Publications
276 results found
Lalvani A, Connell DW, 2012, Dissecting the immunological, antimicrobial and clinical effects of vitamin D therapy in tuberculosis, PATHOGENS AND GLOBAL HEALTH, Vol: 106, Pages: 378-379, ISSN: 2047-7724
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- Citations: 7
Dhasmana D, Bradley C, Connell D, et al., 2012, Improved and immediate diagnostics in mediastinal sarcoid lymphadenopathy via endobronchial ultrasound and quadruple testing, European Respiratory Society Meeting
Pareek M, Baussano I, Abubakar I, et al., 2012, Evaluation of Immigrant Tuberculosis Screening in Industrialized Countries, EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES, Vol: 18, Pages: 1422-1429, ISSN: 1080-6040
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- Citations: 60
Lalvani A, Pareek M, 2012, Immigrant screening for TB: a missed opportunity to improve TB control in the United Kingdom, PATHOGENS AND GLOBAL HEALTH, Vol: 106, Pages: 5-7, ISSN: 2047-7724
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- Citations: 11
Thillai M, Potiphar L, Eberhardt C, et al., 2012, Obstructive lung function in sarcoidosis may be missed, especially in older white patients, EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL, Vol: 39, Pages: 775-777, ISSN: 0903-1936
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- Citations: 12
Aranday-Cortes E, Hogarth PJ, Kaveh DA, et al., 2012, Transcriptional Profiling of Disease-Induced Host Responses in Bovine Tuberculosis and the Identification of Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers, PLOS ONE, Vol: 7, ISSN: 1932-6203
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- Citations: 47
Singanayagam A, Sridhar S, Dhariwal J, et al., 2012, A comparison between two strategies for monitoring hepatic function during antituberculous therapy, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, Vol: 185, Pages: 653-659, ISSN: 1535-4970
RATIONALE: The optimum strategy for monitoring liver function during antituberculous therapy is unclear. OBJECTIVES: To assess the value of the American Thoracic Society risk-factor approach for predicting drug-induced liver injury and to compare with a uniform policy of liver function testing in all patients at 2 weeks. METHODS: We conducted an observational study of adult patients undergoing therapy for active tuberculosis at a tertiary center. All patients had alanine transferase measurement at baseline and 2 weeks following commencement of therapy. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were used to assess strategies. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: There were 288 patients included, and 21 (7.3%) developed drug-induced liver injury (57.1% "early" at 2 wk and 42.9% "late," after 2 wk). There were increased rates of individuals with HIV infection in the early drug-induced liver injury group compared with no drug-induced liver injury and late drug-induced liver injury groups (33% vs. 7.1% vs. 0%; P = 0.004). The American Thoracic Society algorithm had a sensitivity and specificity of 66.7 and 65.6%, respectively, for prediction of early and 22.2% and 63.7% for late drug-induced liver injury. The uniform monitoring policy had poor sensitivity but better specificity (22.2 and 82.1%) for prediction of late drug-induced liver injury. CONCLUSIONS: In our urban, ethnically diverse population, a risk-factor approach is neither sensitive nor specific for prediction of drug-induced liver injury. A uniform policy of liver function testing at 2 weeks is useful for prompt identification of a subgroup who develop early drug-induced liver injury and may offer better specificity in ruling out late drug-induced liver injury.
Pollock KM, Tam H, Grass L, et al., 2012, Comparison of screening strategies to improve the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection in the HIV-positive population: a cohort study, BMJ Open, Vol: 2, ISSN: 2044-6055
Background HIV is the most important risk factor for progression of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) to active tuberculosis (TB). Detection and treatment of LTBI is necessary to reduce the increasing burden of TB in the UK, but a unified LTBI screening approach has not been adopted.Objective To compare the effectiveness of a TB risk-focused approach to LTBI screening in the HIV-positive population against current UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidance.Design Prospective cohort study.Setting Two urban HIV treatment centres in London, UK.Participants 114 HIV-infected individuals with defined TB risk factors were enrolled prospectively as part of ongoing studies into HIV and TB co-infection.Outcome measures The yield and case detection rate of LTBI cases within the research study were compared with those generated by the NICE criteria.Results 17/114 (14.9%, 95% CI 8.3 to 21.5) had evidence of LTBI. Limiting screening to those meeting NICE criteria for the general population (n=43) would have detected just over half of these, 9/43 (20.9%, 95% CI 8.3 to 33.5) and those meeting criteria for HIV co-infection (n=74) would only have captured 8/74(10.8%, 95% CI 3.6 to 18.1) cases. The case detection rates from the study and NICE approaches were not significantly different. LTBI was associated with the presence of multiple TB risk factors (p=0.002).Conclusion Adoption of a TB risk-focused screening algorithm that does not use CD4 count stratification could prevent more cases of TB reactivation, without changing the case detection rate. These findings should be used to inform a large-scale study to create unified guidelines.
