Publications
216 results found
AlQattan B, Benton D, Yetisen AK, et al., 2017, Laser nanopatterning of colored ink thin films for photonic devices, ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, Vol: 9, Pages: 39641-39649, ISSN: 1944-8244
Nanofabrication through conventional methods such as electron beam writing and photolithography is time-consuming, high cost, complex, and limited in terms of the materials which can be processed. Here, we present the development of a nanosecond Nd:YAG laser (532 nm, 220 mJ) in holographic Denisyuk reflection mode method for creating ablative nanopatterns from thin films of four ink colors (black, red, blue, and brown). We establish the use of ink as a recording medium in different colors and absorption ranges to rapidly produce optical nanostructures in 1D geometries. The gratings produced with four different types of ink had the same periodicity (840 nm); however, they produce distant wavelength dependent diffraction responses to monochromatic and broadband light. The nanostructures of gratings consisting of blue and red inks displayed high diffraction efficiency of certain wavelengths while the black and brown ink based gratings diffracted broadband light. These gratings have high potential to be used as low-cost photonic structures in wavelength-dependent optical filters. We anticipate that the rapid production of gratings based on different ink formulations can enable optics applications such as holographic displays in data storage, light trapping, security systems, and sensors.
Deng S, Jwad T, Li C, et al., 2017, Carbon nanotube array based binary gabor zone plate lenses, Scientific Reports, Vol: 7, ISSN: 2045-2322
Diffractive zone plates have a wide range of applications from focusing x-ray to extreme UV radiation. The Gabor zone plate, which suppresses the higher-order foci to a pair of conjugate foci, is an attractive alternative to the conventional Fresnel zone plate. In this work, we developed a novel type of Beynon Gabor zone plate based on perfectly absorbing carbon nanotube forest. Lensing performances of 0, 8 and 20 sector Gabor zone plates were experimentally analyzed. Numerical investigations of Beynon Gabor zone plate configurations were in agreement with the experimental results. A high-contrast focal spot having 487 times higher intensity than the average background was obtained.
Alqurashi T, Montelongo Y, Penchev P, et al., 2017, Correction: Femtosecond laser ablation of transparent microphotonic devices and computer-generated holograms, Nanoscale, Vol: 9, Pages: 15159-15159, ISSN: 2040-3364
Rashid I, Butt H, Yetisen AK, et al., 2017, Wavelength-Selective Diffraction from Silica Thin-Film Gratings, ACS PHOTONICS, Vol: 4, Pages: 2402-2409, ISSN: 2330-4022
Alqurashi T, Montelongo Y, Penchev P, et al., 2017, Femtosecond laser ablation of transparent microphotonic devices and computer-generated holograms, NANOSCALE, Vol: 9, Pages: 13808-13819, ISSN: 2040-3364
Vega K, Jiang N, Liu X, et al., 2017, The Dermal Abyss: Interfacing with the Skin by Tattooing Biosensors, ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (UBICOMP) / ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers (ISWC), Publisher: ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY, Pages: 138-145
Khalid MW, Ahmed R, Yetisen AK, et al., 2017, Holographic writing of ink-based phase conjugate nanostructures via laser ablation, Scientific Reports, Vol: 7, ISSN: 2045-2322
The optical phase conjugation (OPC) through photonic nanostructures in coherent optics involves the utilization of a nonlinear optical mechanism through real-time processing of electromagnetic fields. Their applications include spectroscopy, optical tomography, wavefront sensing, and imaging. The development of functional and personalized holographic devices in the visible and near-infrared spectrum can be improved by introducing cost-effective, rapid, and high-throughput fabrication techniques and low-cost recording media. Here, we develop flat and thin phase-conjugate nanostructures on low-cost ink coated glass substrates through a facile and flexible single pulsed nanosecond laser based reflection holography and a cornercube retroreflector (CCR). Fabricated one/two-dimensional (1D/2D) nanostructures exhibited far-field phase-conjugated patterns through wavefront reconstruction by means of diffraction. The optical phase conjugation property had correlation with the laser light (energy) and structural parameters (width, height and exposure angle) variation. The phase conjugated diffraction property from the recorded nanostructures was verified through spectral measurements, far-field diffraction experiments, and thermal imaging. Furthermore, a comparison between the conventional and phase-conjugated nanostructures showed two-fold increase in diffracted light intensity under monochromatic light illumination. It is anticipated that low-cost ink based holographic phase-conjugate nanostructures may have applications in flexible and printable displays, polarization-selective flat waveplates, and adaptive diffraction optics.
