Publications
177 results found
Ali BS, Schuster W, Ochieng W, et al., 2015, Analysis of anomalies in ADS-B and its GPS data, GPS Solutions, Vol: 20, Pages: 429-438, ISSN: 1080-5370
Traditionally, the surveillance component of the air traffic management system has been based on radar, which consists of two separate systems: primary radar and secondary radar, which both enable the measurement of the aircraft range and bearing to the radar station. Primary radar is based on signals emitted by a ground station simply being reflected off an object and detected by a ground-based receiver. Secondary radar also emits signals, but relies upon a transponder onboard the aircraft to emit a signal itself, modulated among others by a four-digit aircraft identity (Mode A), aircraft altitude (Mode C) and/or 24-bit unique address (Mode S). Typical accuracies of secondary radar are of the order of 0.03 NM in range and 0.07° in azimuth. However, no position integrity report is provided. Air traffic density is expected to significantly increase in the future. In order to maintain or enhance air travel efficiency, while maintaining safety, more accurate surveillance systems, with the required integrity, will be required. Automatic dependent surveillance–broadcast (ADS-B) is a new aviation surveillance system, envisioned to overcome the limitations of radar and to enhance surveillance performance and thereby increase airspace capacity. However, its high dependence on external systems such as onboard navigation and communication systems also increases the number of potential points of failure. It is important to understand and mitigate these failure modes before the system can reliably be implemented. The present study emerged as an exploratory research as part of a safety assessment framework development for the ADS-B system. It reviews the ADS-B failure modes, data collection and analysis of ADS-B and its corresponding onboard GPS data. The study identifies a set of failures common to certain aircraft models, with consistent error patterns. A key failure mode was found to be associated with the navigation data from the onboard GPS. We discuss the identif
Sidiropoulos S, Majumdar A, 2015, A framework for the classification and prioritization of arrival and departure routes in Multi-Airport Systems Terminal Manoeuvring Areas
Typically major cities (London, New York, Tokyo) are served by several airports effectively creating a Multi-Airport System or Metroplex. The operations of the Metroplex airports are highly dependent on one another, which renders their efficient management difficult. The resulting inefficiencies have a negative impact on the airlines' operations. This paper proposes a framework for the prioritization of arrival and departure routes in Multi-Airport Systems Terminal Manoeuvring Areas with the aim of improving the overall system performance and its efficiency to accommodate the individual airspace users' needs. The framework consists of three components. The first component presents a new procedure for clustering arrival and departure flights into dynamic routes based on their temporal and spatial distributions through the identification of the important traffic flow patterns throughout the day of operations. The second component is a novel Analytic Hierarchy Process model for the prioritization of the dynamic routes, accounting for a set of quantitative and qualitative characteristics important for Multi-Airport Systems operations. The third component is a priority-based model for the facility location of the optimal terminal waypoints (fixes), which accounts for the derived priorities of each dynamic route, while meeting the required separation distances. The proposed Analytic Hierarchy Process model characteristics are validated by subject matter experts. The developed framework is applied to the London Metroplex case study.
Majumdar A, Banerjee S, 2015, Different Secured Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks and its Vulnerabilities: A Review, 2015 International Conference and Workshop on Computing and Communication (IEMCON), Publisher: IEEE
Majumdar A, Sarkar D, 2015, Various types of Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Network with Vulnerabilities: A Review, 2015 International Conference and Workshop on Computing and Communication (IEMCON), Publisher: IEEE
Banerjee S, Majumdar A, Saha HN, et al., 2015, Modified Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) Based Routing Protocol for MANET, 2015 International Conference and Workshop on Computing and Communication (IEMCON), Publisher: IEEE
Kyriakidis M, Pak KT, Majumdar A, 2015, Railway Accidents Caused by Human Error: Historic Analysis of UK Railways, 1945 to 2012, TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD, Pages: 126-136, ISSN: 0361-1981
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- Citations: 16
Sidiropoulos S, Majumdar A, Ochieng W, et al., 2014, Levels of organisation in Multi-Airport System, Transportation Research Board 94th Annual Meeting
Nonose K, Majumdar A, Kanno T, et al., 2014, A behavioural observation method to assess team situation awareness of air traffic control teams, Pages: 456-459
High reliability teams in complex and dynamics settings. such as air traffic control (ATC) teams, require high levels of shared awareness and understanding between team members concerning the task for safe and efficient operations. Although much research has been devoted to the measurement of situation awareness of individuals in high risk environments, the operationalization of team situational awareness (TSA) has remained fuzzy and the development of techniques to measure TSA has received little attention. This study describes the first results of a TSA measurement based on mutual belief. The new TSA method is a qualitative as well as a quantitative method, which relies on qualitative data obtained through behavioral observation by Subject Matter Experts and allows quantitative TSA ratings based on the collected data. This paper describes the method and initial efforts to establish reliability and validity in an ATC environment and discusses the next steps for further development.