Pareek M, Evans J, Innes J, et al., 2012, Ethnicity and mycobacterial lineage as determinants of tuberculosis disease phenotype, Thorax, ISSN: 1468-3296
BACKGROUND: Emerging evidence suggests that Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) lineage and host ethnicity can determine tuberculosis (TB) clinical disease patterns but their relative importance and interaction are unknown. METHODS: We evaluated prospectively collected TB surveillance and Mtb strain typing data in an ethnically heterogeneous UK population. Lineage assignment was denoted using 15-loci mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units containing variable numbers of tandem repeats (MIRU-VNTR) and MIRU-VNTRplus. Geographical and ethnic associations of the six global Mtb lineages were identified and the influence of lineage and demographic factors on clinical phenotype were assessed using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Data were available for 1070 individuals with active TB which was pulmonary only, extrapulmonary only and concurrent pulmonary-extrapulmonary in 52.1%, 36.9% and 11.0% respectively. The most prevalent lineages were Euro-American (43.7%), East African Indian (30.2%), Indo-Oceanic (13.6%) and East Asian (12.2%) and were geo-ethnically restricted with, for example, Indian subcontinent ethnicity inversely associated with Euro-American lineage (OR 0.23; 95% CI 0.14 to 0.39) and positively associated with the East African-Indian lineage (OR 4.04; 95% CI 2.19 to 7.45). Disease phenotype was most strongly associated with ethnicity (OR for extrathoracic disease 21.14 (95% CI 6.08 to 73.48) for Indian subcontinent and 14.05 (3.97 to 49.65) for Afro-Caribbean), after adjusting for lineage. With East Asian lineage as the reference category, the Euro-American (OR 0.54; 95% CI 0.32 to 0.91) and East-African Indian (OR 0.50; 95% CI 0.29 to 0.86) lineages were negatively associated with extrathoracic disease, compared with pulmonary disease, after adjusting for ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS: Ethnicity is a powerful determinant of clinical TB phenotype independently of mycobacterial lineage and the role of ethnicity-associated factors in pathogenesis warrants
Thillai M, Eberhardt C, Lewin AM, et al., 2012, Sarcoidosis and tuberculosis cytokine profiles: indistinguishable in bronchoalveolar lavage but different in blood, PLoS One, Vol: 7, ISSN: 1932-6203
BACKGROUND: The clinical, radiological and pathological similarities between sarcoidosis and tuberculosis can make disease differentiation challenging. A complicating factor is that some cases of sarcoidosis may be initiated by mycobacteria. We hypothesised that immunological profiling might provide insight into a possible relationship between the diseases or allow us to distinguish between them. METHODS: We analysed bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid in sarcoidosis (n = 18), tuberculosis (n = 12) and healthy volunteers (n = 16). We further investigated serum samples in the same groups; sarcoidosis (n = 40), tuberculosis (n = 15) and healthy volunteers (n = 40). A cross-sectional analysis of multiple cytokine profiles was performed and data used to discriminate between samples. RESULTS: We found that BAL profiles were indistinguishable between both diseases and significantly different from healthy volunteers. In sera, tuberculosis patients had significantly lower levels of the Th2 cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4) than those with sarcoidosis (p = 0.004). Additional serum differences allowed us to create a linear regression model for disease differentiation (within-sample accuracy 91%, cross-validation accuracy 73%). CONCLUSIONS: These data warrant replication in independent cohorts to further develop and validate a serum cytokine signature that may be able to distinguish sarcoidosis from tuberculosis. Systemic Th2 cytokine differences between sarcoidosis and tuberculosis may also underly different disease outcomes to similar respiratory stimuli.
