkinson KA, Klenerman P, McShane H, Davidson RN, Pasvol G, Hill AVS, Lalvani Aet al., 2001, Direct ex vivo analysis of antigen-specific IFN-γ-secreting CD4 T cells in <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>-infected individuals:: Associations with clinical disease state and effect of treatment, JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, Vol: 167, Pages: 5217-5225, ISSN: 0022-1767

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• Citations: 304

Lalvani A, Pathan AA, Durkan H, Wilkinson KA, Whelan A, Deeks JJ, Reece WHH, Latif M, Pasvol G, Hill AVSet al., 2001, Enhanced contact tracing and spatial tracking of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> infection by enumeration of antigen-specific T cells, LANCET, Vol: 357, Pages: 2017-2021, ISSN: 0140-6736

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• Citations: 316

Lalvani A, Pathan AA, McShane H, Wilkinson RJ, Latif M, Conlon CP, Pasvol G, Hill AVSet al., 2001, Rapid detection of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> infection by enumeration of antigen-specific T cells, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE, Vol: 163, Pages: 824-828, ISSN: 1073-449X

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• Citations: 373

Lalvani A, Nagvenkar P, Udwadia Z, Pathan AA, Wilkinson KA, Shastri JS, Ewer K, Hill AVS, Mehta A, Rodrigues Cet al., 2001, Enumeration of T cells specific for RD1-encoded antigens suggests a high prevalence of latent <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> infection in healthy urban Indians, JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, Vol: 183, Pages: 469-477, ISSN: 0022-1899

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• Citations: 299

Bauer TH, Lalvani A, Fehrenbach J, Steffen I, Aponte JJ, Segovia R, Vila J, Philippczik G, Steinbrückner B, Frei R, Bowler I, Kist Met al., 2001, Derivation and validation of guidelines for stool cultures for enteropathogenic bacteria other than <i>Clostridium difficile</i> in hospitalized adults, JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, Vol: 285, Pages: 313-319, ISSN: 0098-7484

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• Citations: 75

Pathan AA, Wilkinson KA, Wilkinson RJ, Latif M, McShane H, Pasvol G, Hill AVS, Lalvani Aet al., 2000, High frequencies of circulating IFN-γ-secreting CD8 cytotoxic T cells specific for a novel MHC class I-restricted Mycobacterium tuberculosis epitope in M. tuberculosis-infected subjects without disease, European Journal of Immunology, Vol: 30, Pages: 2713-2721, ISSN: 0014-2980

MHC class I-restricted CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are essential for protective immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in animal models but their role in humans remains unclear. We therefore studied subjects who had successfully contained M. tuberculosis infection in vivo, i.e. exposed healthy household contacts and individuals with inactive self-healed pulmonary tuberculosis. Using the ELISPOT assay for IFN-γ, we screened peptides from ESAT-6, a secreted antigen that is highly specific for M. tuberculosis. We identified a novel nonamer epitope: unstimulated peripheral blood-derived CD8 T cells displayed peptide-specific IFN-γ release ex vivo while CD8 T cell lines and clones exhibited HLA-A68.02-restricted cytolytic activity and recognized endogenously processed antigen. The frequency of CD8 CTL specific for this single M. tuberculosis epitope, 1/2500 peripheral blood lymphocytes, was equivalent to the combined frequency of all IFN-γ-secreting purified protein derivative-reactive T cells ex vivo. This highly focused CTL response was maintained in an asymptomatic contact over 2 years and is the most potent antigen-specific anti-mycobacterial CD8 CTL response hitherto described. Thus, human M. tuberculosis-specific CD8 CTL are not necessarily associated with active disease per se. Rather, our results are consistent with a protective role for these ESAT-6-specific CD8 T cells in the long-term control of M. tuberculosis in vivo in humans.

