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@article{Tang:2021:10.5194/acp-21-13797-2021,
author = {Tang, T and Shindell, D and Zhang, Y and Voulgarakis, A and Lamarque, J-F and Myhre, G and Faluvegi, G and Samset, BH and Andrews, T and Olivie, D and Takemura, T and Lee, X},
doi = {10.5194/acp-21-13797-2021},
journal = {Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics},
pages = {13797--13809},
title = {Distinct surface response to black carbon aerosols},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13797-2021},
volume = {21},
year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
AB  - For the radiative impact of individual climate forcings, most previous studies focused on the global mean values at the top of the atmosphere (TOA), and less attention has been paid to surface processes, especially for black carbon (BC) aerosols. In this study, the surface radiative responses to five different forcing agents were analyzed by using idealized model simulations. Our analyses reveal that for greenhouse gases, solar irradiance, and scattering aerosols, the surface temperature changes are mainly dictated by the changes of surface radiative heating, but for BC, surface energy redistribution between different components plays a more crucial role. Globally, when a unit BC forcing is imposed at TOA, the net shortwave radiation at the surface decreases by −5.87±0.67 W m−2 (W m−2)−1 (averaged over global land without Antarctica), which is partially offset by increased downward longwave radiation (2.32±0.38 W m−2 (W m−2)−1 from the warmer atmosphere, causing a net decrease in the incoming downward surface radiation of −3.56±0.60 W m−2 (W m−2)−1. Despite a reduction in the downward radiation energy, the surface air temperature still increases by 0.25±0.08 K because of less efficient energy dissipation, manifested by reduced surface sensible (−2.88±0.43 W m−2 (W m−2)−1) and latent heat flux (−1.54±0.27 W m−2 (W m−2)−1), as well as a decrease in Bowen ratio (−0.20±0.07 (W m−2)−1). Such reductions of turbulent fluxes can be largely explained by enhanced air stability (0.07±0.02 K (W m−2)−1), measured as the difference of the potential temperature between 925 hPa and surface, and reduc
AU  - Tang,T
AU  - Shindell,D
AU  - Zhang,Y
AU  - Voulgarakis,A
AU  - Lamarque,J-F
AU  - Myhre,G
AU  - Faluvegi,G
AU  - Samset,BH
AU  - Andrews,T
AU  - Olivie,D
AU  - Takemura,T
AU  - Lee,X
DO  - 10.5194/acp-21-13797-2021
EP  - 13809
PY  - 2021///
SN  - 1680-7316
SP  - 13797
TI  - Distinct surface response to black carbon aerosols
T2  - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13797-2021
UR  - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000697321200001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=1ba7043ffcc86c417c072aa74d649202
UR  - https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/13797/2021/
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/92236
VL  - 21
ER  -

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