Lalvani A, Behr MA, Sridhar S, 2012, Innate immunity to TB: a druggable balancing act, Cell, Vol: 148, Pages: 389-391, ISSN: 1097-4172
Tobin and colleagues show that both inhibition and excessive production of the inflammatory mediator TNFalpha impact the pathogenesis of tuberculosis (TB) and the response to therapy. Identifying a critical role for the genetically determined balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory eicosanoids in regulating TNFalpha levels provides a roadmap to tailored TB treatment based on host genotype.
Sridhar S, Begom S, Bermingham A, et al., 2012, Predominance of heterosubtypic IFN-gamma-only-secreting effector memory T cells in pandemic H1N1 naive adults, Pages: 2913-2924, ISSN: 1521-4141
The 2009/10 pandemic (pH1N1) highlighted the need for vaccines conferring heterosubtypic immunity against antigenically shifted influenza strains. Although cross-reactive T cells are strong candidates for mediating heterosubtypic immunity, little is known about the population-level prevalence, frequency, and cytokine-secretion profile of heterosubtypic T cells to pH1N1. To assess this, pH1N1 sero-negative adults were recruited. Single-cell IFN-gamma and IL-2 cytokine-secretion profiles to internal proteins of pH1N1 or live virus were enumerated and characterised. Heterosubtypic T cells recognising pH1N1 core proteins were widely prevalent, being detected in 90% (30 of 33) of pH1N1-naive individuals. Although the last exposure to influenza was greater than 6 months ago, the frequency and proportion of the IFN-gamma-only-secreting T-cell subset was significantly higher than the IL-2-only-secreting subset. CD8(+) IFN-gamma-only-secreting heterosubtypic T cells were predominantly CCR7(-) CD45RA(-) effector-memory phenotype, expressing the tissue-homing receptor CXCR3 and degranulation marker CD107. Receipt of the 2008-09 influenza vaccine did not alter the frequency of these heterosubtypic T cells, highlighting the inability of current vaccines to maintain this heterosubtypic T-cell pool. The surprisingly high prevalence of pre-existing circulating pH1N1-specific CD8(+) IFN-gamma-only-secreting effector memory T cells with cytotoxic and lung-homing potential in pH1N1-seronegative adults may partly explain the low case fatality rate despite high rates of infection of the pandemic in young adults.
Dosanjh DPS, Bakir M, Millington KA, et al., 2011, Novel <i>M tuberculosis</i> Antigen-Specific T-Cells Are Early Markers of Infection and Disease Progression, PLOS ONE, Vol: 6, ISSN: 1932-6203
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- Citations: 19
Asgheddi M, Connell DW, Nooredinvand HA, et al., 2011, THE PREVALENCE OF VIRAL HEPATITIS IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ANTI-TUBERCULOUS THERAPY, Winter Meeting of the British-Thoracic-Society, Publisher: B M J PUBLISHING GROUP, Pages: A93-A94, ISSN: 0040-6376
Hingley-Wilson S, Connell D, Pollock K, et al., 2011, Fractalkine production mediates virulence-associated monocyte recruitment and <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> infection, Annual Congress of the British-Society-for-Immunology, Publisher: WILEY-BLACKWELL, Pages: 167-167, ISSN: 0019-2805
Pollock KM, Montamat-Sicotte D, Cooke G, et al., 2011, POLYFUNCTIONAL T CELLS REVEAL THE SPECTRUM OF TUBERCULOSIS IN HIV CO-INFECTION THROUGH THE IDENTIFICATION OF IMMUNOLOGICAL CORRELATES OF LATENT AND ACTIVE DISEASE, Winter Meeting of the British-Thoracic-Society, Publisher: B M J PUBLISHING GROUP, Pages: A22-A23, ISSN: 0040-6376
Dhasmana DJ, Bradley CJ, George P, et al., 2011, GENEXPERT MTB.RIF ASSAY IMPROVES THE DIAGNOSTIC YIELD OF EBUS-TBNA IN SMEAR-NEGATIVE INTRA-THORACIC TUBERCULOUS LYMPHADENOPATHY, Winter Meeting of the British-Thoracic-Society, Publisher: B M J PUBLISHING GROUP, Pages: A75-A75, ISSN: 0040-6376
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- Citations: 2
