Publications
324 results found
Bowden-Jones O, Sinclair J, Lingford-Hughes A, 2019, Psychiatry and the global drugs debate: what every psychiatrist needs to know., British Journal of Psychiatry, Pages: 1-2, ISSN: 0007-1250
There are few topics that divide public opinion as sharply as the use of psychoactive substances and it is easy to see why. Substance use is complex and can be examined from numerous perspectives, including legal, health, economic, cultural and ethical. These varying approaches can lead to a range of different conclusions. Here we explore some of the common approaches adopted towards drug policy and suggest a number of principles, which may inform a psychiatrist's own view.
Wahba M, Sousa S, Watson S, et al., 2019, Neurometabolic approach to treatment-resistant depression Authors' reply, BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY, Vol: 215, Pages: 568-569, ISSN: 0007-1250
Nestor LJ, Paterson LM, Murphy A, et al., 2019, Naltrexone differentially modulates the neural correlates of motor impulse control in abstinent alcohol-dependent and poly-substance dependent individuals, European Journal of Neuroscience, Vol: 50, Pages: 2311-2321, ISSN: 0953-816X
Identifying key neural substrates in addiction disorders for targeted drug development remains a major challenge for clinical neuroscience. One emerging target is the opioid system, where substance‐dependent populations demonstrate prefrontal opioid dysregulation that predicts impulsivity and relapse. This may suggest that disturbances to the prefrontal opioid system could confer a risk for relapse in addiction due to weakened “top‐down” control over impulsive behaviour. Naltrexone is currently licensed for alcohol dependence and is also used clinically for impulse control disorders. Using a go/no‐go (GNG) task we examined the effects of acute naltrexone on the neural correlates of successful motor impulse control in abstinent alcoholics (AUD), abstinent poly substance‐dependent (poly‐SUD) individuals, and controls during a randomized double blind placebo controlled fMRI study. In the absence of any differences on GNG task performance, the AUD group showed a significantly greater BOLD response compared to the control group in lateral and medial prefrontal regions during both placebo and naltrexone treatments; effects that were positively correlated with alcohol abstinence. There was also a dissociation in the positive modulating effects of naltrexone in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and anterior insula cortex (AIC) of the AUD and poly‐SUD groups respectively. Self‐reported trait impulsivity in the poly‐SUD group also predicted the effect of naltrexone in the AIC. These results suggest that acute naltrexone differentially amplifies neural responses within two distinct regions of a salience network during successful motor impulse control in abstinent AUD and poly‐SUD groups, which are predicted by trait impulsivity in the poly‐SUD group.
Venkataraman A, Mansur A, Lewis Y, et al., 2019, Evaluation of mitochondrial and synaptic function in Alzheimer’s disease (AD): a [18F]BCPP-EF, [11C]SA4503 and [11C]UCB-J PET study, Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, Vol: 39, Pages: 121-122, ISSN: 1559-7016
ObjectivesMitochondrial deficits leading to synaptic dysfunction have been hypothesised in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disease, with Aβ/tau impairing mitochondrial function in AD. To date a combined evaluation of human mitochondrial and synaptic function has not been performed directly in vivo. We describe the pilot results of MINDMAPS-AD, a study within the MINDMAPS1 programme aiming to evaluate mitochondrial and synaptic function in the brain of patients with MCI/AD. MINDMAPS-AD uses the novel radioligands [18F]BCPP-EF, [11C]SA4503 and [11C]UCB-J, to compare the regional density of mitochondrial complex I (MC1), the sigma 1 receptor (s1R) and synaptic vesicular protein 2A (SV2A) respectively.MethodsSix participants with a range of AD related pathologies, EMCI (n = 2), LMCI (n = 2), and AD (n = 2), were enrolled into the study. Participants fulfilled NIA-AA criteria and were amyloid-beta +ve confirmed by [18F]Florbetaben PET. All participants underwent three PET scans with [18F]BCPP-EF, [11C]SA4503 and [11C]UCB-J. Arterial blood samples were collected and a metabolite corrected arterial plasma input function was estimated to derive regional volumes of distribution (VT). These data were compared to six age/sex matched cognitively normal (CN) healthy subjects recruited for ongoing studies within the MINDMAPS programme. Regions of interest (ROIs) were defined on individual subject MR images using an anatomical atlas and included: frontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, anterior cingulate, posterior cingulate, thalamus, temporal cortex, parietal cortex, caudate, putamen, and occipital lobe. Regional target density was evaluated using the VT, as well as VT corrected for the plasma free fraction of the radioligand (fP; VT/fp), and the regional VT ratio versus the VT in the centrum semiovale, a white matter region expected to have low levels of the targets evaluated (DVR). Comparison of regional target density and
Colasanti A, Myers J, Helfer B, et al., 2019, Endogenous opioid release capacity in adult ADHD patients: a pilot study with PET and [C-11] carfentanil, 29th International Symposium on Cerebral Blood Flow, Metabolism and Function / 14th International Conference on Quantification of Brain Function with PET (BRAIN and BRAIN Pet), Publisher: SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC, Pages: 558-559, ISSN: 0271-678X
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