Publications
325 results found
Jacobs ET, Gupta S, Baron JA, et al., 2016, Family History of Colorectal Cancer in First-degree Relatives and Metachronous Adenoma in the Pooling Study, 57th Annual Meeting and Residents Fellow Conference of the Society-for-Surgery-of-the-Alimentary-Tract (SSAT) / 52nd Annual Meeting on Digestive Disease Week (DDW) / Meeting of the American-Gastroenterological-Association (AGA), Publisher: W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC, Pages: S836-S836, ISSN: 0016-5085
Murphy N, Cross AJ, Abubakar M, et al., 2016, A nested case–control study of metabolically defined body size phenotypes and risk of colorectal cancer in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC), Plos Medicine, Vol: 13, ISSN: 1549-1676
Troche JR, Mayne ST, Freedman ND, et al., 2016, Alcohol Consumption-Related Metabolites in Relation to Colorectal Cancer and Adenoma: Two Case-Control Studies Using Serum Biomarkers, PLOS One, Vol: 11, ISSN: 1932-6203
Alcohol is a known carcinogen that may be associated with colorectal cancer. However, most epidemiologic studies assess alcoholic beverage consumption using self-reported data, leading to potential exposure misclassification. Biomarkers of alcohol consumption may provide an alternative, complementary approach that reduces misclassification and incorporates individual differences in alcohol metabolism. Therefore, we evaluated the relationship between previously identified alcohol consumption-related metabolites and colorectal cancer and adenoma using serum metabolomics data from two studies. Data on colorectal cancer were obtained from a nested case-control study of 502 US adults (252 cases, 250 controls) within the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Data on colorectal adenoma were obtained from a case-control study of 197 US adults (120 cases, 77 controls) from the Navy Colon Adenoma Study. Unconditional multivariable logistic regression models were fit to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for eight alcohol consumption-related metabolites identified in a previous analysis: ethyl glucuronide; 4-androstene-3beta,17beta-diol disulfate 1; 5-alpha-androstan-3beta,17beta-diol disulfate; 16-hydroxypalmitate; bilirubin (E,Z or Z,E); cyclo (-leu-pro); dihomo-linoleate (20:2n6); and palmitoleate (16:1n7). We found no clear association between these alcohol consumption-related metabolites and either endpoint. However, we did observe an inverse association between cyclo (-leu-pro) and colorectal adenoma that was only observed in the highest metabolite quantile (OR 4th vs. 1st Quantile = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.12–0.78; P-trend = 0.047), but no association for colorectal cancer. In conclusion, there were no adverse associations between alcohol consumption-related metabolites and colorectal cancer or adenoma.
Nasralla EA, 2016, Metabolic syndrome and relation of obesity indices to biomarkers of insulin sensitivity and inflammation among Qatari men and women: The Qatar Biobank Project.
