Publications
156 results found
Grover VP, Crossey MM, Fitzpatrick JA, et al., 2015, Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging in patients with cirrhosis: a cross-sectional study., Metabolic Brain Disease, Vol: 31, Pages: 1315-1325, ISSN: 1573-7365
Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging was undertaken, at 3 Tesla field strength, employing magnetization transfer (MT) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences, in 26 patients with well-compensated cirrhosis, free of overt hepatic encephalopathy. Results were compared to those from 18 aged-matched healthy volunteers. Cerebral magnetization transfer ratios (MTR) were reduced in the frontal white matter, caudate, putamen and globus pallidus in patients with cirrhosis, compared to healthy controls, while the apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) on DWI were significantly increased in the genu and body of the corpus callosum. An association between previous excessive alcohol consumption and both MTR and ADCs was noted, but this association was lost when controls were exercised for the severity of liver disease and psychometric impairment on multivariate analysis. Eight (31 %) of the 26 patients had impaired psychometric performance consistent with a diagnosis of minimal hepatic encephalopathy. No statistically significant difference in regional cerebral MTRs or ADCs was found in relation to neuropsychiatric status, although there was a trend towards lower MTRs in patients with impaired psychometric performance. The alterations in MTR and ADC in the patients with functionally compensated cirrhosis are compatible with theories governing the genesis of hepatic encephalopathy, including changes in astrocyte membrane permeability, with subsequent redistribution of macromolecules.
Paterson LM, Flechais RSA, Murphy A, et al., 2015, The Imperial College Cambridge Manchester (ICCAM) platform study: an experimental medicine platform for evaluating new drugs for relapse prevention in addiction. Part A: study description, Journal of Psychopharmacology, Vol: 29, Pages: 943-960, ISSN: 1461-7285
Drug and alcohol dependence are global problems with substantial societal costs. There are few treatments for relapse prevention and therefore a pressing need for further study of brain mechanisms underpinning relapse circuitry. The Imperial College Cambridge Manchester (ICCAM) platform study is an experimental medicine approach to this problem: using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) techniques and selective pharmacological tools, it aims to explore the neuropharmacology of putative relapse pathways in cocaine, alcohol, opiate dependent, and healthy individuals to inform future drug development. Addiction studies typically involve small samples because of recruitment difficulties and attrition. We established the platform in three centres to assess the feasibility of a multisite approach to address these issues. Pharmacological modulation of reward, impulsivity and emotional reactivity were investigated in a monetary incentive delay task, an inhibitory control task, and an evocative images task, using selective antagonists for µ-opioid, dopamine D3 receptor (DRD3) and neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors (naltrexone, GSK598809, vofopitant/aprepitant), in a placebo-controlled, randomised, crossover design. In two years, 609 scans were performed, with 155 individuals scanned at baseline. Attrition was low and the majority of individuals were sufficiently motivated to complete all five sessions (n=87). We describe herein the study design, main aims, recruitment numbers, sample characteristics, and explain the test hypotheses and anticipated study outputs.
Lavdas I, Rockall AG, Castelli F, et al., 2015, Apparent Diffusion Coefficient of Normal Abdominal Organs and Bone Marrow From Whole-Body DWI at 1.5 T: The Effect of Sex and Age, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY, Vol: 205, Pages: 242-250, ISSN: 0361-803X
Saleem A, Searle GE, Kenny LM, et al., 2015, Lapatinib access into normal brain and brain metastases in patients with Her-2 overexpressing breast cancer, EJNMMI Research, Vol: 5, ISSN: 2191-219X
BackgroundBrain metastases are common in human epidermal growth factor receptor (Her)-2-positive breast cancer. Drug access to brain metastases and normal brain is key to management of cranial disease. In this study, positron emission tomography (PET) scanning after administration of radiolabelled lapatinib was used to obtain direct evidence of cranial drug access.MethodsPatients with Her-2+ metastatic breast cancer either with at least one 1-cm diameter brain metastasis or without brain metastases underwent dynamic carbon-11 radiolabelled lapatinib ([11C]lapatinib)-PET. Less than 20 μg of [11C]lapatinib was administered before and after 8 days of oral lapatinib (1,500 mg once daily). Radial arterial blood sampling was performed throughout the 90-min scan. The contribution of blood volume activity to the tissue signal was excluded to calculate lapatinib uptake in normal brain and metastases. Partitioning of radioactivity between plasma and tissue (V T) was calculated and the tissue concentration of lapatinib derived. Plasma lapatinib levels were measured and adverse events noted.ResultsSix patients (three with brain metastases) were recruited. About 80% plasma radioactivity corresponded to intact [11C]lapatinib after 60 min. PET signal in the brain corresponded to circulating radioactivity levels, with no [11C]lapatinib uptake observed in normal brain tissue. In contrast, radioactivity uptake in cranial metastases was significantly higher (p = 0.002) than that could be accounted by circulating radioactivity levels, consistent with [11C]lapatinib uptake in brain metastases. There was no difference in lapatinib uptake between the baseline and day 8 scans, suggesting no effect of increased drug access by inhibition of the drug efflux proteins by therapeutic doses of lapatinib.ConclusionsIncreased lapatinib uptake was observed in brain metastases but not in normal brain.