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• Citations: 87

Pathan AA, Wilkinson KA, Wilkinson RJ, Latif M, McShane H, Pasvol G, Hill AVS, Lalvani Aet al., 2000, High frequencies of circulating IFN-γ-secreting CD8 cytotoxic T cells specific for a novel MHC class I-restricted <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> epitope in <i>M-tuberculosis</i>-infected subjects without disease, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, Vol: 30, Pages: 2713-2721, ISSN: 0014-2980

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• Citations: 81

Wilkinson RJ, Llewelyn M, Toossi Z, Patel P, Pasvol G, Lalvani A, Wright D, Latif M, Davidson RNet al., 2000, Influence of vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D receptor polymorphisms on tuberculosis among Gujarati Asians in west London: a case-control study, LANCET, Vol: 355, Pages: 618-621, ISSN: 0140-6736

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• Citations: 588

Aidoo M, Lalvani A, Gilbert SC, Hu JT, Daubersies P, Hurt N, Whittle HC, Druihle P, Hill AVSet al., 2000, Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes for HLA-B53 and other HLA types in the malaria vaccine candidate liver-stage antigen 3, INFECTION AND IMMUNITY, Vol: 68, Pages: 227-232, ISSN: 0019-9567

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• Citations: 44

Lalvani A, Moris P, Voss G, Pathan AA, Kester KE, Brookes R, Lee E, Koutsoukos M, Plebanski M, Delchambre M, Flanagan KL, Carton C, Slaoui M, Van Hoecke C, Ballou WR, Hill AVS, Cohen Jet al., 1999, Potent induction of focused Th1-type cellular and humoral immune responses by RTS,S/SBAS2, a recombinant <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> malaria vaccine, JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, Vol: 180, Pages: 1656-1664, ISSN: 0022-1899

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• Citations: 138

Cooke GS, Lalvani A, Gleeson FV, Conlon CPet al., 1999, Acute pulmonary schistosomiasis in travelers returning from Lake Malawi, sub-Saharan Africa, CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES, Vol: 29, Pages: 836-839, ISSN: 1058-4838

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• Citations: 39

Wilkinson RJ, Zhu X, Wilkinson KA, Lalvani A, Ivanyi J, Pasvol G, Vordermeier HMet al., 1998, 38 000 MW antigen-specific major histocompatibility complex class I restricted interferon-γ-secreting CD8<SUP>+</SUP> T cells in healthy contacts of tuberculosis, IMMUNOLOGY, Vol: 95, Pages: 585-590, ISSN: 0019-2805

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• Citations: 25

Lalvani A, Hill AVS, 1998, Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes against malaria and tuberculosis: from natural immunity to vaccine design, CLINICAL SCIENCE, Vol: 95, Pages: 531-538, ISSN: 0143-5221

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• Citations: 23

Ockenhouse CF, Sun PF, Lanar DE, Wellde BT, Hall BT, Kester K, Stoute JA, Magill A, Krzych U, Farley L, Wirtz RA, Sadoff JC, Kaslow DC, Kumar S, Church LWP, Crutcher JM, Wizel B, Hoffman S, Lalvani A, Hill AVS, Tine JA, Guito KP, de Taisne C, Anders R, Horii T, Paoletti E, Ballou WRet al., 1998, Phase I/IIa safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy trial of NYVAC-Pf7, a pox-vectored, multiantigen, multistage vaccine candidate for <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> malaria, JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, Vol: 177, Pages: 1664-1673, ISSN: 0022-1899

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• Citations: 195

Lalvani T, Brookes R, Wilkinson RJ, Malin AS, Pathan AA, Andersen P, Dockrell H, Pasvol G, Hill AVSet al., 1998, Human cytolytic and interferon γ-secreting CD8<SUP>+</SUP> T lymphocytes specific for <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Vol: 95, Pages: 270-275, ISSN: 0027-8424

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• Citations: 311

Lalvani A, Brookes R, Wilkinson RJ, Malin AS, Pathan AA, Andersen P, Dockrell H, Pasvol G, Hill AVet al., 1998, Human cytolytic and interferon gamma-secreting CD8+ T lymphocytes specific for Mycobacterium tuberculosis., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, Vol: 95, Pages: 270-275, ISSN: 0027-8424