Background: Increased body fatness along with other conditions typical of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) such as insulin resistance have become more prevalent in Qatar due to rapid transitions in the Qatari’s population lifestyle in the last few decades. The government of Qatar is seeking to improve the publics’ health; however, epidemiological studies on Qataris are limited. Aims: This research aims to 1) describe the features of the MetS and its determinants among a sample of Qataris, 2) explore the difference between four obesity subgroups regarding selected factors of metabolic health and 3) investigate the association of total and central body fatness indices with C-peptide and glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) as insulin sensitivity biomarkers and with fibrinogen as a biomarker of inflammation.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 879 Qatari men and women from the Qatar Biobank pilot phase. The MetS prevalence was estimated using the National Cholesterol Education Programme Adult Panel III (NCEP ATPIII), International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the harmonised criteria. Metabolic health status for the four obesity subgroups (metabolically-healthy normal weight, metabolically-abnormal normal weight, metabolically-healthy obese and metabolically-abnormal obese) was identified using the harmonised guidelines. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to test the relation of the obesity indices (including body mass index, body fat percentage, waist circumference (WC) and waist-hip ratio) to C-peptide, HbA1c and fibrinogen.Results: The prevalence of the MetS was 18.4% (NCEP ATPIII), 27.0% (IDF), and 28.9% (harmonised definition). Central obesity was the most prevalent determinant of the MetS. There were significant differences in multiple factors of metabolic health for each of the four obesity subgroups. There were strong positive associations between the examined obesity indices and C-peptide, HbA1c and fibrinogen. WC had the strongest
Chuang S-C, Boeing H, Vollset SE, et al., 2016, Cellular immune activity biomarker neopterin is associated hyperlipidemia: results from a large population-based study, Immunity & Ageing, Vol: 13, ISSN: 1742-4933
BackgroundIncreased serum neopterin had been described in older age two decades ago. Neopterin is a biomarker of systemic adaptive immune activation that could be potentially implicated in metabolic syndrome (MetS). Measurements of waist circumference, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin as components of MetS definition, and plasma total neopterin concentrations were performed in 594 participants recruited in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC).ResultsHigher total neopterin concentrations were associated with reduced HDLC (9.7 %, p < 0.01 for men and 9.2 %, p < 0.01 for women), whereas no association was observed with the rest of the MetS components as well as with MetS overall (per 10 nmol/L: OR = 1.42, 95 % CI = 0.85-2.39 for men and OR = 1.38, 95 % CI = 0.79-2.43).ConclusionsThese data suggest that high total neopterin concentrations are cross-sectionally associated with reduced HDLC, but not with overall MetS.
Stepien M, Duarte-Salles T, Fedirko V, et al., 2016, Alteration of amino acid and biogenic amine metabolism in hepatobiliary cancers: Findings from a prospective cohort study, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Vol: 138, Pages: 348-360, ISSN: 0020-7136
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Stepien M, Fedirko V, Duarte-Salles T, et al., 2016, Prospective association of liver function biomarkers with development of hepatobiliary cancers, Cancer Epidemiology, Vol: 40, Pages: 179-187, ISSN: 1877-7821
IntroductionSerum liver biomarkers (gamma-glutamyl transferase, GGT; alanine aminotransferase, ALT; aspartate aminotransferase, AST; alkaline phosphatase, ALP; total bilirubin) are used as indicators of liver disease, but there is currently little data on their prospective association with risk of hepatobiliary cancers.MethodsA nested-case control study was conducted within the prospective EPIC cohort (>520,000 participants, 10 European countries). After a mean 7.5 mean years of follow-up, 121 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 34 intrahepatic bile duct (IHBC) and 131 gallbladder and biliary tract (GBTC) cases were identified and matched to 2 controls each. Circulating biomarkers were measured in serum taken at recruitment into the cohort, prior to cancer diagnosis. Multivariable adjusted conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (OR; 95%CI).ResultsIn multivariable models, 1SD increase of each log-transformed biomarker was positively associated with HCC risk (OR(GGT) = 4.23, 95%CI:2.72–6.59; OR(ALP) = 3.43, 95%CI:2.31–5.10;OR(AST) = 3.00, 95%CI:2.04-4.42; OR(ALT) = 2.69, 95%CI:1.89–3.84; OR(Bilirubin) = 2.25, 95%CI:1.58–3.20). Each liver enzyme (OR(GGT) = 4.98; 95%CI:1.75–14.17; OR(AST) = 3.10, 95%CI:1.04–9.30; OR(ALT) = 2.86, 95%CI:1.26–6.48, OR(ALP) = 2.31, 95%CI:1.10–4.86) but not bilirubin (OR(Bilirubin) = 1.46,95%CI:0.85–2.51) showed a significant association with IHBC. Only ALP was significantly associated with GBTC risk (OR(ALP) = 1.59, 95%CI:1.20–2.09).ConclusionThis study shows positive associations between circulating liver biomarkers in sera collected prior to cancer diagnoses and the risks of developing HCC or IHBC, but not GBTC.
