Publications
124 results found
NIEUWENHUIJSEN MJ, LOWSON D, VENABLES KM, et al., 1995, CORRELATION BETWEEN DIFFERENT MEASURES OF EXPOSURE IN A COHORT OF BAKERY WORKERS AND FLOUR MILLERS, ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE, Vol: 39, Pages: 291-298, ISSN: 0003-4878
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- Citations: 16
NIEUWENHUIJSEN MJ, LOWSON D, VENABLES KM, et al., 1995, FLOUR DUST EXPOSURE VARIABILITY IN FLOUR MILLS AND BAKERIES, ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE, Vol: 39, Pages: 299-305, ISSN: 0003-4878
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- Citations: 28
Sandiford CP, Tee RD, Newman-Taylor AJ, 1995, Identification of crossreacting wheat, rye, barley and soya flour allergens using sera from individuals with wheat-induced asthma., Clin Exp Allergy, Vol: 25, Pages: 340-349, ISSN: 0954-7894
We have conducted radio allergosorbent test (RAST), competitive RAST inhibition, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blotting using sera from patients with wheat-induced asthma to investigate the immunological relationship between wheat, rye, barley and soya, and to identify common proteins between these flours. RAST showed strong associations between the levels of specific IgE to wheat flour and those of rye and barley flour. Competitive RAST inhibition showed that wheat, rye, barley and soya flours contained crossreacting proteins, in decreasing concentrations. Wheat, rye and barley flours had similar protein profiles on gel electrophoresis. Soya flour contained a number of high molecular weight proteins not present in the other cereals. Western blotting using sera from 21 wheat flour hypersensitive individuals identified a large number of allergens in the different flours. Proteins of 69, 33, 26, 21 and 12 kDa were identified as major wheat flour allergens. Rye flour proteins of 21 and 12 kDa, and barley flour proteins of 69, 52 and 10 kDa were the major allergens identified by serum from wheat hypersensitive individuals. The major common protein of soya and wheat flour had a molecular weight of 21 kDa. The majority of crossreacting allergens identified between the different flours have molecular weights similar to those of known flour enzymes or enzyme inhibitors.
NIEUWENHUIJSEN MJ, SANDIFORD CP, LOWSON D, et al., 1995, PEAK EXPOSURE CONCENTRATIONS OF DUST AND FLOUR AEROALLERGEN IN FLOUR MILLS AND BAKERIES, ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE, Vol: 39, Pages: 193-201, ISSN: 0003-4878
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- Citations: 37
HAYES JP, KUO HP, ROHDE JAL, et al., 1995, NEUROGENIC GOBLET CELL SECRETION AND BRONCHOCONSTRICTION IN GUINEA-PIGS SENSITIZED TO TRIMELLITIC ANHYDRIDE, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY-ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY SECTION, Vol: 292, Pages: 127-134, ISSN: 0926-6917
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- Citations: 5
SANDIFORD CP, NIEUWENHUIJSEN MJ, TEE RD, et al., 1994, DETERMINATION OF THE SIZE OF AIRBORNE FLOUR PARTICLES, ALLERGY, Vol: 49, Pages: 891-893, ISSN: 0105-4538
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- Citations: 17
GORDON S, TEE RD, NIEUWENHUIJSEN MJ, et al., 1994, MEASUREMENT OF AIRBORNE RAT URINARY ALLERGEN IN AN EPIDEMIOLOGIC-STUDY, CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY, Vol: 24, Pages: 1070-1077, ISSN: 0954-7894
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- Citations: 33
NIEUWENHUIJSEN M, GORDON S, TEE RD, et al., 1994, EXPOSURE TO DUST AND RAT URINARY AEROALLERGENS IN RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENTS, OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE, Vol: 51, Pages: 593-596, ISSN: 1351-0711
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- Citations: 28
CULLINAN P, LOWSON D, NIEUWENHUIJSEN MJ, et al., 1994, WORK-RELATED SYMPTOMS, SENSITIZATION, AND ESTIMATED EXPOSURE IN WORKERS NOT PREVIOUSLY EXPOSED TO FLOUR, OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE, Vol: 51, Pages: 579-583, ISSN: 1351-0711
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- Citations: 119
NIEUWENHUIJSEN MJ, SANDIFORD CP, LOWSON D, et al., 1994, DUST AND FLOUR AEROALLERGEN EXPOSURE IN FLOUR MILLS AND BAKERIES, OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE, Vol: 51, Pages: 584-588, ISSN: 1351-0711
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- Citations: 49
CULLINAN P, LOWSON D, NIEUWENHUIJSEN MJ, et al., 1994, WORK-RELATED SYMPTOMS, SENSITIZATION, AND ESTIMATED EXPOSURE IN WORKERS NOT PREVIOUSLY EXPOSED TO LABORATORY RATS, OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE, Vol: 51, Pages: 589-592, ISSN: 1351-0711
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- Citations: 109
Chambers RC, McAnulty RJ, Shock A, et al., 1994, Cadmium selectively inhibits fibroblast procollagen production and proliferation., Am J Physiol, Vol: 267, Pages: L300-L308, ISSN: 0002-9513