Almond MH, O'Donoghue M, Drey N, et al., 2011, INTERFERON-GAMMA RELEASE ASSAY (IGRA) CONVERSION, REVERSION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF LATENT TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION USING A MULTIMODALITY APPROACH: A RETROSPECTIVE, OBSERVATIONAL STUDY WITHIN A CENTRAL LONDON TB CENTRE, Winter Meeting of the British-Thoracic-Society, Publisher: B M J PUBLISHING GROUP, Pages: A72-A72, ISSN: 0040-6376
Pareek M, Bond M, Shorey J, et al., 2011, COMMUNITY-BASED EVALUATION OF IMMIGRANT TB SCREENING USING INTERFERON GAMMA RELEASE ASSAYS AND TUBERCULIN SKIN TESTING: YIELDS AND COST-EFFECTIVENESS, Winter Meeting of the British-Thoracic-Society, Publisher: B M J PUBLISHING GROUP, Pages: A20-A20, ISSN: 0040-6376
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- Citations: 1
Kasprowicz VO, Churchyard G, Lawn SD, et al., 2011, Diagnosing Latent Tuberculosis in High-Risk Individuals: Rising to the Challenge in High-Burden Areas, JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, Vol: 204, Pages: S1168-S1178, ISSN: 0022-1899
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- Citations: 32
Pareek M, Abubakar I, White PJ, et al., 2011, UK immigrant screening is inversely related to regional tuberculosis burden, THORAX, Vol: 66, Pages: 1010-1010, ISSN: 0040-6376
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- Citations: 6
Navani N, Molyneaux PL, Breen RA, et al., 2011, Utility of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in patients with tuberculous intrathoracic lymphadenopathy: a multicentre study, THORAX, Vol: 66, Pages: 889-893, ISSN: 0040-6376
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- Citations: 150
Kasprowicz VO, Mitchell JE, Chetty S, et al., 2011, A Molecular Assay for Sensitive Detection of Pathogen-Specific T-Cells, PLOS ONE, Vol: 6, ISSN: 1932-6203
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- Citations: 27
Bwalya AG, Stapleton P, Phiri P, et al., 2011, Screening of Zambian <i>Ficus</i> species for antibacterial and antimycobacterial activity, 59th International Congress and Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Medicinal-Plant-and-Natural-Product-Research, Publisher: GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG, Pages: 1383-1383, ISSN: 0032-0943
Gideon HP, Flynn JL, 2011, Latent tuberculosis: what the host "sees"?, IMMUNOLOGIC RESEARCH, Vol: 50, Pages: 202-212, ISSN: 0257-277X
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- Citations: 130
Pareek M, Watson JP, Ormerod LP, et al., 2011, Screening of immigrants in the UK for imported latent tuberculosis: a multicentre cohort study and cost-effectiveness analysis, LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES, Vol: 11, Pages: 435-444, ISSN: 1473-3099
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- Citations: 159
Montamat-Sicotte DJ, Millington KA, Willcox CR, et al., 2011, A mycolic acid-specific CD1-restricted T cell population contributes to acute and memory immune responses in human tuberculosis infection, JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION, Vol: 121, Pages: 2493-2503, ISSN: 0021-9738
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- Citations: 76
Suzgec-Selcuk S, Mericli AH, Guven KC, et al., 2011, Evaluation of Turkish Seaweeds for Antiprotozoal, Antimycobacterial and Cytotoxic Activities, PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, Vol: 25, Pages: 778-783, ISSN: 0951-418X
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- Citations: 27
Pareek M, Abubakar I, White PJ, et al., 2011, Tuberculosis screening of migrants to low-burden nations: insights from evaluation of UK practice, EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL, Vol: 37, Pages: 1175-1182, ISSN: 0903-1936
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- Citations: 41
Broniatowska B, Allmendinger A, Kaiser M, et al., 2011, Antiprotozoal, Antitubercular and Cytotoxic Potential of Cyanobacterial (Blue-Green Algal) Extracts from Ireland, NATURAL PRODUCT COMMUNICATIONS, Vol: 6, Pages: 689-694, ISSN: 1934-578X
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- Citations: 8
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