Kong SY, Hao QT, Gewirtz AT, et al., 2016, Serum endotoxins and flagellin and risk of colorectal cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Cohort, Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, Vol: 25, Pages: 291-301, ISSN: 1538-7755
Background: Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are thought to be involved in colorectal cancer development. These processes may contribute to leakage of bacterial products, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and flagellin, across the gut barrier. The objective of this study, nested within a prospective cohort, was to examine associations between circulating LPS and flagellin serum antibody levels and colorectal cancer risk.Methods: A total of 1,065 incident colorectal cancer cases (colon, n = 667; rectal, n = 398) were matched (1:1) to control subjects. Serum flagellin- and LPS-specific IgA and IgG levels were quantitated by ELISA. Multivariable conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusting for multiple relevant confouding factors.Results: Overall, elevated anti-LPS and anti-flagellin biomarker levels were not associated with colorectal cancer risk. After testing potential interactions by various factors relevant for colorectal cancer risk and anti-LPS and anti-flagellin, sex was identified as a statistically significant interaction factor (Pinteraction < 0.05 for all the biomarkers). Analyses stratified by sex showed a statistically significant positive colorectal cancer risk association for men (fully-adjusted OR for highest vs. lowest quartile for total anti-LPS + flagellin, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.10–2.51; Ptrend, 0.049), whereas a borderline statistically significant inverse association was observed for women (fully-adjusted OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.47–1.02; Ptrend, 0.18).Conclusion: In this prospective study on European populations, we found bacterial exposure levels to be positively associated to colorectal cancer risk among men, whereas in women, a possible inverse association may exist.Impact: Further studies are warranted to better clarify these preliminary observations.
Gupta S, Jacobs ET, Baron JA, et al., 2015, Risk stratification of individuals with low-risk colorectal adenomas using clinical characteristics: a pooled analysis, Gut, Vol: 66, Pages: 446-453, ISSN: 0017-5749
OBJECTIVE: For individuals with 1-2 small (<1 cm) low-risk colorectal adenomas, international guidelines range from no surveillance to offering surveillance colonoscopy in 5-10 years. We hypothesised that the risks for metachronous advanced neoplasia (AN) among patients with low-risk adenomas differ based on clinical factors distinct from those currently used. DESIGN: We pooled data from seven prospective studies to assess the risk of metachronous AN. Two groups with 1-2 small adenomas were defined based on guidelines from the UK (n=4516) or the European Union (EU)/US (n=2477). RESULTS: Absolute risk of metachronous AN ranged from a low of 2.9% to a high of 12.2%, depending on specific risk factor and guideline used. For the UK group, the highest absolute risks for metachronous AN were found among individuals with a history of prior polyp (12.2%), villous histology (12.2%), age ≥70 years (10.9%), high-grade dysplasia (10.9%), any proximal adenoma (10.2%), distal and proximal adenoma (10.8%) or two adenomas (10.1%). For the EU/US group, the highest absolute risks for metachronous AN were among individuals with a history of prior polyp (11.5%) or the presence of both proximal and distal adenomas (11.0%). In multivariate analyses, strong associations for increasing age and history of prior polyps and odds of metachronous AN were observed, whereas more modest associations were shown for baseline proximal adenomas and those with villous features. CONCLUSIONS: Risks of metachronous AN among individuals with 1-2 small adenomas vary according to readily available clinical characteristics. These characteristics may be considered for recommending colonoscopy surveillance and require further investigation.