Chronic inhalation of cadmium fumes has been associated with the development of emphysema, a disease characterized by extensive disruption of lung connective tissue. Cadmium is also an important contaminant of tobacco and may play a role in cigarette smoking-related emphysema. In this paper we investigated the effect of nontoxic doses of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) on fibroblast procollagen production and proliferation, key features of connective tissue repair following injury. CdCl2 inhibited fibroblast procollagen production in a dose-dependent manner in two different cell lines. For fetal rat fibroblasts, maximal effects were observed at 10 microM CdCl2, with values reduced by 82 +/- 6% (mean +/- SE, n = 6, P < 0.01) relative to control cells. In contrast, noncollagen protein synthesis by these cells was enhanced in the presence of CdCl2. In human fetal lung fibroblasts (HFL1), maximal inhibition of procollagen production (83 +/- 2%, P < 0.01) was observed at 40 microM CdCl2, whereas noncollagen protein synthesis was unaffected. In both cell lines the inhibition of procollagen production was shown to be due to decreased procollagen synthesis and an increase in the proportion of newly synthesized procollagen degraded. Cadmium also affected fibroblast proliferation in response to 2% serum, with values for fetal rat cells depressed by 17 +/- 4, 72 +/- 2, and 86 +/- 4% (all P < 0.01) compared with controls at 1, 5, and 10 microM CdCl2, respectively. These data show that cadmium selectively inhibits fibroblast procollagen production and also attenuates their mitogenic response to serum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
MOYA C, ANTO JM, TAYLOR AJN, et al., 1994, OUTBREAK OF ORGANIZING PNEUMONIA IN TEXTILE PRINTING SPRAYERS, LANCET, Vol: 344, Pages: 498-502, ISSN: 0140-6736
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- Citations: 53
WELLS AU, CULLINAN P, HANSELL DM, et al., 1994, FIBROSING ALVEOLITIS ASSOCIATED WITH SYSTEMIC-SCLEROSIS HAS A BETTER PROGNOSIS THAN LONE CRYPTOGENIC FIBROSING ALVEOLITIS, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE, Vol: 149, Pages: 1583-1590, ISSN: 1073-449X
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- Citations: 215
Agius RM, Davison AG, Hawkins ER, et al., 1994, Occupational asthma in salbutamol process workers., Occup Environ Med, Vol: 51, Pages: 397-399, ISSN: 1351-0711
Occupational asthma after exposure to salbutamol in the pharmaceutical industry has not been previously reported. The occurrence of occupational asthma is described in two pharmaceutical process workers who were likely to have inhaled doses appreciably in excess of the therapeutic dose range. The findings do not lead to an unequivocal conclusion on the mechanism of the asthma but it was probably a pharmacological consequence of high exposure.
Harrison NK, Wilkinson J, O'Donohue J, et al., 1994, Osteochondroma of the rib: an unusual cause of haemothorax., Thorax, Vol: 49, Pages: 618-619, ISSN: 0040-6376
The case is described of a 36 year old woman who presented with a large left sided haemothorax. A thoracic computed tomographic (CT) scan suggested there was a bony outgrowth arising from the fourth rib. This was resected surgically and found to be an osteochondroma which was surrounded by blood clot. No definite site of bleeding was identified, but it is thought that the tumour may have traumatised the lung, the pericardiacophrenic artery, or the superior pulmonary vein, resulting in life threatening haemorrhage.
Guthrie CJ, Chettle DR, Franklin DM, et al., 1994, The use of multiple parameters to characterize cadmium-induced renal dysfunction resulting from occupational exposure., Environ Res, Vol: 65, Pages: 22-41, ISSN: 0013-9351
Renal function has been examined in a group of 77 subjects occupationally exposed to cadmium fume and dust, together with a referent group of 103 age- and socioeconomically matched subjects. Fourteen biochemical parameters were measured on each subject. Three different ways of combining the information from all 14 tests were used to identify those subjects with renal dysfunction. These were first to count the number of parameters in which a subject recorded an abnormal test result. Second, the z value was computed for each parameter for each person by comparison with the mean and standard deviation of a derived normal population; these z scores were then summed. Lastly a multivariate distance measure, Mahalanobis D2, was determined for each subject from the distribution of normal subjects. The three approaches showed a considerable degree of agreement in identifying subjects with renal dysfunction, but they also displayed complementary strengths and weaknesses. The consensus of the three techniques was then taken to define truly dysfunctional subjects and each of the 14 parameters, and some combinations of pairs of parameters were tested as to their sensitivity and specificity. For this group of subjects, it was not possible to improve greatly on the use of retinol binding protein on its own. Were a second parameter to be chosen, it would be desirable to choose one reflecting the glomerular filtration rate, but the absence of a suitable sensitive biological monitoring parameter precludes a firm recommendation.