Protective immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis is poorly understood, but mounting evidence, at least in animal models, implicates major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted CD8+ T cells as an essential component. By using a highly sensitive assay for single cell interferon gamma release, we screened an array of M. tuberculosis antigen-derived peptides congruent with HLA class I allele-specific motifs. We identified CD8+ T cells specific for epitopes in the early secretory antigenic target 6 during active tuberculosis, after clinical recovery and in healthy contacts. Unrestimulated cells exhibited peptide-specific interferon gamma secretion, whereas lines or clones recognized endogenously processed antigen and showed cytolytic activity. These results provide direct evidence for the involvement of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes in host defense against M. tuberculosis in humans and support current attempts to generate protective cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses against M. tuberculosis by vaccination.

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Lalvani A, Dong T, Ogg G, Pathan AA, Newell H, Hill AVS, McMichael AJ, Rowland-Jones Set al., 1997, Optimization of a peptide-based protocol employing IL-7 for in vitro restimulation of human cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors, JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS, Vol: 210, Pages: 65-77, ISSN: 0022-1759

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• Citations: 67

Lalvani A, Brookes R, Hambleton S, Britton WJ, Hill AVS, McMichael AJet al., 1997, Rapid effector function in CD8(+) memory T cells, JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE, Vol: 186, Pages: 859-865, ISSN: 0022-1007

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• Citations: 553

FAUX JA, MOFFATT MF, LALVANI A, DEKKER J, WARRELL DA, COOKSON WOCet al., 1997, Sensitivity to bee and wasp venoms: association with specific IgE responses to the bee and wasp venom and HLA DRB1 and DPB1, Clinical &lt;html_ent glyph="@amp;" ascii="&amp;amp;"/&gt; Experimental Allergy, Vol: 27, Pages: 578-583, ISSN: 0954-7894

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Aidoo M, Lalvani A, Whittle HC, Hill AVS, Robson KJHet al., 1997, Recombinant vaccinia viruses for the characterization of Plasmodium falciparum-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes: Recognition of processed antigen despite limited re-stimulation efficacy, INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY, Vol: 9, Pages: 731-737, ISSN: 0953-8178

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• Citations: 11

Faux JA, Moffatt MF, Lalvani A, Dekker J, Warrell DA, Cookson WOCet al., 1997, Sensitivity to bee and wasp venoms: Association with specific IgE responses to the bee and wasp venom and HLA DRB1 and DPB1, CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY, Vol: 27, Pages: 578-583, ISSN: 0954-7894

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• Citations: 13

Lalvani A, Shastri JS, 1996, HIV epidemic in India: Opportunity to learn from the past, LANCET, Vol: 347, Pages: 1349-1350, ISSN: 0140-6736

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• Citations: 28

Lalvani A, Hurt N, Aidoo M, Kibatala P, Tanner M, Hill AVSet al., 1996, Cytotoxic T lymphocytes to Plasmodium falciparum epitopes in an area of intense and perennial transmission in Tanzania, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, Vol: 26, Pages: 773-779, ISSN: 0014-2980

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• Citations: 47

Newton P, Lalvani A, Conlon CP, 1996, Psittacosis associated with bilateral 4th cranial nerve palsies, JOURNAL OF INFECTION, Vol: 32, Pages: 63-65, ISSN: 0163-4453

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• Citations: 4

AIDOO M, LALVANI A, ALLSOPP CEM, PLEBANSKI M, MEISNER SJ, KRAUSA P, BROWNING M, MORRISJONES S, GOTCH F, FIDOCK DA, TAKIGUCHI M, ROBSON KJH, GREENWOOD BM, DRUILHE P, WHITTLE HC, HILL AVSet al., 1995, IDENTIFICATION OF CONSERVED ANTIGENIC COMPONENTS FOR A CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTE-INDUCING VACCINE AGAINST MALARIA, LANCET, Vol: 345, Pages: 1003-1007, ISSN: 0140-6736

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• Citations: 135