Publications
412 results found
BROOKES PR, LIVINGSTON AG, 1994, DETOXIFICATION OF POINT-SOURCE INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATERS USING AN EXTRACTIVE MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR-MEMBRANE MASS-TRANSFER, 2nd International Symposium on Environmental Biotechnology (ISEB 2), Publisher: INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS, Pages: 98-100
GIKAS P, LIVINGSTON AG, 1994, DETERMINATION OF BIOMASS VIABILITY BASED ON ATP AND OXYGEN-UPTAKE MEASUREMENTS, 2nd International Symposium on Environmental Biotechnology (ISEB 2), Publisher: INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS, Pages: 95-97
STEFANIS SK, PAVASANT P, LIVINGSTON AG, et al., 1994, TOWARDS A FORMAL SYSTEMS APPROACH FOR WASTE MINIMIZATION, 1994 IChemE Research Event Symposium, Publisher: INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS, Pages: 428-430
GIKAS P, LIVINGSTON AG, 1993, USE OF ATP TO CHARACTERIZE BIOMASS VIABILITY IN FREELY SUSPENDED AND IMMOBILIZED CELL BIOREACTORS, BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING, Vol: 42, Pages: 1337-1351, ISSN: 0006-3592
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- Citations: 45
Gikas P, Livingston AG, 1993, Use of ATP to characterize biomass viability in freely suspended and immobilized cell bioreactors., Biotechnol Bioeng, Vol: 42, Pages: 1337-1351, ISSN: 0006-3592
This work describes investigations into the viability of cells growing on 3,4-dichloroaniline (34DCA). Two bioreactors are employed for microbial growth, a continuous stirred tank (CST) bioreactor with a 2-L working volume, and a three-phase air lift (TPAL) bioreactor with a 3-L working volume. Experiments have been performed at several dilution rates between 0.027 and 0.115 h(-1) in the CST bioreactor and between 0.111 and 0.500 h(-1) in the TPAL bioreactor. The specific ATP concentration was calculated at each dilution rate in the suspended biomass in both bioreactors as well as in the immobilized biomass in the TPAL bioreactor. The ATP was extracted from the cells using boiling tris-EDTA buffer (pH 7.75), and the quantity determined using a firefly (bioluminescence) technique. The cultures were inspected under an electron microscope to monitor compositional changes. Results from the CST bioreactor showed that the biomass-specific ATP concentration increases from 0.44 to 1.86 mg ATP g(-1) dry weight (dw) as dilution rate increases from 0.027 to 0.115 h(-1). At this upper dilution rate the cells were washed out. The specific ATP concentration reached a limiting average value of 1.73 mg ATP g(-1) dw, which is assumed to be the quantity of ATP in 100% viable biomass. In the TPAL bioreactor, the ATP level increased with dilution rate in both the immobilized and suspended biomass. The specific ATP concentration in the immobilized biomass increased from approximately 0.051 mg ATP g(-1) dw at dilution rates between 0.111 and 0.200 h(-1) to approximately 0.119 mg ATP g(-1) dw at dilution rates between 0.300 and 0.500 h(-1). This indicates that the immobilized biomass contained a viable cell fraction of around 5%. Based on these results, kinetic data for freely suspended cells should not be applied to the modeling of immobilized cell systems on the assumption that immobilized biomass is 100% viable.
DOSSANTOS LMF, LIVINGSTON AG, 1993, A NOVEL BIOREACTOR SYSTEM FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS, APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY, Vol: 40, Pages: 151-157, ISSN: 0175-7598
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- Citations: 21
BROOKES PR, LIVINGSTON AG, 1993, POINT-SOURCE DETOXIFICATION OF AN INDUSTRIALLY PRODUCED 3,4-DICHLOROANILINE-MANUFACTURE WASTE-WATER USING A MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR, APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY, Vol: 39, Pages: 764-771, ISSN: 0175-7598
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- Citations: 21
LIVINGSTON AG, ZHANG SF, 1993, HYDRODYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF 3-PHASE (GAS-LIQUID SOLID) AIRLIFT REACTORS, CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE, Vol: 48, Pages: 1641-1654, ISSN: 0009-2509
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- Citations: 78
DOSSANTOS LMF, LIVINGSTON AG, 1993, NOVEL BIOREACTORS FOR DESTRUCTION OF VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS, SYMP ON DISTILLATION, Publisher: INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS, Pages: 324-326, ISSN: 0263-8762
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- Citations: 8
LIVINGSTON AG, 1993, A NOVEL MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR FOR DETOXIFYING INDUSTRIAL WASTE-WATER .2. BIODEGRADATION OF 3-CHLORONITROBENZENE IN AN INDUSTRIALLY PRODUCED WASTE-WATER, BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING, Vol: 41, Pages: 927-936, ISSN: 0006-3592
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- Citations: 67
Livingston AG, 1993, A novel membrane bioreactor for detoxifying industrial wastewater: II. Biodegradation of 3-chloronitrobenzene in an industrially produced wastewater., Biotechnol Bioeng, Vol: 41, Pages: 927-936, ISSN: 0006-3592
A novel membrane bioreactor has been used for the treatment of an industrially produced wastewater arising in the manufacture of 3-chloronitrobenzene. This wastewater is not amenable to direct biological treatment without some form pretreatment or dilution, due to the inorganic composition (pH <1, salt concentration 4% w/w) of the wastewater. In the membrane bioreactor, the organic pollutants are first separated from the wastewater by selective membrane permeation, and then biodegraded in the biological growth compartment of the bioreactor. At a wastewater flow rate of 64 mL h(-1) (corresponding to a contact time of approximately 1.7 hours) over 99% of the 3-chloronitrobenzene and over 99% of the nitrobenzene in the wastewater were degraded. Degradation of 3-chloronitrobenzene was accompanied by evolution of chloride ions in a stoichiometric ratio. Both 3-chloronitrobenzene and nitrobenzene degradation were accompanied by the evolution of carbon dioxide; approximately 80% of the carbon entering the system was oxidized to CO(2) carbon. Analysis of mass transport across the membrane revealed that 3-chloronitrobenzene and nitrobenzene are transported more rapidly than phenol. This is explained in terms of a resistances-in-series model, which shows phenol transfer to be rate limited by the membrane diffusion step, whereas the chloronitrobenzene and nitrobenzene transfer are rate limited by the liquid film mass transfer.