Halpin DM, Graneek BJ, Turner-Warwick M, et al., 1994, Extrinsic allergic alveolitis and asthma in a sawmill worker: case report and review of the literature., Occup Environ Med, Vol: 51, Pages: 160-164, ISSN: 1351-0711
A 34 year old sawmill maintenance engineer developed a dry cough that was associated with widespread wheezes and crackles in his lungs. His symptoms worsened, with work related lethargy, fever, and breathlessness, and the loss of a stone in weight. At that time, while still at work, he had a neutrophil leucocytosis and increased concentration of gamma globulins. When seen subsequently some two months after stopping work, his chest radiograph and lung function tests were normal, but the cells recovered at bronchoalveolar lavage showed an increase in lymphocytes and mast cells, a pattern consistent with extrinsic allergic alveolitis. Serum precipitins were identified to extracts of sawdust, wood chips, and bark from the sawmill, and to eight species of mould grown from these samples. Specific IgG binding inhibition studies suggested that a common epitope present on Trichoderma koningii might be responsible for the cross reactivity of the patient's serum with the wood and fungal extracts. A diagnosis of wood associated extrinsic allergic alveolitis was made and since changing his job the patient has remained well. Wood associated allergic alveolitis has not previously been described in British sawmill workers, but has been reported in Sweden, with a prevalence of 5%-10% in exposed workers. A review of published data suggests extrinsic allergic alveolitis in wood workers is primarily caused by inhalation of the spores of contaminating fungi, but inhaled wood dust may exert a synergistic effect.
HALPIN DMG, GRANEEK BJ, LACEY J, et al., 1994, RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS, IMMUNOLOGICAL RESPONSES, AND AEROALLERGEN CONCENTRATIONS AT A SAWMILL, OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE, Vol: 51, Pages: 165-172, ISSN: 1351-0711
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- Citations: 54
Tee RD, Gordon DJ, Welch JA, et al., 1993, Investigation of possible adverse allergic reactions to mycoprotein ('Quorn')., Clin Exp Allergy, Vol: 23, Pages: 257-260, ISSN: 0954-7894
Mycoprotein ('Quorn') is a food produced for human consumption from Fusarium graminearum. Crossreactivity studies showed that mycoprotein shared multiple common allergenic determinants with Aspergillus fumigatus and Cladosporium herbarum and some with Alternaria alternata. There is, therefore, a potential for mould allergic patients to react adversely to inhaled or ingested mycoprotein. Mycoprotein RAST screening of mycoprotein production workers was made during a 2 year period. Two of the production workers had specific RAST binding > or = 2% but none reported symptoms. Two of 10 patients referred to hospital following vomiting and diarrhoea after ingestion of mycoprotein had a mycoprotein skin-prick test weal > or = 2 mm but none had a significantly raised RAST. These largely negative results are important and reassuring because consumption of the product in the U.K. is now widespread and increasing.
Venables KM, Farrer N, Sharp L, et al., 1993, Respiratory symptoms questionnaire for asthma epidemiology: validity and reproducibility., Thorax, Vol: 48, Pages: 214-219, ISSN: 0040-6376
BACKGROUND: There is a need for a new respiratory symptoms questionnaire for use in epidemiological research in asthma. METHOD: A questionnaire was designed following a pilot study in 78 subjects. It contains nine questions on symptoms such as wheeze and difficulty with breathing in defined circumstances such as exercise and sleep. It was completed by 211 adults and validated by comparison with a self reported history of asthma and with bronchial hyperresponsiveness to histamine. Its short term reproducibility was measured by three repeat administrations over two weeks. RESULTS: Subjects with asthma (n = 33), particularly those having had an asthma attack in the last year (n = 23), were more likely to report any symptom and to report a greater number of symptoms than those without asthma. The same relationship was found for bronchial hyperresponsiveness and symptoms. Either two or more, or three or more, symptoms appeared to be good indices of self reported asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness, or both, with a high sensitivity (65-91%) and specificity (85-96%). Reproducibility was good, with few subjects changing the number of symptoms reported by more than one symptom and none by more than four symptoms. The results compared favourably with those from questions on phlegm production from the MRC questionnaire and were better than those reported for the MRC wheeze questions. CONCLUSIONS: The questionnaire will be useful for epidemiological research on asthma and could form part of a new standardised questionnaire with wide applications.