Mattoscio M, Nicholas R, Sormani MP, et al., 2015, Hematopoietic mobilization Potential biomarker of response to natalizumab in multiple sclerosis, NEUROLOGY, Vol: 84, Pages: 1473-1482, ISSN: 0028-3878
- Author Web Link
- Cite
- Citations: 23
Booth TC, Nathan M, Waldman AD, et al., 2015, The Role of Functional Dopamine-Transporter SPECT Imaging in Parkinsonian Syndromes, Part 2, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY, Vol: 36, Pages: 236-244, ISSN: 0195-6108
- Author Web Link
- Cite
- Citations: 31
Booth TC, Nathan M, Waldman AD, et al., 2015, The Role of Functional Dopamine-Transporter SPECT Imaging in Parkinsonian Syndromes, Part 1, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY, Vol: 36, Pages: 229-235, ISSN: 0195-6108
- Author Web Link
- Cite
- Citations: 42
Booth TC, Waldman AD, Jefferies S, et al., 2015, Comment on "The role of imaging in the management of progressive glioblastoma. A systematic review and evidence-based clinical practice guideline'' [J Neurooncol 2014; 118: 435-460], JOURNAL OF NEURO-ONCOLOGY, Vol: 121, Pages: 423-424, ISSN: 0167-594X
- Author Web Link
- Cite
- Citations: 4
Mick I, Myers J, Stokes PRA, et al., 2014, Amphetamine induced endogenous opioid release in the human brain detected with [<SUP>11</SUP>C]carfentanil PET: replication in an independent cohort, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, Vol: 17, Pages: 2069-2074, ISSN: 1461-1457
- Author Web Link
- Cite
- Citations: 37
Giannetti P, Politis M, Su P, et al., 2014, Increased PK11195-PET binding in normal-appearing white matter in clinically isolated syndrome, Brain, Vol: 138, Pages: 110-119, ISSN: 0006-8950
Waldman A, Upadhyay N, Adams A, et al., 2014, ELEVATED MYOINOSITOL IN DIFFUSE ASTROCYTOMA; A MARKER OF ANAPLASTIC PHENOTYPE, AND NOT ATTRIBUTABLE TO MICROGLIAL INFILTRATION, NEURO-ONCOLOGY, Vol: 16, ISSN: 1522-8517
Jenkins P, De Simoni S, Grover P, et al., 2014, HIPPOCAMPAL CONNECTIVITY AND POST-TRAUMATIC AMNESIA, Meeting of the Associatiion-of-British-Neurologists, Publisher: BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP, ISSN: 0022-3050
Scholtz S, Miras AD, Chhina N, et al., 2014, Obese patients after gastric bypass surgery have lower brain-hedonic responses to food than after gastric banding, Gut, Vol: 63, Pages: 891-902, ISSN: 0017-5749
Objectives Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) has greater efficacy for weight loss in obese patients than gastric banding (BAND) surgery. We hypothesise that this may result from different effects on food hedonics via physiological changes secondary to distinct gut anatomy manipulations.Design We used functional MRI, eating behaviour and hormonal phenotyping to compare body mass index (BMI)-matched unoperated controls and patients after RYGB and BAND surgery for obesity.Results Obese patients after RYGB had lower brain-hedonic responses to food than patients after BAND surgery. RYGB patients had lower activation than BAND patients in brain reward systems, particularly to high-calorie foods, including the orbitofrontal cortex, amygdala, caudate nucleus, nucleus accumbens and hippocampus. This was associated with lower palatability and appeal of high-calorie foods and healthier eating behaviour, including less fat intake, in RYGB compared with BAND patients and/or BMI-matched unoperated controls. These differences were not explicable by differences in hunger or psychological traits between the surgical groups, but anorexigenic plasma gut hormones (GLP-1 and PYY), plasma bile acids and symptoms of dumping syndrome were increased in RYGB patients.Conclusions The identification of these differences in food hedonic responses as a result of altered gut anatomy/physiology provides a novel explanation for the more favourable long-term weight loss seen after RYGB than after BAND surgery, highlighting the importance of the gut–brain axis in the control of reward-based eating behaviour.