Inoue-Choi M, Virk-Baker MK, Aschebrook-Kilfoy B, et al., 2015, Development and calibration of a dietary nitrate and nitrite database in the NIH–AARP Diet and Health Study, Public Health Nutrition, Vol: 19, Pages: 1934-1943, ISSN: 1368-9800
Nitrate and nitrite are probable human carcinogens when ingested under conditions that increase the formation of N-nitroso compounds. There have been limited efforts to develop US databases of dietary nitrate and nitrite for standard FFQ. Here we describe the development of a dietary nitrate and nitrite database and its calibration.We analysed data from a calibration study of 1942 members of the NIH–AARP (NIH–AARP, National Institutes of Health–AARP) Diet and Health Study who reported all foods and beverages consumed on the preceding day in two non-consecutive 24 h dietary recalls (24HR) and completed an FFQ. Based on a literature review, we developed a database of nitrate and nitrite contents for foods reported on these 24HR and for food category line items on the FFQ. We calculated daily nitrate and nitrite intakes for both instruments, and used a measurement error model to compute correlation coefficients and attenuation factors for the FFQ-based intake estimates using 24HR-based values as reference data.FFQ-based median nitrate intake was 68·9 and 74·1 mg/d, and nitrite intake was 1·3 and 1·0 mg/d, in men and women, respectively. These values were similar to 24HR-based intake estimates. Energy-adjusted correlation coefficients between FFQ- and 24HR-based values for men and women respectively were 0·59 and 0·57 for nitrate and 0·59 and 0·58 for nitrite; energy-adjusted attenuation factors were 0·59 and 0·57 for nitrate and 0·47 and 0·38 for nitrite.The performance of the FFQ in assessing dietary nitrate and nitrite intakes is comparable to that for many other macro- and micronutrients.
Merritt MA, Riboli E, Murphy N, et al., 2015, Reproductive factors and risk of mortality in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition; a cohort study, BMC Medicine, Vol: 13, ISSN: 1741-7015
Background: Reproductive events are associated with important physiologic changes yet little is known abouthow reproductive factors influence long term health in women. Our objective was to assess the relation ofreproductive characteristics with all-cause and cause-specific mortality risk.Methods: The analysis was performed in the European Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition prospectivecohort study that enrolled >500,000 women and men (1992-2000) who were residing in a giventown/geographic area in 10 European countries. The current analysis included 322,972 eligible women aged 25-70 years with 99% complete follow-up for vital status. We assessed reproductive characteristics reported at thestudy baseline including parity, age at the first birth, breastfeeding, infertility, oral contraceptive use, age atmenarche and menopause, total ovulatory years and history of oophorectomy/hysterectomy. Hazard ratios(HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mortality were determined using Cox proportional hazardsregression models adjusted for menopausal status, body mass index, physical activity, education level andsmoking status/intensity and duration.Results: During a mean follow-up of 12.9 years, 14,383 deaths occurred. The HR (95% CI) for risk of all-causemortality was lower in parous versus nulliparous women, 0.80 (0.76-0.84), in women who had ever versusnever breastfed, 0.92 (0.87-0.97), in ever versus never users of oral contraceptives (among non-smokers), 0.90(0.86-0.95), and in women reporting a later age at menarche (≥15 years versus <12), 0.90 (0.85-0.96), P fortrend=0.038.Conclusions: Childbirth, breastfeeding, oral contraceptive use, and a later age at menarche were associated withbetter health outcomes. These findings may contribute to the development of improved strategies to promotebetter long term health in women.