HAYES JP, LOTVALL JO, BARNES PJ, et al., 1992, INVOLVEMENT OF INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS IN THE AIRWAY RESPONSES TO TRIMELLITIC ANHYDRIDE IN SENSITIZED GUINEA-PIGS, BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY, Vol: 106, Pages: 828-832, ISSN: 0007-1188
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- Citations: 23
HAYES JP, DANIEL R, TEE RD, et al., 1992, SPECIFIC IMMUNOLOGICAL AND BRONCHOPULMONARY RESPONSES FOLLOWING INTRADERMAL SENSITIZATION TO FREE TRIMELLITIC ANHYDRIDE IN GUINEA-PIGS, CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY, Vol: 22, Pages: 694-700, ISSN: 0954-7894
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- Citations: 33
Gordon S, Tee RD, Lowson D, et al., 1992, Reduction of airborne allergenic urinary proteins from laboratory rats., Br J Ind Med, Vol: 49, Pages: 416-422, ISSN: 0007-1072
Allergy and asthma caused by proteins of laboratory animals, particularly rats and mice, are the most important occupational health hazards for the scientists and technicians who work with such animals. The influence of different cage litters, cage design, and stock density on measured rat urinary aeroallergen (RUA) concentrations has been examined in a room housing male rats, to determine practical means to reduce allergen concentration in animal laboratories. Eight hour static air samples were taken at 2 1/min and the RUA concentrations measured by radioallergosorbent test (RAST) inhibition. High RUA concentrations occurred when the animals were housed on wood based, contact litter (geometric mean (GM) sawdust 7.79 micrograms/m3; woodchip 6.16 micrograms/m3). The use of noncontact absorbent pads was associated with a significant decrease in RUA concentrations (GM 2.47 micrograms/m3; p less than 0.0001). Rat urinary aeroallergen concentrations fell more than fourfold when the animals were housed on woodbased, contact litter in filter top cages rather than conventional open top cages (GM filter top 0.33 micrograms/m3; open top 1.43 micrograms/m3; p less than 0.0001). The number of rats (stock density) strongly influenced the RUA concentration and a linear relation was found between the log(e) allergen concentration and stock density under these study conditions. The measurement of airborne particle size on cleaning out days showed that all litter types generated similar sized particles: more than 80% of the RUA was carried on particles larger than 8 microns in diameter for all litter types. The findings suggest that the exposure of animal husbandry personnel to RUA may be substantially reduced by the avoidance of contact litter, the use of filter top cages (where suitable), and by keeping stock density to a minimum.
Harrington JM, Newman Taylor AJ, Coggan D, 1991, Industrial injuries compensation., Br J Ind Med, Vol: 48, Pages: 577-578, ISSN: 0007-1072
Murch CR, Newman Taylor AJ, 1991, A clinical red herring., Br J Radiol, Vol: 64, Pages: 637-638, ISSN: 0007-1285
Hayes JP, Newman Taylor AJ, 1991, Bronchial asthma in a paediatric nurse caused by inhaled pancreatic extracts., Br J Ind Med, Vol: 48, Pages: 355-356, ISSN: 0007-1072
HAYES JP, LAMBOURN L, HOPKIRK JAC, et al., 1991, OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA DUE TO STYRENE, THORAX, Vol: 46, Pages: 396-397, ISSN: 0040-6376
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- Citations: 17
Newman-Taylor AJ, Morris AJ, 1991, Experience with mustard gas casualties., Lancet, Vol: 337, ISSN: 0140-6736
Finnegan MJ, Little S, Gordon DJ, et al., 1991, The effect of smoking on the development of allergic disease and specific immunological responses in a factory workforce exposed to humidifier contaminants., Br J Ind Med, Vol: 48, Pages: 30-33, ISSN: 0007-1072
The effects of smoking on the development of work related asthma and on the production of specific IgE and IgG antibodies to antigen from a contaminated humidifier are described for a sample of 258 workers from a printing factory. Current smoking was associated with low production of IgG antibody but with higher production of IgE antibody. No dose response for either antibody was found when numbers of cigarettes or pack-years smoked were considered. Work related asthma was detected in 12 workers by peak flow recordings. Six were current smokers and one was an ex-smoker. One subject with work related asthma had a high (and one a marginal) concentration of specific IgE to humidifier antigen.
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