Goldstone AP, Prechtl CG, Scholtz S, et al., 2014, Ghrelin mimics fasting to enhance human hedonic, orbitofrontal cortex, and hippocampal responses to food, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION, Vol: 99, Pages: 1319-1330, ISSN: 0002-9165
Scholtz S, Miras AD, Chhina N, et al., 2014, Obese patients after gastric bypass surgery have lower brain-hedonic responses to food than after gastric banding, GUT, Vol: 63, Pages: 891-902, ISSN: 0017-5749
Kalk NJ, Guo Q, Owen DR, et al., 2014, HIPPOCAMPAL MICROGLIAL DYSFUNCTION IN ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE: A [C-11]PBR28 POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET) STUDY, 37th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Research-Society-on-Alcoholism (RSA) / 17th Congress of the International-Society-for-Biomedical-Research-on-Alcoholism (ISBRA), Publisher: WILEY-BLACKWELL, Pages: 23A-23A, ISSN: 0145-6008
- Author Web Link
- Cite
- Citations: 1
Erritzoe D, Tziortzi A, Bargiela D, et al., 2014, <i>In Vivo</i> Imaging of Cerebral Dopamine D3 Receptors in Alcoholism, NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, Vol: 39, Pages: 1703-1712, ISSN: 0893-133X
- Author Web Link
- Cite
- Citations: 43
Mora-Peris B, Watson V, Vera JH, et al., 2014, Rilpivirine exposure in plasma and sanctuary site compartments after switching from nevirapine-containing combined antiretroviral therapy, JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY, Vol: 69, Pages: 1642-1647, ISSN: 0305-7453
- Author Web Link
- Cite
- Citations: 28
Newbould RD, Nicholas R, Thomas CL, et al., 2014, Age independently affects myelin integrity as detected by magnetization transfer magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis, NeuroImage: Clinical, Vol: 4, Pages: 641-648, ISSN: 2213-1582
BackgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a heterogeneous disorder with a progressive course that is difficult to predict on a case-by-case basis. Natural history studies of MS have demonstrated that age influences clinical progression independent of disease duration.ObjectiveTo determine whether age would be associated with greater CNS injury as detected by magnetization transfer MRI.Materials and methodsForty MS patients were recruited from out-patient clinics into two groups stratified by age but with similar clinical disease duration as well as thirteen controls age-matched to the older MS group. Images were segmented by automated programs and blinded readers into normal appearing white matter (NAWM), normal appearing gray matter (NAGM), and white matter lesions (WMLs) and gray matter lesions (GMLs) in the MS groups. WML and GML were delineated on T2-weighted 3D fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and T1 weighted MRI volumes. Mean magnetization transfer ratio (MTR), region volume, as well as MTR histogram skew and kurtosis were calculated for each region.ResultsAll MTR measures in NAGM and MTR histogram metrics in NAWM differed between MS subjects and controls, as expected and previously reported by several studies, but not between MS groups. However, MTR measures in the WML did significantly differ between the MS groups, in spite of no significant differences in lesion counts and volumes.ConclusionsDespite matching for clinical disease duration and recording no significant WML volume difference, we demonstrated strong MTR differences in WMLs between younger and older MS patients. These data suggest that aging-related processes modify the tissue response to inflammatory injury and its clinical outcome correlates in MS.