Schmidt JA, Rinaldi S, Ferrari P, et al., 2015, Metabolic profiles of male meat eaters, fish eaters, vegetarians, and vegans from the EPIC-Oxford cohort, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol: 102, Pages: 1518-1526, ISSN: 1938-3207
Background: Human metabolism is influenced by dietary factors and lifestyle, environmental, and genetic factors; thus, men who exclude some or all animal products from their diet might have different metabolic profiles than meat eaters.Objective: We aimed to investigate differences in concentrations of 118 circulating metabolites, including acylcarnitines, amino acids, biogenic amines, glycerophospholipids, hexose, and sphingolipids related to lipid, protein, and carbohydrate metabolism between male meat eaters, fish eaters, vegetarians, and vegans from the Oxford arm of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition.Design: In this cross-sectional study, concentrations of metabolites were measured by mass spectrometry in plasma from 379 men categorized according to their diet group. Differences in mean metabolite concentrations across diet groups were tested by using ANOVA, and a false discovery rate–controlling procedure was used to account for multiple testing. Principal component analysis was used to investigate patterns in metabolic profiles.Results: Concentrations of 79% of metabolites differed significantly by diet group. In the vast majority of these cases, vegans had the lowest concentration, whereas meat eaters most often had the highest concentrations of the acylcarnitines, glycerophospholipids, and sphingolipids, and fish eaters or vegetarians most often had the highest concentrations of the amino acids and a biogenic amine. A clear separation between patterns in the metabolic profiles of the 4 diet groups was seen, with vegans being noticeably different from the other groups because of lower concentrations of some glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids.Conclusions: Metabolic profiles in plasma could effectively differentiate between men from different habitual diet groups, especially vegan men compared with men who consume animal products. The difference in metabolic profiles was mainly explained by the lower concentrations of gl
Kong SY, Takeuchi M, Hyogo H, et al., 2015, The association between glyceraldehyde-derived advanced glycation end-products and colorectal cancer risk, Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, Vol: 24, Pages: 1855-1863, ISSN: 1538-7755
Background: A large proportion of colorectal cancers are thought to be associated with unhealthy dietary and lifestyle exposures, particularly energy excess, obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperglycemia. It has been suggested that these processes stimulate the production of toxic reactive carbonyls from sugars such as glyceraldehyde. Glyceraldehyde contributes to the production of a group of compounds known as glyceraldehyde-derived advanced glycation end-products (glycer-AGEs), which may promote colorectal cancer through their proinflammatory and pro-oxidative properties. The objective of this study nested within a prospective cohort was to explore the association of circulating glycer-AGEs with risk of colorectal cancer.Methods: A total of 1,055 colorectal cancer cases (colon n = 659; rectal n = 396) were matchced (1:1) to control subjects. Circulating glycer-AGEs were measured by a competitive ELISA. Multivariable conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate ORs and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), adjusting for potential confounding factors, including smoking, alcohol, physical activity, body mass index, and diabetes status.Results: Elevated glycer-AGEs levels were not associated with colorectal cancer risk (highest vs. lowest quartile, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.82–1.49). Subgroup analyses showed possible divergence by anatomical subsites (OR for colon cancer, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.57–1.22; OR for rectal cancer, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.14–3.19; Pheterogeneity = 0.14).Conclusions: In this prospective study, circulating glycer-AGEs were not associated with risk of colon cancer, but showed a positive association with the risk of rectal cancer.Impact: Further research is needed to clarify the role of toxic products of carbohydrate metabolism and energy excess in colorectal cancer development.
Fages A, Duarte-Salles T, Stepien M, et al., 2015, Metabolomic profiles of hepatocellular carcinoma in a European prospective cohort, BMC Medicine, Vol: 13, ISSN: 1741-7015
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most prevalent form of liver cancer, is difficult to diagnose andhas limited treatment options with a low survival rate. Aside from a few key risk factors, such as hepatitis, highalcohol consumption, smoking, obesity, and diabetes, there is incomplete etiologic understanding of the diseaseand little progress in identification of early risk biomarkers.Methods: To address these aspects, an untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomic approach wasapplied to pre-diagnostic serum samples obtained from first incident, primary HCC cases (n = 114) and matchedcontrols (n = 222) identified from amongst the participants of a large European prospective cohort.Results: A metabolic pattern associated with HCC risk comprised of perturbations in fatty acid oxidation and aminoacid, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism was observed. Sixteen metabolites of either endogenous or exogenousorigin were found to be significantly associated with HCC risk. The influence of hepatitis infection and potentialliver damage was assessed, and further analyses were made to distinguish patterns of early or later diagnosis.Conclusion: Our results show clear metabolic alterations from early stages of HCC development with application forbetter etiologic understanding, prevention, and early detection of this increasingly common cancer.