Dou Q, Hu D, Gao H, et al., 2017, High performance boronic acid-containing hydrogel for biocompatible continuous glucose monitoring, RSC Advances: an international journal to further the chemical sciences, Vol: 7, Pages: 41384-41390, ISSN: 2046-2069
Rapid and robust hydrogels are essential in realizing continuous glucose monitoring in diabetes monitoring. However, existing hydrogels are limited in satisfying all of the sensory requirements such as detection range, response time, recoverability and biocompatibility. Here, we have developed a surface-initiated polymerization method to chemically immobilize a nano-boronic acid-hydrogel membrane onto a quartz crystal, then used a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) to achieve real-time monitoring of glucose. The experimental results show that this hydrogel possesses enhanced binding properties to glucose under physiological conditions (pH 7.0–7.5) and blood glucose concentration (BGC) (1.1–33.3 mM). Moreover, our hydrogel displayed a rapid response time (∼100 s) to glucose, high biocompatibility in vivo through an animal model. The hydrogel has a great potential as a sensitive glucose probe for implantable continuous glucose sensors.
Tamayol A, Najafabadi AH, Mostafalu P, et al., 2017, Biodegradable elastic nanofibrous platforms with integrated flexible heaters for on-demand drug delivery, SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, Vol: 7, ISSN: 2045-2322
The optical phase conjugation (OPC) through photonic nanostructures in coherent optics involves the utilization of a nonlinear optical mechanism through real-time processing of electromagnetic fields. Their applications include spectroscopy, optical tomography, wavefront sensing, and imaging. The development of functional and personalized holographic devices in the visible and near-infrared spectrum can be improved by introducing cost-effective, rapid, and high-throughput fabrication techniques and low-cost recording media. Here, we develop flat and thin phase-conjugate nanostructures on low-cost ink coated glass substrates through a facile and flexible single pulsed nanosecond laser based reflection holography and a cornercube retroreflector (CCR). Fabricated one/two-dimensional (1D/2D) nanostructures exhibited far-field phase-conjugated patterns through wavefront reconstruction by means of diffraction. The optical phase conjugation property had correlation with the laser light (energy) and structural parameters (width, height and exposure angle) variation. The phase conjugated diffraction property from the recorded nanostructures was verified through spectral measurements, far-field diffraction experiments, and thermal imaging. Furthermore, a comparison between the conventional and phase-conjugated nanostructures showed two-fold increase in diffracted light intensity under monochromatic light illumination. It is anticipated that low-cost ink based holographic phase-conjugate nanostructures may have applications in flexible and printable displays, polarization-selective flat waveplates, and adaptive diffraction optics.
Bentaleb EM, El Messaoudi MD, Abid M, et al., 2017, Plasmid-based high-resolution melting analysis for accurate detection of rpoB mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Moroccan patients, BMC Infectious Diseases, Vol: 17, ISSN: 1471-2334
BackgroundRapid diagnosis of drug resistance in tuberculosis (TB) is pivotal for the timely initiation of effective antibiotic treatment to prevent the spread of drug-resistant strains. The development of low-cost, rapid and robust methods for drug-resistant TB detection is highly desirable for resource-limited settings.MethodsWe report the use of an in house plasmid-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction-high-resolution melting (qPCR-HRM) analysis for the detection of mutations related to rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in clinical isolates from Moroccan patients. Five recombinant plasmids containing predominant mutations (S531L, S531W, H526Y and D516V) and the wild-type sequence of the Rifampicin Resistance-Determining Region (RRDR) have been used as controls to screen 45 rifampicin-resistant and 22 rifampicin-susceptible MTB isolates.ResultsThe sensitivity and the specificity of the qPCR-HRM analysis were 88.8% and 100% respectively as compared to rifampicin Drug Susceptibility Testing (DST). The results of qPCR-HRM and DNA sequencing had a concordance of 100%.ConclusionOur qPCR-HRM assay is a sensitive, accurate and cost-effective assay for the high-throughput screening of mutation-based drug resistance in TB reference laboratories.
