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@article{Hardeman:2015:scipol/scu070,
author = {Hardeman, S and Frenken, K and Nomaler, O and Ter, Wal ALJ},
doi = {scipol/scu070},
journal = {Science and Public Policy},
pages = {530--548},
title = {Characterizing and comparing innovation systems by different 'modes' of knowledge production: A proximity approach},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scu070},
volume = {42},
year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
AB  - Though the concept of innovation systems has become influential in both academia and policy-making, an analytical approach to understanding innovation systems is still lacking. In particular, there is no analytical framework to measure ‘Mode 1’ and ‘Mode 2’ knowledge production. We propose a framework based on the proximity concept. Mode 1 and Mode 2 knowledge production are characterized by collaborations with cognitive, organizational, social, institutional and geographical proximity, and distance, respectively. Using a gravity model approach we apply our framework to the case of type 2 diabetes research and provide a characterization of the global innovation system and a comparative analysis of the North American and European innovation systems. Our main results hold that although collaborative research on type 2 diabetes generally follows a logic of proximity and hence is not characterized as Mode 2, important differences and similarities exist between the North American and European innovation systems.
AU  - Hardeman,S
AU  - Frenken,K
AU  - Nomaler,O
AU  - Ter,Wal ALJ
DO  - scipol/scu070
EP  - 548
PY  - 2015///
SN  - 1471-5430
SP  - 530
TI  - Characterizing and comparing innovation systems by different 'modes' of knowledge production: A proximity approach
T2  - Science and Public Policy
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scu070
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/26607
VL  - 42
ER  -

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