Zamora-Ros R, Rinaldi S, Tsilidis KK, et al., 2015, Energy and macronutrient intake and risk of differentiated thyroid carcinoma in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study, International Journal of Cancer, Vol: 138, Pages: 65-73, ISSN: 1097-0215
Fonseca-Nunes A, Agudo A, Aranda N, et al., 2015, Body iron status and gastric cancer risk in the EURGAST study, International Journal of Cancer, Vol: 137, Pages: 2904-2914, ISSN: 1097-0215
Although it appears biologically plausible for iron to be associated with gastric carcinogenesis, the evidence is insufficient to lead to any conclusions. To further investigate the relationship between body iron status and gastric cancer risk, we conducted a nested case–control study in the multicentric European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. The study included 456 primary incident gastric adenocarcinoma cases and 900 matched controls that occurred during an average of 11 years of follow-up. We measured prediagnostic serum iron, ferritin, transferrin and C-reactive protein, and further estimated total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) and transferrin saturation (TS). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of gastric cancer by iron metrics were estimated from multivariable conditional logistic regression models. After adjusting for relevant confounders, we observed a statistically significant inverse association between gastric cancer and ferritin and TS indices (ORlog2 = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.72–0.88; OR10%increment = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.78–0.97, respectively). These associations appear to be restricted to noncardia gastric cancer (ferritin showed a p for heterogeneity = 0.04 and TS had a p for heterogeneity = 0.02), and no differences were found by histological type. TIBC increased risk of overall gastric cancer (OR50 µg/dl = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.02–1.2) and also with noncardia gastric cancer (p for heterogeneity = 0.04). Additional analysis suggests that time between blood draw and gastric cancer diagnosis could modify these findings. In conclusion, our results showed a decreased risk of gastric cancer related to higher body iron stores as measured by serum iron and ferritin. Further investigation is needed to clarify the role of iron in gastric carcinogenesis.
Leenders M, Siersema PD, Overvad K, et al., 2015, Subtypes of fruit and vegetables, variety in consumption and risk of colon and rectal cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, International Journal of Cancer, Vol: 137, Pages: 2705-2714, ISSN: 1097-0215
Previously, a lower risk of colorectal cancer was observed with fruit and vegetable consumption in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition within a follow-up period of 9 years which was not fully supported by a recent meta-analysis. Therefore, we were interested in the relation with extended follow-up, also focusing on single subtypes and a variety of intake of fruit and vegetables. Fruit and vegetable consumption was assessed at baseline. After an average of 13 years of follow-up, 3,370 participants were diagnosed with colon or rectal cancer. Diet diversity scores were constructed to quantify variety in fruit and vegetable consumption. A lower risk of colon cancer was observed with higher self-reported consumption of fruit and vegetable combined (HR Q4 vs. Q1 0.87, 95% CI 0.75–1.01, p for trend 0.02), but no consistent association was observed for separate consumption of fruits and vegetables. No associations with risk of rectal cancer were observed. The few observed associations for some fruit and vegetable subtypes with colon cancer risk may have been due to chance. Variety in consumption of fruits and vegetables was not associated with a lower risk of colon or rectal cancer. Although a lower risk of colon cancer is suggested with high consumption of fruit and vegetables, this study does not support a clear inverse association between fruit and vegetable consumption and colon or rectal cancer beyond a follow-up of more than 10 years. Attenuation of the risk estimates from dietary changes over time cannot be excluded, but appears unlikely.
