Publications
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Nunez Elvira A, 2023, Trends and determinants of GPs’ work hours in the UK, BJGP Open, Vol: 7, ISSN: 2398-3795
Background:Information on the hours of work of UK doctors is limited, and what exists relies on self-designed questionnaires in England.Aim:To understand trends in the annual stock of physicians’ hours and their main determinants.Design and settingData were collected from the Quarterly Labour Force Survey (QLFS) between 1998 and 2020 under the End User License (EUL).Method:Descriptive and linear regression models of labour supply for doctors (pooled), GPs, and hospital doctors. Results:Between 1998 and 2020, while the headcount of doctors grew by 128.79% for hospital doctors and 45.29% for GPs, hours of work dropped by-20.80% for hospital doctors and -25.37% for GPs. Hence, the annual stock of hours grew by 81.20% for hospital doctors but by a modest 8.42% for GPs. Female doctors worked 8.68 fewer hours with GPs reporting the largest reduction (-11.84 hours with 95% CI = -13.32 to -10.35 and -6.89 with 95% CI = 9.52 to -4.26 in the full specification). Family decisions are associated with a fall in doctors’ work hours and modest growth in the annual stock of hours. These determinants and overtime are drivers of part-time work.Conclusion:Despite increasing the headcount of GPs, their hours of work dropped, generating a more steady and modest growth in their total annual stock of hours compared with hospital doctors. Female GPs work fewer hours than male GPs do and are more likely to work part-time for childbearing, marriage, and overtime work.
Feng Y, Kristensen SR, Lorgelly P, et al., 2023, Pay-for-Performance incentives for specialised services in England: a mixed methods evaluation, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS, ISSN: 1618-7598
Núñez-Elvira A, 2023, Association between hours of work and subjective well-being. How do physicians compare to lawyers and accountants?, PLoS One, Vol: 18
Analyses of physician well-being typically rely on small and unrepresentative samples. In April 2011, the UK Office for National Statistics incorporated subjective well-being metrics (SWB) into the Annual Population Survey (APS), a well-established survey. This survey includes variables from the labor market, making APS an ideal source for measuring the association between work hours and SWB metrics and comparing among different professionals. Using APS data from 2011/12 to 2014/15, this study examined the association between SWB levels and work hours using multiple linear models for physicians (primary care physicians and hospital doctors), lawyers, and accountants. Of the 11,810 observations, physicians were more satisfied, happier, and less anxious; females were more stressed (10.7%); and age was negatively associated with happiness and satisfaction. Incorporating information on preferences to work more hours (underemployment) did not affect physicians' but worsened the well-being of other professionals (lawyers and accountants). Surveyed physicians were less anxious, happier, and more satisfied than lawyers or accountants before Covid. Although the total work hours did not alter the SWB metrics, overtime hours for other professionals did. Increasing the working hours of underemployed physicians (with appropriate compensation) could be a relatively inexpensive solution to tackle the shortage of health workers in the short run.
Calzada-Infante L, Maria Lopez-Narbona A, Nunez-Elvira A, et al., 2020, Assessing the Efficiency of Sustainable Cities Using an Empirical Approach, SUSTAINABILITY, Vol: 12
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