Ahmed R, Rifat AA, Hassan MU, et al., 2017, Phase-conjugated directional diffraction from a retroreflector array hologram, RSC Advances: an international journal to further the chemical sciences, Vol: 7, Pages: 25657-25664, ISSN: 2046-2069
A corner cube retroreflector (CCR) consists of three perpendicular flat surfaces and reflects the incident light back to its source. Optical properties of CCR arrays have applications in free space optical communication, low power wireless networks and sensing applications. Conventional top-down CCR array fabrication is complex and requires expensive equipment and limited to broadband reflection only. Here, we utilize laser assisted copying of a CCR array to a light sensitive holography polymer film (∼10 μm) which was placed parallel to the object plane (CCR array) during the recording. Optical characterization of the recorded CCR array hologram was carried out using reflection and color-selective diffraction measurements. Angle dependent optical properties were also simulated computationally followed by their experimental realization, which confirm our experimental findings. In a broadband illumination setting, a broadband white light reflection and a narrowband color diffraction were observed. A linear relationship between the incidence angle of the broadband light and the diffraction angle of the diffracted color light was observed. Bright and well-defined 2nd order far-field diffraction patterns were observed using an image-screen experiment. Maximum diffraction efficiency (DE) of ∼50% was observed for the monochromatic green light at normal illumination setting. The far-field diffraction interspacing/intensity exhibits increasing/decreasing trend with illumination tilt angles, measured between 10 to 50 degrees. The recorded CCR array holograms offer potential applications in color selective diffraction optics and customized optical devices.
Rifat AA, Ahmed R, Yetisen AK, et al., 2017, Photonic crystal fiber based plasmonic sensors, SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL, Vol: 243, Pages: 311-325, ISSN: 0925-4005
Yetisen AK, Jiang N, Fallahi A, et al., 2017, Glucose-sensitive hydrogel optical fibers functionalized with phenylboronic acid, Advanced Materials, Vol: 29, ISSN: 0935-9648
Hydrogel optical fibers are utilized for continuous glucose sensing in real time. The hydrogel fibers consist of poly(acrylamide-co-poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate) cores functionalized with phenylboronic acid. The complexation of the phenylboronic acid and cis-diol groups of glucose enables reversible changes of the hydrogel fiber diameter. The analyses of light propagation loss allow for quantitative glucose measurements within the physiological range.
Ahmed R, Yetisen AK, Butt H, 2017, High Numerical Aperture Hexagonal Stacked Ring-Based Bidirectional Flexible Polymer Microlens Array, ACS NANO, Vol: 11, Pages: 3155-3165, ISSN: 1936-0851
Alqurashi T, Penchev P, Yetisen AK, et al., 2017, Femtosecond laser directed fabrication of optical diffusers, RSC ADVANCES, Vol: 7, Pages: 18019-18023, ISSN: 2046-2069
Optical diffusers are widely used in filament lamps, imaging systems, display technologies, lasers, and Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs). Here, a method for the fabrication of optical diffusers through femtosecond laser machining is demonstrated. Float glass surfaces were ablated with femtosecond laser light to form nanoscale ripples with dimensions comparable to the wavelength of visible light. These structures produce highly efficient and wide field of view diffusers. The machined patterns altered the average surface roughness, with the majority of particles in the range of a few hundred nanometers. The optical diffusion characteristic and a maximum diffusion angle of near 172° was achieved with optimum machining parameters. The transmission performance of the diffusers was measured to be ∼30% across the visible spectrum. The demonstrated technique has potential for producing low-cost large area optical devices. The process benefits from the flexibility of the laser writing method and enables the production of custom optical diffusers.