Duarte-Salles T, Fedirko V, Stepien M, et al., 2015, Dietary fat, fat subtypes and hepatocellular carcinoma in a large European cohort, International Journal of Cancer, Vol: 137, Pages: 2715-2728, ISSN: 0020-7136
The role of amount and type of dietary fat consumption in the etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is poorly understood, despite suggestive biological plausibility. The associations of total fat, fat subtypes and fat sources with HCC incidence were investigated in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort, which includes 191 incident HCC cases diagnosed between 1992 and 2010. Diet was assessed by country-specific, validated dietary questionnaires. A single 24-hr diet recall from a cohort subsample was used for measurement error calibration. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated from Cox proportional hazard models. Hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV/HCV) status and biomarkers of liver function were assessed separately in a nested case–control subset with available blood samples (HCC = 122). In multivariable calibrated models, there was a statistically significant inverse association between total fat intake and risk of HCC (per 10 g/day, HR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.65–0.99), which was mainly driven by monounsaturated fats (per 5 g/day, HR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.55–0.92) rather than polyunsaturated fats (per 5 g/day, HR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.68–1.25). There was no association between saturated fats (HR = 1.08, 95% CI: 0.88–1.34) and HCC risk. The ratio of polyunsaturated/monounsaturated fats to saturated fats was not significantly associated with HCC risk (per 0.2 point, HR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.73–1.01). Restriction of analyses to HBV/HCV free participants or adjustment for liver function did not substantially alter the findings. In this large prospective European cohort, higher consumption of monounsaturated fats is associated with lower HCC risk.
Guertin KA, Loftfield E, Boca SM, et al., 2015, Serum biomarkers of habitual coffee consumption may provide insight into the mechanism underlying the association between coffee consumption and colorectal cancer, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION, Vol: 101, Pages: 1000-1011, ISSN: 0002-9165
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- Citations: 96
Wozniak MB, Brennan P, Brenner DR, et al., 2015, Alcohol consumption and the risk of renal cancers in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC), International Journal of Cancer, Vol: 137, Pages: 1953-1966, ISSN: 1097-0215
Epidemiologic studies have reported that moderate alcohol consumption is inversely associated with the risk of renal cancer. However, there is no information available on the associations in renal cancer subsites. From 1992 through to 2010, 477,325 men and women in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort were followed for incident renal cancers (n = 931). Baseline and lifetime alcohol consumption was assessed by country-specific, validated dietary questionnaires. Information on past alcohol consumption was collected by lifestyle questionnaires. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated from Cox proportional hazard models. In multivariate analysis, total alcohol consumption at baseline was inversely associated with renal cancer; the HR and 95% CI for the increasing categories of total alcohol consumption at recruitment versus the light drinkers category were 0.78 (0.62–0.99), 0.82 (0.64–1.04), 0.70 (0.55–0.90), 0.91 (0.63–1.30), respectively, (ptrend = 0.001). A similar relationship was observed for average lifetime alcohol consumption and for all renal cancer subsites combined or for renal parenchyma subsite. The trend was not observed in hypertensive individuals and not significant in smokers. In conclusion, moderate alcohol consumption was associated with a decreased risk of renal cancer.
Perera T, Young MR, Zhang Z, et al., 2015, Identification and monitoring of metabolite markers of dry bean consumption in parallel human and mouse studies, MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH, Vol: 59, Pages: 795-806, ISSN: 1613-4125
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- Citations: 25
Murphy N, Cross AJ, Huang W-Y, et al., 2015, A prospective evaluation of C-peptide levels and colorectal adenoma incidence, CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY, Vol: 39, Pages: 160-165, ISSN: 1877-7821
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Martinez E, Jacobs E, Jover R, et al., 2015, Do All Low-Risk Colorectal Adenomas Predict Equal Risk for Future Outcomes? A Pooled Analysis, 46th Annual Digestive Disease Week (DDW), Publisher: W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC, Pages: S182-S183, ISSN: 0016-5085
Aleksandrova K, Chuang S-C, Boeing H, et al., 2015, A Prospective Study of the Immune System Activation Biomarker Neopterin and Colorectal Cancer Risk, JNCI-JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE, Vol: 107, ISSN: 0027-8874
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- Citations: 13