Subotic B, Schuster W, Majumdar A, et al., 2014, Controller recovery from equipment failures in air traffic control: a framework for the quantitative assessment of the recovery context, Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Vol: 132, Pages: 60-71, ISSN: 0951-8320
Air Traffic Control (ATC) involves a complex interaction of human operators (primarily air traffic controllers), equipment and procedures. On the rare occasions when equipment malfunctions, controllers play a crucial role in the recovery process of the ATC system for continued safe operation. Research on human performance in other safety critical industries using human reliability assessment techniques has shown that the context in which recovery from failures takes place has a significant influence on the outcome of the process. This paper investigates the importance of context in which air traffic controller recovery from equipment failures takes place, defining it in terms of 20 Recovery Influencing Factors (RIFs). The RIFs are used to develop a novel approach for the quantitative assessment of the recovery context based on a metric referred to as the Recovery Context Indicator (RCI). The method is validated by a series of simulation exercises conducted at a specific ATC Centre. The proposed method is useful to assess recovery enhancement approaches within ATC centres.
Ali BS, Ochieng W, Majumdar A, et al., 2014, ADS-B System Failure Modes and Models, JOURNAL OF NAVIGATION, Vol: 67, Pages: 995-1017, ISSN: 0373-4633
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- Citations: 14
Li H, Graham DJ, Majumdar A, 2014, Effects of changes in road network characteristics on road casualties: An application of full Bayes models using panel data, Safety Science, Vol: 72, Pages: 283-292, ISSN: 0925-7535
In order to ensure a high level of road safety, road network planning needs to be based on the best knowledge available of the effects of road design on road safety. In this study, we look into how changes in road network characteristics affect road casualties. An approach based on traffic assignment is proposed in order to estimate the traffic exposure at ward level. We apply a widely used approach for before–after evaluation studies, the Bayesian method. We also use a panel semi-parametric model to estimate the dose–response function for continuous treatment variables. The result suggests that there are more casualties in areas with better connectivity and accessibility, where more attention should be paid to safety countermeasures.
Nascimento F, Majumdar A, Ochieng W, et al., 2014, Initial Evidence-based Analysis of Risk Levels per Phases of Flight, Recency Requirements and Visual Approach Design in Nighttime Offshore Helicopter Operations, 40th European Rotorcraft Forum 2014
Tobaruela G, Fransen P, Schuster W, et al., 2014, Air traffic predictability framework - Development, performance evaluation and application, JOURNAL OF AIR TRANSPORT MANAGEMENT, Vol: 39, Pages: 48-58, ISSN: 0969-6997
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- Citations: 9
Tobaruela G, Schuster W, Majumdar A, et al., 2014, A method to estimate air traffic controller mental workload based on traffic clearances, JOURNAL OF AIR TRANSPORT MANAGEMENT, Vol: 39, Pages: 59-71, ISSN: 0969-6997
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- Citations: 24
Koudis G, North R, Majumdar A, et al., 2014, Method for the improvement of aircraft take-off trajectory simulation using variability analysis, 6th International Conference on Research in Air Transport
Ali BS, Schuster W, Ochieng W, et al., 2014, Framework for ADS-B Performance Assessment: the London TMA Case Study, NAVIGATION-JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION, Vol: 61, Pages: 39-52, ISSN: 0028-1522
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- Citations: 5
Joshi S, Majumdar A, Malhotra A, 2014, Enhancing Customer Experience using Business Intelligence Tools with Specific Emphasis on the Indian DTH Industry, Symbiosis-Institute-of-Management-Studies Annual Research Conference (SIMSARC) on Shaping the Future of Business and Society, Publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, Pages: 289-305, ISSN: 2212-5671
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- Citations: 4
Li H, Graham DJ, Majumdar A, 2013, The impacts of speed cameras on road accidents: An application of propensity score matching methods, ACCIDENT ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION, Vol: 60, Pages: 148-157, ISSN: 0001-4575
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- Citations: 61
Nascimento FAC, Majumdar A, Ochieng WY, 2013, Helicopter accident analysis, The Journal of Navigation, Vol: 67, Pages: 145-161
Tobaruela G, Majumdar A, Ochieng WY, et al., 2013, Enhancing Cost-Efficiency and Reducing Capacity Shortages: Strategic Planning and Dynamic Shift Management, Tenth USA/Europe Air Traffic Management Research and Development Seminar
This paper analyses the relationship between capacity and cost-efficiency at an en-route Air Traffic Control Centre level. It develops a set of cost-efficiency metrics to describe the centre planning process, and compares these results to cost- efficiency values. In order to understand the effect of the new tools and procedures implemented at the centre on its cost- efficiency, statistical analysis of the operational data before and after implementation is undertaken. The results show that the introduction of a dynamic shift management enabled by staff planning automation tools, along with a flexible roster and an appropriate planning process can simultaneously enhance capacity and cost-efficiency. These improvements are mapped to the SESAR Operational Improvements, to assess the feasibility of the programme to achieve its capacity and cost-efficiency improvement targets. A set of recommendations is developed.