Yetisen AK, Jiang N, Tamayol A, et al., 2017, Paper-based microfluidic system for tear electrolyte analysis, Lab on a Chip: miniaturisation for chemistry, physics, biology, materials science and bioengineering, Vol: 17, Pages: 1137-1148, ISSN: 1473-0189
The analysis of tear constituents at point-of-care settings has a potential for early diagnosis of ocular disorders such as dry eye disease, low-cost screening, and surveillance of at-risk subjects. However, current minimally-invasive rapid tear analysis systems for point-of-care settings have been limited to assessment of osmolarity or inflammatory markers and cannot differentiate between dry eye subclassifications. Here, we demonstrate a portable microfluidic system that allows quantitative analysis of electrolytes in the tear fluid that is suited for point-of-care settings. The microfluidic system consists of a capillary tube for sample collection, a reservoir for sample dilution, and a paper-based microfluidic device for electrolyte analysis. The sensing regions are functionalized with fluorescent crown ethers, o-acetanisidide, and seminaphtorhodafluor that are sensitive to mono- and divalent electrolytes, and their fluorescence outputs are measured with a smartphone readout device. The measured sensitivity values of Na+, K+, Ca2+ ions and pH in artificial tear fluid were matched with the known ion concentrations within the physiological range. The microfluidic system was tested with samples having different ionic concentrations, demonstrating the feasibility for the detection of early-stage dry eye, differential diagnosis of dry eye sub-types, and their severity staging.
Sabouri A, Yetisen AK, Sadigzade R, et al., 2017, Three-Dimensional Microstructured Lattices for Oil Sensing, ENERGY & FUELS, Vol: 31, Pages: 2524-2529, ISSN: 0887-0624
Deng S, Butt H, Jiang K, et al., 2017, Graphene nanoribbon based plasmonic Fresnel zone plate lenses, RSC Advances: an international journal to further the chemical sciences, Vol: 7, Pages: 16594-16601, ISSN: 2046-2069
A graphene-based metamaterial lens is theoretically proposed by combining plasmonic nanoribbons with Fresnel Zone Plate (FZP) architecture to realize wavelength-selective and tunable lensing. The plasmonic FZP lens shows higher focal intensity and efficiency compared to conventional FZP. As compared with normal graphene FZP, the lensing effect of the plasmonic FZP can be enhanced by 83 times. When compared with Au thin film based FZP lenses, the graphene plasmonic lenses can achieve comparable lensing effects, but with a thinner geometry and with an additional advantage of being wavelength selective and tuneable. The analyses of selectivity and tunability of the plasmonic lens show that the plasmonic lens functions as a filter with broadband incident light or as a switch which can be turned on and off via changing the Fermi levels. The diffraction between neighboring graphene nanoribbons and the effect of the substrate on the lensing effect is also discussed. The plasmonic effect of the nanoribbons only contributes to the focal intensity without affecting the diffraction properties of Fresnel zone plate lenses such as focal lengths. This plasmonic FZP lens is an ideal combination of near and far field optics. However, the complex interaction of diffractions within and between the FZP rings could lead to a significant change of the lensing effect, which opens the possibility of creating innovative graphene metamaterial devices. The findings in this work can be used for developing wavelength-selective electro-optical applications operating in the infrared and terahertz ranges.