Sanikini H, Dik VK, Siersema PD, et al., 2015, Total, caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee and tea intake and gastric cancer risk: Results from the EPIC cohort study, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Vol: 136, Pages: E720-E730, ISSN: 0020-7136
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- Citations: 15
Kreimer AR, Brennan P, Kuhs KAL, et al., 2015, Human Papillomavirus Antibodies and Future Risk of Anogenital Cancer: A Nested Case-Control Study in the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition Study, JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY, Vol: 33, Pages: 877-+, ISSN: 0732-183X
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Hughes DJ, Fedirko V, Jenab M, et al., 2015, Selenium status is associated with colorectal cancer risk in the European prospective investigation of cancer and nutrition cohort, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Vol: 136, Pages: 1149-1161, ISSN: 0020-7136
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- Citations: 150
Rohrmann S, Linseisen J, Overvad K, et al., 2015, Meat and fish consumption and the risk of renal cell carcinoma in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Vol: 136, Pages: E423-E431, ISSN: 0020-7136
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- Citations: 17
Buckland G, Travier N, Huerta JM, et al., 2015, Healthy lifestyle index and risk of gastric adenocarcinoma in the EPIC cohort study, International Journal of Cancer, Vol: 137, Pages: 598-606, ISSN: 1097-0215
Several modifiable lifestyle factors, including smoking, alcohol, certain dietary factors and weight are independently associated with gastric cancer (GC); however, their combined impact on GC risk is unknown. We constructed a healthy lifestyle index to investigate the joint influence of these behaviors on GC risk within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. The analysis included 461,550 participants (662 first incident GC cases) with a mean follow-up of 11.4 years. A healthy lifestyle index was constructed, assigning 1 point for each healthy behavior related to smoking status, alcohol consumption and diet quality (represented by the Mediterranean diet) for assessing overall GC and also body mass index for cardia GC and 0 points otherwise. Risk of GC was calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression models while adjusting for relevant confounders. The highest versus lowest score in the healthy lifestyle index was associated with a significant lower risk of GC, by 51% overall (HR 0.49 95% CI 0.35, 0.70), by 77% for cardia GC (HR 0.23 95% CI 0.08, 0.68) and by 47% for noncardia GC (HR 0.53 (95% CI 0.32, 0.87), p-trends<0.001. Population attributable risk calculations showed that 18.8% of all GC and 62.4% of cardia GC cases could have been prevented if participants in this population had followed the healthy lifestyle behaviors of this index. Adopting several healthy lifestyle behaviors including not smoking, limiting alcohol consumption, eating a healthy diet and maintaining a normal weight is associated with a large decreased risk of GC.
Steffen A, Huerta J-M, Weiderpass E, et al., 2015, General and abdominal obesity and risk of esophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, International Journal of Cancer, Vol: 137, Pages: 646-657, ISSN: 1097-0215
General obesity, as reflected by BMI, is an established risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), a suspected risk factor for gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCC) and appears unrelated to gastric non-cardia adenocarcinoma (GNCC). How abdominal obesity, as commonly measured by waist circumference (WC), relates to these cancers remains largely unexplored. Using measured anthropometric data from 391,456 individuals from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study and 11 years of follow-up, we comprehensively assessed the association of anthropometric measures with risk of EAC, GCC and GNCC using multivariable proportional hazards regression. One hundred twenty-four incident EAC, 193 GCC and 224 GNCC were accrued. After mutual adjustment, BMI was unrelated to EAC, while WC showed a strong positive association (highest vs. lowest quintile HR = 1.19; 95% CI, 0.63–2.22 and HR = 3.76; 1.72–8.22, respectively). Hip circumference (HC) was inversely related to EAC after controlling for WC, while WC remained positively associated (HR = 0.35; 0.18–0.68, and HR=4.10; 1.94-8.63, respectively). BMI was not associated with GCC or GNCC. WC was related to higher risks of GCC after adjustment for BMI and more strongly after adjustment for HC (highest vs. lowest quintile HR = 1.91; 1.09–3.37, and HR = 2.23; 1.28–3.90, respectively). Our study demonstrates that abdominal, rather than general, obesity is an indisputable risk factor for EAC and also provides evidence for a protective effect of gluteofemoral (subcutaneous) adipose tissue in EAC. Our study further shows that general obesity is not a risk factor for GCC and GNCC, while the role of abdominal obesity in GCC needs further investigation.
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