Publications
11 results found
NCD Risk Factor Collaboration NCD-RisC, 2024, Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults., Lancet, Vol: 403, Pages: 1027-1050
BACKGROUND: Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. METHODS: We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5-19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For school-aged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). FINDINGS: From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (
Ezzati M, Mishra A, Zhou B, et al., 2023, Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development, Nature, Vol: 615, Pages: 874-883, ISSN: 0028-0836
Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1,2,3,4,5,6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.
Wang Z, Fix MJ, Hug L, et al., 2022, ESTIMATING THE STILLBIRTH RATE FOR 195 COUNTRIES USING A BAYESIAN SPARSE REGRESSION MODEL WITH TEMPORAL SMOOTHING, ANNALS OF APPLIED STATISTICS, Vol: 16, Pages: 2101-2121, ISSN: 1932-6157
Mishra A, McClelland RL, Inoue LYT, et al., 2022, Recalibration Methods for Improved Clinical Utility of Risk Scores, MEDICAL DECISION MAKING, Vol: 42, Pages: 500-512, ISSN: 0272-989X
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- Citations: 1
Hug L, You D, Blencowe H, et al., 2022, Global, Regional, and National Estimates and Trends in Stillbirths From 2000 to 2019: A Systematic Assessment, OBSTETRICAL & GYNECOLOGICAL SURVEY, Vol: 77, Pages: 83-85, ISSN: 0029-7828
Hug L, You D, Blencowe H, et al., 2021, Global, regional, and national estimates and trends in stillbirths from 2000 to 2019: a systematic assessment, LANCET, Vol: 398, Pages: 772-785, ISSN: 0140-6736
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- Citations: 111
Mishra A, Buzkova P, Balkus JE, et al., 2020, Accounting for Informative Sampling in Estimation of Associations between Sexually Transmitted Infections and Hormonal Contraceptive Methods., Stat Commun Infect Dis, Vol: 12, ISSN: 2194-6310
The relationship between hormonal contraceptive method use and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is not well understood. Studies that implement routine screening for STIs among different contraceptive users, such as the ASPIRE HIV-1 prevention trial, can be useful for identifying potential risk factors of STIs. However, the complex nature of non-random data can lead to challenges in estimation of associations for potential risk factors. In particular, if screening for the disease is not random (i.e. it is driven by symptoms or other clinical indicators), estimates of association can suffer from bias, often referred to as informative sampling bias. Time-varying predictors and potential stratification variables can further contribute to difficulty in obtaining unbiased estimates. In this paper, we estimate the association between time-varying contraceptive use and STI acquisition, in the presence of informative sampling, by extending the work Buzkova (2010). We use a two-step procedure to jointly model the non-random screening process and sexually transmitted infection risk. In the first step, inverse intensity rate ratios (IIRR) weights are estimated. In the second step, a weighted proportional rate model is fit to estimate the IIRR weighted hazard ratio. We apply the method to evaluate the relationship between hormonal contraception and risk of sexually transmitted infections among women participating in a biomedical HIV-1 prevention trial. We compare our results using the proposed weighted method to those generated using conventional approaches that do not account for potential informative sampling bias or do not use the full potential of the data. Using the IIRR weighted approach we found DMPA users have a significantly decreased hazard of T. vaginalis acquisition compared to IUD users (HR: 0.44, 95% CI: (0.25, 0.83)), which is consistent with the literature. We did not find significant increased or decreased hazard of other STIs for hormonal contraceptive us
Kiweewa FM, Brown E, Mishra A, et al., 2019, Acquisition of Sexually Transmitted Infections among Women Using a Variety of Contraceptive Options: A prospective Study among High-Risk African Women, Journal of the International AIDS Society, ISSN: 1758-2652
Akello CA, Bunge KE, Nakabiito C, et al., 2017, Contraceptive Use and Pregnancy Incidence Among Women Participating in an HIV Prevention Trial, Journal of Women's Health, Vol: 26, Pages: 670-676, ISSN: 1540-9996
Balkus JE, Nair G, Montgomery ET, et al., 2015, Age-Disparate Partnerships and Risk of HIV-1 Acquisition Among South African Women Participating in the VOICE Trial, JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, Vol: 70, Pages: 212-217, ISSN: 1525-4135
Hug L, You D, Blencowe H, et al., Global, Regional, and National Levels and Trends in Stillbirths from 2000 to 2019: A Systematic Assessment, SSRN Electronic Journal
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