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@article{Ward:2019:10.1038/s41430-018-0271-2,
author = {Ward, HA and Whitman, J and Muller, DC and Johansson, M and Jakszyn, P and Weiderpass, E and Palli, D and Fanidi, A and Vermeulen, R and Tjønneland, A and Hansen, L and Dahm, CC and Overvad, K and Severi, G and Boutron-Ruault, M-C and Affret, A and Kaaks, R and Fortner, R and Boeing, H and Trichopoulou, A and La, Vecchia C and Kotanidou, A and Berrino, F and Krogh, V and Tumino, R and Ricceri, F and Panico, S and Bueno-de-Mesquita, HB and Peeters, PH and Nøst, TH and Sandanger, TM and Quirós, JR and Agudo, A and Rodríguez-Barranco, M and Larrañaga, N and Huerta, JM and Ardanaz, E and Drake, I and Brunnström, H and Johansson, M and Grankvist, K and Travis, RC and Freisling, H and Stepien, M and Merritt, MA and Riboli, E and Cross, AJ},
doi = {10.1038/s41430-018-0271-2},
journal = {European Journal of Clinical Nutrition},
pages = {1122--1132},
title = {Haem iron intake and risk of lung cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41430-018-0271-2},
volume = {73},
year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
AB  - BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies suggest that haem iron, which is found predominantly in red meat and increases endogenous formation of carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds, may be positively associated with lung cancer. The objective was to examine the relationship between haem iron intake and lung cancer risk using detailed smoking history data and serum cotinine to control for potential confounding. METHODS: In the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), 416,746 individuals from 10 countries completed demographic and dietary questionnaires at recruitment. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident lung cancer (n = 3731) risk relative to haem iron, non-haem iron, and total dietary iron intake. A corresponding analysis was conducted among a nested subset of 800 lung cancer cases and 1489 matched controls for whom serum cotinine was available. RESULTS: Haem iron was associated with lung cancer risk, including after adjustment for details of smoking history (time since quitting, number of cigarettes per day): as a continuous variable (HR per 0.3 mg/1000 kcal 1.03, 95% CI 1.00-1.07), and in the highest versus lowest quintile (HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.02-1.32; trend across quintiles: P = 0.035). In contrast, non-haem iron intake was related inversely with lung cancer risk; however, this association attenuated after adjustment for smoking history. Additional adjustment for serum cotinine did not considerably alter the associations detected in the nested case-control subset. CONCLUSIONS: Greater haem iron intake may be modestly associated with lung cancer risk.
AU  - Ward,HA
AU  - Whitman,J
AU  - Muller,DC
AU  - Johansson,M
AU  - Jakszyn,P
AU  - Weiderpass,E
AU  - Palli,D
AU  - Fanidi,A
AU  - Vermeulen,R
AU  - Tjønneland,A
AU  - Hansen,L
AU  - Dahm,CC
AU  - Overvad,K
AU  - Severi,G
AU  - Boutron-Ruault,M-C
AU  - Affret,A
AU  - Kaaks,R
AU  - Fortner,R
AU  - Boeing,H
AU  - Trichopoulou,A
AU  - La,Vecchia C
AU  - Kotanidou,A
AU  - Berrino,F
AU  - Krogh,V
AU  - Tumino,R
AU  - Ricceri,F
AU  - Panico,S
AU  - Bueno-de-Mesquita,HB
AU  - Peeters,PH
AU  - Nøst,TH
AU  - Sandanger,TM
AU  - Quirós,JR
AU  - Agudo,A
AU  - Rodríguez-Barranco,M
AU  - Larrañaga,N
AU  - Huerta,JM
AU  - Ardanaz,E
AU  - Drake,I
AU  - Brunnström,H
AU  - Johansson,M
AU  - Grankvist,K
AU  - Travis,RC
AU  - Freisling,H
AU  - Stepien,M
AU  - Merritt,MA
AU  - Riboli,E
AU  - Cross,AJ
DO  - 10.1038/s41430-018-0271-2
EP  - 1132
PY  - 2019///
SN  - 1476-5640
SP  - 1122
TI  - Haem iron intake and risk of lung cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort
T2  - European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41430-018-0271-2
UR  - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30337714
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/63588
VL  - 73
ER  -

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