Humar M, Kwok SJJ, Choi M, et al., 2017, Toward biomaterial-based implantable photonic devices, NANOPHOTONICS, Vol: 6, Pages: 414-434, ISSN: 2192-8606
Alqurashi T, Sabouri A, Yetisen AK, et al., 2017, Nanosecond pulsed laser texturing of optical diffusers, AIP Advances, Vol: 7, ISSN: 2158-3226
High-quality optical glass diffusers have applications in aerospace, displays, imaging systems, medical devices, and optical sensors. The development of rapid and accurate fabrication techniques is highly desirable for their production. Here, a micropatterning method for the fast fabrication of optical diffusers by means of nanosecond pulsed laser ablation is demonstrated (λ=1064 nm, power=7.02, 9.36 and 11.7 W and scanning speed=200 and 800 mm s-1). The experiments were carried out by point-to-point texturing of a glass surface in spiral shape. The laser machining parameters, the number of pulses and their power had significant effect on surface features. The optical characteristics of the diffusers were characterized at different scattering angles. The features of the microscale structures influenced average roughness from 0.8 μm to 1.97 μm. The glass diffusers scattered light at angles up to 20° and their transmission efficiency were measured up to ∼97% across the visible spectrum. The produced optical devices diffuse light less but do so with less scattering and energy losses as compared to opal diffusing glass. The presented fabrication method can be applied to any other transparent material to create optical diffusers. It is anticipated that the optical diffusers presented in this work will have applications in the production of LED spotlights and imaging devices.
Ahmed R, Yetisen AK, Yun SH, et al., 2017, Color-selective holographic retroreflector array for sensing applications, Light: Science and Applications, Vol: 6, ISSN: 2047-7538
Corner cube retroreflectors (CCRs) have applications in sensors, image processing, free space communication and wireless networks. The ability to construct low-loss wavelength filters embedded in CCRs can enable the development of wavelength multiplexing, tunable lasers and photonic integrated circuits. Here we created an ~10-μm-thick holographic corner cube retroreflector (HCCR) array that acted as a color-selective wavelength filter and diffracted light at broad angles. Angle-resolved spectral measurements showed that the Bragg peak of the diffracted light from the HCCR array could be tuned from 460 to 545 nm by varying the incident angle. The HCCR array also exhibited a wavelength-selective tuning capability based on the rotation angle in the visible spectrum. HCCRs projected holographic images with the rotational property in the far field. The utility of the HCCR was demonstrated as optical temperature and relative humidity sensors that produced a visible colorimetric response for rapid diagnostics.
Ahmed R, Yetisen AK, El Khoury A, et al., 2017, Printable ink lenses, diffusers, and 2D gratings, Nanoscale, Vol: 9, Pages: 266-276, ISSN: 2040-3364
Advances in holography have led to applications including data storage, displays, security labels, and colorimetric sensors. However, existing top-down approaches for the fabrication of holographic devices are complex, expensive, and expertise dependent, limiting their use in practical applications. Here, ink-based holographic devices have been created for a wide range of applications in diffraction optics. A single pulse of a 3.5 ns Nd:YAG laser allowed selective ablation of ink to nanofabricate planar optical devices. The practicality of this method is demonstrated by fabricating ink-based diffraction gratings, 2D holographic patterns, optical diffusers, and Fresnel zone plate (FZP) lenses by using the ink. The fabrication processes were rationally designed using predictive computational modeling and the devices were fabricated within a few minutes demonstrating amenability for large scale printable optics through industrial manufacturing. It is anticipated that ink will be a promising diffraction optical material for the rapid printing of low-cost planar nanophotonic devices.