Syd Ali B, Majumdar A, Ochieng W, et al., 2013, ADS-B: The Case for London Terminal Manoeuvring Area (LTMA), ATM Seminar 2013
Nascimento FAC, Majumdar A, Ochieng WY, 2013, A 15-year multivariate analysis of worldwide offshore helicopter accidents, AHS 69th Annual Forum and Technology Display, Publisher: AHS
Panagiotakopoulos D, Majumdar A, Ochieng WY, 2013, Extreme Value Theory based Integrity Monitoring of Global Navigation Satellite Systems, GPS Solutions, ISSN: 1080-5370
Measurements consistency based Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) is the main technique for monitoring the integrity of Global Satellite Navigation Systems (GNSS) at the user level. Existing RAIM algorithms utilize two tests, in the position domain, for RAIM availability and measurement domain, for failure detection. These tests involve the computation of three parameters: test statistic, decision threshold and protection level. The test statistic is based on the actual measurements in the form of the Sum of the Squared Errors (SSE). The decision threshold is chosen on the basis of the statistical characteristics of the SSE including the assumption that the errors are normally distributed. However, in practice residual error distributions exhibit heavier tails than predicted by the Gaussian model. Therefore, this paper challenges the normality assumption of the residual navigation errors in three ways. Firstly, it uses real data to assess its impact on the traditional RAIM algorithm. Secondly, it applies Extreme Value Theory (EVT) to the tails and derives the Generalised Extreme Value (GEV) distribution to capture residual navigation errors. Thirdly, it compares the performance of the traditional RAIM approach with that employing the GEV distribution. The results demonstrate that the GEV distribution has an important role to play in integrity monitoring and therefore, should be considered in the development of future integrity algorithms.
Nascimento FAC, Majumdar A, Ochieng WY, 2013, Investigating the truth of Heinrich's pyramid in offshore helicopter transportation, Transportation Research Board 92nd Annual Meeting, Publisher: TRB
Smith P, Kyriakidis M, Majumdar A, et al., 2013, Impact of European Railway Traffic Management System on Human Performance in Railway Operations European Findings, TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD, Pages: 83-92, ISSN: 0361-1981
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- Citations: 12
Wilke S, Majumdar A, Ochieng W, 2013, The impact of airport characteristics on airport surface accidents and incidents, Submitted for review
Ali BS, Schuster W, Ochieng W, et al., 2013, A Study of ADS-B Data Evaluation and Related Problems, International Technical Meeting of the Institute-of-Navigation, Publisher: INST NAVIGATION, Pages: 444-455, ISSN: 2330-3646
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- Citations: 1
Smith P, Majumdar A, Ochieng WY, 2012, An overview of lessons learnt from ERTMS implementation in European railways, Journal of Rail Transport Planning and Management, Vol: 2, Pages: 79-87, ISSN: 2210-9706
The European Union's aspiration for railway systems that are interoperable across Europe is driven by the need to service a market that is open within and across industrial sectors and national boundaries. This in turn requires that the technologies and operational procedures that underpin the railway systems facilitate not only interoperability but also enhancement of safety, capacity and efficiency. The European Railway Traffic Management System (ERTMS) is designed to enable interoperability through use of one unique signalling system as opposed to conventional signalling systems. However, the introduction of ERTMS must be undertaken to facilitate the European wide ambition to reduce risk on the railways.This paper addresses the issues relevant to the safe introduction of ERTMS into European railway systems, with a focus on the technical and procedural challenges of moving from conventional signalling to a new traffic management system. Existing literature, augmented with a targeted survey of subject matter experts, is used for a critical appraisal of safety considerations across Europe. Differences and variations across networks and countries are identified, and used to determine the significant issues that need to be addressed to enable the safe introduction of ERTMS. Finally, generic observations are made on the factors that impact safety and human factors as a result of the introduction of new technologies and procedures into existing railway environments. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
Li H, Graham DJ, Majumdar A, 2012, The effects of congestion charging on road traffic casualties: A causal analysis using difference-in-difference estimation, ACCIDENT ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION, Vol: 49, Pages: 366-377, ISSN: 0001-4575
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- Citations: 68
Nascimento FAC, Majumdar A, Ochieng WY, 2012, Incident reporting in offshore helicopter transportation, 38th European Rotorcraft Forum 2012
This paper builds on the lessons from accident investigations to analyse helicopter incidents in the British Mandatory Occurrence Reporting (MOR) scheme. From the results of the analysis, the paper highlights potentially severe shortcomings in a number of critical areas, and informs stakeholders in industry of specific initiatives to ensure that the right lessons are learned from past occurrences and how these could be used to inform future interventions.
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