Cutfield NJ, Scott G, Waldman AD, et al., 2014, Visual and proprioceptive interaction in patients with bilateral vestibular loss, NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL, Vol: 4, Pages: 274-282, ISSN: 2213-1582
Following bilateral vestibular loss (BVL) patients gradually adapt to the loss of vestibular input and rely more on other sensory inputs. Here we examine changes in the way proprioceptive and visual inputs interact. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate visual responses in the context of varying levels of proprioceptive input in 12 BVL subjects and 15 normal controls. A novel metal-free vibrator was developed to allow vibrotactile neck proprioceptive input to be delivered in the MRI system. A high level (100 Hz) and low level (30 Hz) control stimulus was applied over the left splenius capitis; only the high frequency stimulus generates a significant proprioceptive stimulus. The neck stimulus was applied in combination with static and moving (optokinetic) visual stimuli, in a factorial fMRI experimental design. We found that high level neck proprioceptive input had more cortical effect on brain activity in the BVL patients. This included a reduction in visual motion responses during high levels of proprioceptive input and differential activation in the midline cerebellum. In early visual cortical areas, the effect of high proprioceptive input was present for both visual conditions but in lateral visual areas, including V5/MT, the effect was only seen in the context of visual motion stimulation. The finding of a cortical visuo-proprioceptive interaction in BVL patients is consistent with behavioural data indicating that, in BVL patients, neck afferents partly replace vestibular input during the CNS-mediated compensatory process. An fMRI cervico-visual interaction may thus substitute the known visuo-vestibular interaction reported in normal subject fMRI studies. The results provide evidence for a cortical mechanism of adaptation to vestibular failure, in the form of an enhanced proprioceptive influence on visual processing. The results may provide the basis for a cortical mechanism involved in proprioceptive substitution of vestibular func
Orban C, McGonigle J, Kalk NJ, et al., 2013, Resting state synchrony in anxiety-related circuits of abstinent alcohol-dependent patients, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE, Vol: 39, Pages: 433-440, ISSN: 0095-2990
- Author Web Link
- Cite
- Citations: 13
Kalk NJ, Guo Q, Owen DR, et al., 2013, Using Positron Emission Tomography to investigate microglial activation in alcohol dependence: preliminary findings, EUROPEAN NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, Vol: 23, Pages: S122-S122, ISSN: 0924-977X
Antikainen RL, Beckett N, Peters R, et al., 2013, Prevalence and covariates of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy in the Hypertension in the Very Elderly Trial, JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION, Vol: 31, Pages: 1224-1232, ISSN: 0263-6352
- Author Web Link
- Cite
- Citations: 4
Saleem A, Searle G, Kenny LM, et al., 2013, Brain and tumor penetration of carbon-11-labeled lapatinib ([<SUP>11</SUP>C]Lap) in patients (pts) with HER2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer (MBC), 49th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Clinical-Oncology (ASCO), Publisher: LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, ISSN: 0732-183X
- Author Web Link
- Cite
- Citations: 2
Forshew T, Lewis P, Waldman A, et al., 2013, Three different brain tumours evolving from a common origin, ONCOGENESIS, Vol: 2, ISSN: 2157-9024
- Author Web Link
- Cite
- Citations: 7
Kalk NJ, Guo Q, Cherian R, et al., 2013, Using positron emission tomography to investigate microglial activation in alcohol dependence: preliminary findings, EUROPEAN NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, Vol: 23, Pages: S87-S88, ISSN: 0924-977X
McPhail MJW, Leech R, Grover VPB, et al., 2013, Modulation of neural activation following treatment of hepatic encephalopathy, NEUROLOGY, Vol: 80, Pages: 1041-1047, ISSN: 0028-3878
- Author Web Link
- Cite
- Citations: 21
Niccolini F, Giannetti P, Politis M, et al., 2013, In Vivo Detection of Thalamo-Cortical Pathology in Patients with Clinical Isolated Syndrome, 65th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Neurology (AAN), Publisher: LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, ISSN: 0028-3878
Politis M, Giannetti P, Niccolini F, et al., 2013, Decreased Microglial Activation Precedes Stabilization of Disability in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated with Natalizumab, 65th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Neurology (AAN), Publisher: LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, ISSN: 0028-3878
Giannetti P, Politis M, Su P, et al., 2013, Microglia Activation in Clinically Isolated Syndrome: 11C11195PK-PET Change within Normal Appearing White Matter and Deep Grey Matter Structures, 65th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Neurology (AAN), Publisher: LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, ISSN: 0028-3878
This data is extracted from the Web of Science and reproduced under a licence from Thomson Reuters. You may not copy or re-distribute this data in whole or in part without the written consent of the Science business of Thomson Reuters.