Butt H, Yetisen AK, Khan AA, et al., 2017, Electrically Tunable Scattering from Devitrite-Liquid Crystal Hybrid Devices, ADVANCED OPTICAL MATERIALS, Vol: 5, ISSN: 2195-1071
Martinez-Hurtado JL, Yetisen AK, Yun S-H, 2017, Multiplex Smartphone Diagnostics, MULTIPLEX BIOMARKER TECHNIQUES: METHODS AND APPLICATIONS, Editors: Guest, Publisher: SPRINGER, Pages: 295-302, ISBN: 978-1-4939-6729-2
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- Citations: 8
Brinegar K, Yetisen AK, Choi S, et al., 2017, The commercialization of genome-editing technologies, CRITICAL REVIEWS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY, Vol: 37, Pages: 924-932, ISSN: 0738-8551
Guo J, Liu X, Jiang N, et al., 2016, Highly Stretchable, Strain Sensing Hydrogel Optical Fibers, ADVANCED MATERIALS, Vol: 28, Pages: 10244-10249, ISSN: 0935-9648
AlQattan B, Butt H, Sabouri A, et al., 2016, Holographic direct pulsed laser writing of two-dimensional nanostructures, RSC Advances: an international journal to further the chemical sciences, Vol: 6, Pages: 111269-111275, ISSN: 2046-2069
The development of accurate and rapid techniques to produce nanophotonic structures is essential in data storage, sensors, and spectroscopy. Existing bottom-up and top-down approaches to fabricate nanophotonic devices are high cost and time consuming, limiting their mass manufacturing and practical applications. Here, we demonstrate a strategy to rapidly create 25–40 nm thick 1/2D Au–Ti nanopatterns using holographic direct laser interference patterning (DLIP). Pulses of an Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm) in holographic Denisyuk reflection mode were used to create ablative interference fringes. The constructive interference antinode regions of the standing wave selectively ablated a Au–Ti layer in localized regions to controllably form nanogratings. Varying the laser exposure parameters allowed for rapid patterning of 2D square and rectangular arrays within seconds. Controlling the distances between the laser source, recording medium, and the object, allowed for achieving a 2D spatial grating periodicity of 640 nm × 640 nm. Diffracted and transmitted light spectra of 2D nanostructure arrays were analyzed using angle-resolved measurements and spectroscopy.
Yetisen AK, Butt H, Mikulchyk T, et al., 2016, Color-Selective 2.5D Holograms on Large-Area Flexible Substrates for Sensing and Multilevel Security, ADVANCED OPTICAL MATERIALS, Vol: 4, Pages: 1589-1600, ISSN: 2195-1071
Yetisen AK, Montelongo Y, Butt H, 2016, Rewritable three-dimensional holographic data storage via optical forces, Applied Physics Letters, Vol: 109, ISSN: 0003-6951
The development of nanostructures that can be reversibly arranged and assembled into 3D patterns may enable optical tunability. However, current dynamic recording materials such as photorefractive polymers cannot be used to store information permanently while also retaining configurability. Here, we describe the synthesis and optimization of a silver nanoparticle doped poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) recording medium for reversibly recording 3D holograms. We theoretically and experimentally demonstrate organizing nanoparticles into 3D assemblies in the recording medium using optical forces produced by the gradients of standing waves. The nanoparticles in the recording medium are organized by multiple nanosecond laser pulses to produce reconfigurable slanted multilayer structures. We demonstrate the capability of producing rewritable optical elements such as multilayer Bragg diffraction gratings, 1D photonic crystals, and 3D multiplexed optical gratings. We also show that 3D virtual holograms can be reversibly recorded. This recording strategy may have applications in reconfigurable optical elements, data storage devices, and dynamic holographic displays.
Montelongo Flores Y, Yetisen AK, Butt H, et al., 2016, Reconfigurable optical assembly of nanostructures, Nature Communications, Vol: 7, Pages: 1-8, ISSN: 2041-1723
Arrangements of nanostructures in well-defined patterns are the basis of photonic crystals, metamaterials and holograms. Furthermore, rewritable optical materials can be achieved by dynamically manipulating nanoassemblies. Here we demonstrate a mechanism to configure plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) in polymer media using nanosecond laser pulses. The mechanism relies on optical forces produced by the interference of laser beams, which allow NPs to migrate to lower-energy configurations. The resulting NP arrangements are stable without any external energy source, but erasable and rewritable by additional recording pulses. We demonstrate reconfigurable optical elements including multilayer Bragg diffraction gratings, volumetric photonic crystals and lenses, as well as dynamic holograms of three-dimensional virtual objects. We aim to expand the applications of optical forces, which have been mostly restricted to optical tweezers. Holographic assemblies of nanoparticles will allow a new generation of programmable composites for tunable metamaterials, data storage devices, sensors and displays.
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