Livingston AG, 1993, A novel membrane bioreactor for detoxifying industrial wastewater: I. Biodegradation of phenol in a synthetically concocted wastewater., Biotechnol Bioeng, Vol: 41, Pages: 915-926, ISSN: 0006-3592
A novel process has been used to biodegrade phenol present in an acidic (1 M HCI) and salty (5% w/w NaCl) synthetically bioreactor, in which the phenol present in the wastewater is separated from the inorganic components by means of a silicone rubber membrane. Transfer of the phenol from the wastewater and into a biological growth medium allows biodegradation to proceed under controlled conditions which are unaffected by the hostile inorganic composition of the wastewater. At a wastewater flow rate of 18 mL h(-1) (contact time 6 h), 98.5% of the phenol present in the wastewater at an inlet concentration of 1000 mg ((-1)) was degraded; at a contact time of 1.9 h, 65% of the phenol was degraded. Phenol degradation was accompanied by growth of a biofilm on the membrane tubes and by conversion of approximately 80% of the carbon entering the system to CO(2) carbon. Analysis of the transport of phenol across the membrane revealed that the major resistance to mass transfer arose in the diffusion of phenol across the silicone rubber membrane. A mathematical model was used to describe the transfer of phenol across the membrane and the subsequent diffusion and reaction of phenol in the biofilm attached to the membrane tube. This analysis showed that (a) the attached biofilm significantly lowers the mass transfer driving force for phenol across the membrane, and (b) oxygen concentration limits the phenol degradation rate in the biofilm. These conclusions from the model are consistent with the experimental results.
LIVINGSTON AG, 1993, A NOVEL MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR FOR DETOXIFYING INDUSTRIAL WASTE-WATER .1. BIODEGRADATION OF PHENOL IN A SYNTHETICALLY CONCOCTED WASTE-WATER, BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING, Vol: 41, Pages: 915-926, ISSN: 0006-3592
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- Citations: 105
LIVINGSTON AG, NOBLE JB, 1993, MASS-TRANSFER IN LIQUID SOLID FLUIDIZED-BEDS OF ION-EXCHANGE RESINS AT LOW REYNOLDS-NUMBERS, CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE, Vol: 48, Pages: 1174-1178, ISSN: 0009-2509
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- Citations: 12
LIVINGSTON AG, BROOKES PR, DOSSANTOS LMF, 1993, REMOVAL AND DESTRUCTION OF PRIORITY POLLUTANTS FROM CHEMICAL-INDUSTRY WASTEWATERS USING AN INNOVATIVE MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR, SYMP ON EFFLUENT TREATMENT AND WASTE MANAGEMENT, Publisher: INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS, Pages: 131-146
LIVINGSTON AG, 1991, BIODEGRADATION OF 3,4-DICHLOROANILINE IN A FLUIDIZED-BED BIOREACTOR AND A STEADY-STATE BIOFILM KINETIC-MODEL, BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING, Vol: 38, Pages: 260-272, ISSN: 0006-3592
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- Citations: 68
LIVINGSTON AG, WILLACY A, 1991, DEGRADATION OF 3,4-DICHLOROANILINE IN SYNTHETIC AND INDUSTRIALLY PRODUCED WASTEWATERS BY MIXED CULTURES FREELY SUSPENDED AND IMMOBILIZED IN A PACKED-BED REACTOR, APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY, Vol: 35, Pages: 551-557, ISSN: 0175-7598
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- Citations: 29
LIVINGSTON AG, CHASE HA, 1991, DEVELOPMENT OF A PHENOL DEGRADING FLUIDIZED-BED BIOREACTOR FOR CONSTANT BIOMASS HOLDUP, CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL AND THE BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL, Vol: 45, Pages: B35-B47, ISSN: 0923-0467
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- Citations: 32
Livingston AG, Chase HA, 1991, Development of a phenol degrading fluidized bed bioreactor for constant biomass holdup, The Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol: 45, ISSN: 0300-9467
Phenol degrading biofilms were grown on Celite diatomaceous earth particles in three-phase fluidized beds. Investigations were undertaken to establish. © 1991.
LIVINGSTON AG, CHASE HA, 1990, LIQUID SOLID MASS-TRANSFER IN A 3-PHASE DRAFT TUBE FLUIDIZED-BED REACTOR, CHEMICAL ENGINEERING COMMUNICATIONS, Vol: 92, Pages: 225-244, ISSN: 0098-6445
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- Citations: 11
LIVINGSTON AG, CHASE HA, 1989, MODELING PHENOL DEGRADATION IN A FLUIDIZED-BED BIOREACTOR, AICHE JOURNAL, Vol: 35, Pages: 1980-1992, ISSN: 0001-1541
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- Citations: 113
LIVINGSTON AG, CHASE HA, 1989, PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ADSORBENTS FOR USE IN HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID AFFINITY-CHROMATOGRAPHY, JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY, Vol: 481, Pages: 159-174, ISSN: 0021-9673
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- Citations: 23
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